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Identification, Evaluation and Prioritization of Chemicals for National Human Biomonitoring Program : Insights from Latvia
Full text linkHuman biomonitoring (HBM) is a critical tool for assessing chemical exposure in populations and informing public health policies. This study aimed to prioritize chemical substances for the development of a national HBM program in Latvia, addressing the need for systematic evaluation of chemicals in the local context. Initially, 318 chemical substances were reviewed, of which 130 were shortlisted and assessed using an adapted Hanlon methodology. Substances were assessed based on their health significance, hazardous properties, exposure characteristics, national relevance, and public interest. The results identified 30 high-priority substances across various categories, providing a foundation for the HBM4LV program. This prioritization process highlighted the challenges of data gaps, resource limitations, and the need to balance national priorities with alignment to European frameworks. Despite addressing key methodological challenges, the study highlights the importance for ongoing refinement, robust data collection, and strengthened international collaboration to enhance the program’s scope and long-term sustainability. While the methodology addressed key challenges, further refinement and international collaboration are essential to enhance the program’s scope and sustainability.Peer reviewe
Cross-National Trends in Adolescents Psychological and Somatic Complaints Before and After the Onset of COVID-19 Pandemic
Full text linkPublisher Copyright: © 2024 Society for Adolescent Health and MedicinePurpose: Building on research suggesting that the COVID-19 pandemic may have led to an exacerbation of deteriorating trends in mental health among adolescents, this paper examined trends in adolescents' psychological and somatic complaints across 35 countries from 2010 to 2022, and tested trends in sociodemographic inequalities in these outcomes between 2018 and 2022. Methods: Using data from 792,606 adolescents from 35 countries (51% girls; mean age = 13.5; standard deviation 1.6) across four Health Behaviour in School-aged Children surveys (2010, 2014, 2018, 2022), hierarchical multilevel models estimated cross-national trends in adolescent psychological and somatic complaints. We tested whether observed values in 2022 were in line with predicted values based on 2010–2018 linear trends. Finally, moderation effects of age, family affluence, and family structures on the outcomes were tested (2018–2022). Results: Both girls and boys showed substantially higher levels of psychological complaints in 2022 compared with the predicted values. For somatic complaints, higher levels than predicted in 2022 were observed only in girls. Moderation analyses revealed an increase from 2018 to 2022 in age gaps and a narrowing in the socioeconomic gap for both outcomes. Also, there was a widening gap between adolescents living with 2 parents and those living in a single parent household in 2022 compared to 2018. Discussion: Cross-national increases in adolescent psychological and somatic complaints were higher than expected in 2022, based on previous trends. Magnitudes of change varied across different sociodemographics groups, with implications for pre-existing mental health inequalities.Peer reviewe
A brain-constrained deep neural-network model that can account for the readiness potential in self-initiated volitional action
Full text linkThe readiness potential (RP) is a gradual buildup of negative electrical potential over the motor cortices prior to onset of a self-initiated movement. It is typically interpreted as having a goal-directed nature, whereby it signals movement planning and preparation. However, a similar buildup can also be observed by averaging continuous random neural fluctuations aligned to crests in their time series [1]. Therefore, an alternative account of the RP is that it reflects ongoing background neuronal noise that has at least a small influence on the precise time of movement onset [2]. While computational modelling studies were used in the past to adjudicate between these accounts, previous attempts did not employ a fully neuroanatomically and neurobiologically realistic architecture, hence falling short of providing a cortical-level mechanistic validation of either theory. Here, we investigated the stochastic origin of the RP by applying a fully brain-constrained deep neural-network model reproducing real cortical neurons dynamics and the structure and connectivity of relevant primary sensorimotor, secondary and association areas of the frontal and temporal lobes. This model has been previously used to account for the neuromechanistic origins and cortical topography of volitional decisions to speak and act [3]. We used the emergent feature of this neural architecture – its ability to exhibit noise-driven periodic spontaneous ignitions of previously learnt internal representations (cell assemblies, CAs, circuits of strongly and reciprocally connected cells distributed across the entire network) – to mimic spontaneous decisions to act as observed in the classical Libet experiment. Specifically, we recorded the network’s activity for 2,000 trials, each trial beginning with a network reset and lasting until the spontaneous ignition of one of the CAs occurred, and used the time interval between trial start and spontaneous CA ignition as a model correlate of waiting times. We found that the model data accounted well for the experimental waiting-time distribution. Furthermore, in line with the stochastic interpretation of the RP, appropriate calibration of the model parameters resulted in subthreshold reverberation of activity within CA circuits, and averaging across cell assemblies’ ignition episodes produced a curve that closely matched the gradual buildup of activity observed in the experimental RP and its onset time. There are various neurophysiological sources of ongoing noise that result from neural activity. Some of this noise might accumulate and reverberate within previously acquired perception-action circuits, and, hence, produce spontaneous action. The present simulation results, obtained with a fully brain-constrained neural architecture, provide further support for this alternative view, placing the classical explanation of the RP further under scrutiny.Peer reviewe
The Impact of IL1B rs1143634 and DEFB1 rs11362 Variants on Periodontitis Risk in Phenylketonuria and Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in a Latvian Population
Full text linkPublisher Copyright: © 2024 by the authors.Objectives: Periodontitis is a multifactorial disease that affects approximately 11% of the global population. The objective of this study was to examine whether, among individuals with phenylketonuria and type 1 diabetes mellitus, those with the IL1B rs1143634 and/or DEFB1 rs11362 genetic variants exhibit a higher periodontitis risk compared to healthy controls. Materials and Methods: In all, 43 phenylketonuria patients (aged 12–53), 28 type 1 diabetes mellitus patients (aged 11–40), and 63 healthy controls (aged 12–53) were included. The evaluation of periodontitis risk was conducted using the Silness–Löe plaque index, the Greene–Vermillion index, and an assessment for the necessity of calculus removal. Genetic variants rs1143634 and rs11362 were genotyped from salivary samples using restriction length polymorphism analysis. Results: The DEFB1 rs11362 variant was associated with higher Silness–Löe and Greene–Vermillion index scores in phenylketonuria patients (p = 0.011 and p = 0.043, respectively). The IL1B rs1143634 variant was associated with lower calculus removal necessity in type 1 diabetes mellitus patients (p = 0.030). Clinical examination showed the worst oral hygiene index scores for PKU patients. PKU patients also reported the least consistent tooth brushing and flossing habits. Conclusions: Genetic associations between DEFB1 rs11362 and IL1B rs1143634 variants and oral hygiene indices were observed in the PKU and T1DM groups, suggesting that genetic factors may contribute to periodontal health differences in these populations. Further research with a larger sample size is needed to confirm these findings and develop targeted oral health interventions.Peer reviewe
Supervision to reduce burnout for nurses; scoping review
No full textSupervīzijaIzglītība, pedagoģija un sportsSupervisionEducation, Pedagogy and SportsMaģistra darba mērķis - veikt darbības jomu noteikšanas pārskatu par supervīzijas ietekmi izdegšanas mazināšanai medicīnas māsām.
Darbības jomu noteikšanas pārskatā tika iekļauti pētījumi, kas atbilsts iekļaušanas/ izslēgšanas kritērijiem: 1) pētījumi, kur aplūkota supervīzijas ietekme izdegšanas mazināšanai medicīnas māsām; 2) pētījumu pārskati izstrādāti angļu valodā; 3) pētījumos supervīzijai izmantots Eiropas modelis; 4) pētījumi publicēti laika posmā 2013. - 2023. gada septembrim; 5) pētījumi pieejami pilnteksta formātā un vecumgrupa no 18 gadiem; 6) pētījumi ar dažādiem dizainiem; 7) pētījumi ar supervīzijas norisi individuāli, grupā, pārī, komandā, organizācijā. Izslēgšanas kritēriji: 1) pētījumos supervīzijai izmantots Amerikas modelis (supervīzijai administratīva un uzraugoša funkcija); 2)pētījumi, kuri ir maksas, nav pieejami pilna teksta versijā; 3)pētījuma dalībnieki nav medicīnas māsas; 4) pētījumi, kuros supervīzija nenotiek izdegšanas mazināšanai; 5) sistemātiskie pārskati, literatūras pārskati.
Pētījumi tika atlasīti RSU brīvpieejas datubāzēs ProQuest, PubMed, EBSCOHost, Cochrane Libary, Google Scholar. Meklēšanas stratēģijas izveidei tika izmantoti atslēgvārdi supervision, clinical supervision, burnout, burnout syndrome, professional burnout, professional burnout, nurse, nursing. Pētījumi atlasīti trīs posmos pēc PRISMA shēmas (Page et al., 2021). Dati par pētījumiem izgūti Microsoft Office Excel tabulās.
Rezultātā tika iegūti septiņi pētījumi par supervīzijas ietekmi izdegšanas mazināšanai medicīnas māsām. Supervīzijas izdegšanas mazināšanai medicīnās māsām pēdējos desmit gados ir salīdzinoši maz pētīts jautājums. Darbības jomu noteikšanas pārskatā iekļautajos pētījumos divos pētījumos tika atspoguļotas kādas tehnikas, pieejas un metodes, kas tika izmantotas izdegšanas mazināšanai. Supervīzijas izdegšanas mazināšanai medicīnas māsām visbiežāk ir bijušas organizētas grupās. Iegūtie pētījumi ir veikti, izzinot medicīnas māsu izdegšanas simptomu mazināšanu supervīzijās no supervizējamo skatu punkta.
Maģistra darba pētījumā gūtie rezultāti ir izmantojami turpmāku pētījumu veikšanai supervīzijā par izdegšanas mazināšanu medicīnas māsām. Pētīt supervīzijas tehnikas, metodes, kas palīdz mazināt izdegšanu.The aim of this master thesis was to conduct a scoping review of the impact of supervision on reducing burnout in nurses.
The scoping review included studies that met the inclusion criteria: 1) studies that examined the impact of supervision on reducing burnout in nurses; 2) study reports were written in English; 3) studies used a European model for supervision; 4) studies were published in the period 2013 till - September 2023; 5) studies available in full-text format and age group from 18 years; 6) studies with different designs; 7) studies with supervision in individual, group, pair, team, organization. Exclusion criteria: 1) studies using the American model for supervision (supervision has an administrative and supervisory function); 2) studies that are fee-based, not available in full text; 3) study participants are not nurses; 4) studies where supervision is not conducted to reduce burnout; 5) systematic reviews, literature reviews.
Studies were selected from the RSU open access databases: ProQuest, PubMed, EBSCOHost, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar. Keywords: supervision, clinical supervision, burnout, burnout syndrome, professional burnout, professional burnout, nurse, nursing were used to develop the search strategy. Studies were selected in three stages following the PRISMA scheme (Page et al., 2021). Data for the studies were retrieved in Microsoft Office Excel spreadsheets.
Seven studies were retrieved on the effect of supervision in reducing burnout in nurses. Supervision to reduce burnout in nurses has been a relatively understudied issue in the last decade. Two of the studies included in the scoping review reported on some of the techniques, approaches and methods used to reduce burnout. Supervision to reduce burnout in nurses has most often been organized in groups. The findings have been derived from exploring the reduction of burnout symptoms in supervisions of nurses from the perspective of the supervisees.
The findings of the master's thesis study can be used to conduct further research in supervision on reducing burnout in nurses. To investigate supervision techniques, methods that help to reduce burnout
The effect of probiotics on the gut microbiota in relation to mental health in adults
No full textUztursVeselības aprūpeNutritionHealth CareDarba nosaukums: Probiotiku ietekme uz zarnu mikrobiotu un tā saistība ar psihisko veselību pieaugušajiem – sistemātisks pārskats.
Aktualitāte: Psiho-sociālais stress mūsdienās ir pieaugošs slogs sabiedrības veselībā, tomēr ir aizvien vairāk pierādījumu tam, ka uzturam ir ietekme mūsu reakcijai uz stresu. Latvijas Sabiedrības veselības pamatnostādnes 2021.-2027. gadam noteikušas nepieciešamību pēc pierādījumos balstītas multidisciplināras medicīniskās aprūpes, lai stiprinātu iedzīvotāju emocionālo un psiholoģisko noturību, iezīmējot psihisko veselību kā vienu no galvenajām prioritātēm. Viens no veidiem, kā uzturs var ietekmēt fizioloģiskās un psiholoģiskās stresa reakcijas ir mijiedarbībā ar mikrobiotas-zarnu-smadzeņu asi. Viena no intervencēm ir prebiotiku un probiotiku iekļaušana uzturā. Tomēr nav skaidrs, kuras no probiotikām būtu efektīvākās psihiskās veselības uzlabošanai.
Hipotēze: Probiotiku lietošana izmaina zarnu mikrobiotu, sniedzot labvēlīgu ieguvumu psihiskajai veselībai pacientiem ar stresu, trauksmi un depresiju.
Darba mērķis: Noskaidrot, vai konkrētas probiotikas palīdz uzlabot psihisko veselību pieaugušajiem.
Pētījuma metodes: Sistemātisks pārskats. Dati tika meklēti sešās datu bāzēs – PubMed, ProQuest, EBSCO, Wiley Online Library, Cochrane Library, Clinical key, Google Scholar. Šajā pārskatā tika iekļauti randomizēti kontrolēti pētījumi no 2022. gada līdz 2023. gadam.
Rezultāti: Pārskatā iekļauti astoņi randomizēti pētījumi. Depresijas rādītāji ir statistiski nozīmīgi vairākās intervences grupās, vērtējot pēc psiholoģisko simptomu skalām: HAMD-17 (p=0,04), BD-II (p<0,001), novērota stress pazemināšanās (p<0,001), PSS (p=0,017) trauksmes TMD (p=0,034), siekalu kortizola līmeņa samazināšanās (p =0,039). Tika uzlabotas kognitīvās spējas.
Secinājumi: Pētījumu rezultāti apstiprināta izvirzīto hipotēzi. Intervencēs, kas ilgākas par četrām nedēļām novēroti uzlabojumi stresa, trauksmes un depresijas gadījumos. Biežāk pētītie probiotiku celmi, kuri snieguši ieguvumu psihiskajai veselībai ir: Bifidobacterium longum, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium breve, Lactobacillus helveticus. Nepieciešami turpmāki augstas kvalitātes, ilgākas intervences pētījumi.Title of the Paper: The effect of probiotics on the gut microbiota in relation to mental health in adults.
Background: Nowadays psychosocial stress is a growing public health burden, however, there is growing evidence that diet has an impact on our response to stress. Latvian Public Health Guidelines 2021-2027 emphasized the importance of evidence-based multidisciplinary medical care to improve the emotional and psychological resilience of the population, with mental stress as the top priority. The microbiota-gut-brain axis can be impacted by diet and by interfering with physiological and psychological stress responses. One of the methods is to include prebiotics and probiotics in the diet. It is uncertain which probiotics would most impact improving mental health.
Hypothesis: The use of probiotics can improve mental health in patients with stress, anxiety, and depression by altering the gut microbiota.
The work aim: To determine whether specific probiotics can improve mental health in adults.
Research Methods: A Systematic Review. Data were searched in six databases- PubMed, ProQuest, EBSCO, Wiley Online Library , Cochrane Library, Clinical key, Google Scholar. This review included randomized controlled trials from 2022 to 2023.
Results: The review includes eight randomized studies. Depression rates are statistically significant across multiple intervention groups, based on psychological symptom scales: HAMD-17 (p = 0.04), BD-II (p < 0.001), decreased stress (p < 0.001), PSS (p = 0.017) alert TMD (p = 0.034), decreased saliva cortisol (p = 0.039). Cognitive abilities were improved.
Conclusions: The results of the studies confirmed the hypothesis. Interventions over four weeks have seen improvements in cases of stress, anxiety, and depression. Based on the studies included in the review. The most commonly used probiotic strains were: Bifidobacterium longum, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium breve, Lactobacillus helveticus. It is necessary to conduct more high-quality, longer intervention studies
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No full textPolicijas darbsIekšējā drošība un civilā aizsardzībaPolice workInternal Security and Civil DefenseBakalaura darba nosaukums: “Valsts policijas kompetence elektronisko smēķēšanas ierīču nelegālās izplatīšanas novēršanā”.
Bakalaura darba mērķis: Izpētīt Valsts policijas kompetenci elektronisko smēķēšanas ierīču nelegālās izplatīšanas novēršanā
Bakalaura darba mērķa sasniegšanai izvirzīti sekojoši uzdevumi:
1. Izpētīt normatīvo regulējumu un zinātniskās literatūras;
2. Izpētīt elektronisko smēķēšanas ierīču ietekmi uz sabiedrības veselību;
3. Analizēt Valsts policijas kompetenci nelegālo smēķēšanas ierīču apkarošanā;
4. Izpētīt Valsts policijas praksi elektronisko smēķēšanas ierīču nelegālās izplatīšanas novēršanā.
5. Izteikt secinājumus un izstrādāt priekšlikumus.
Bakalaura darba izstrādes laikā tika izmantotas šādas pētniecības metodes:
1. Analītiskā pētījuma metode – tiks pielietota likumu, noteikumu, pārskatu un pieejamās zinātniskās literatūras izpēte par elektronisko smēķēšanas ierīču nelegālu apriti un Valsts kompetenci šajos jautājumos;
2. Aprakstošā pētījuma metode- tiks aprakstīta informācija par personām, kuras elektroniskās smēķēšanas ierīces iegādājas nelegālā ceļā
3. Loģiski konstruktīvā pētījuma metode – tiks izteikti secinājumi un priekšlikumi.
Bakalaura darbs kopumā sastāv no 54 lappusēm. Darbā izmantoti zinātniskās literatūras un informācijas avoti.
Darbs sastāv no trim nodaļām. Pirmajā nodaļā tiks aplūkoti vēsturiskie smēķēšanas pirmsākumi, kas noveduši līdz elektronisko smēķēšanas ierīču izveidošanai. Otrajā nodaļā tiks aplūkoti elektronisko smēķēšanas ierīču aprites noteikumi . Trešajā nodaļā tiks aplūkota Valsts policijas kompetence elektronisko smēķēšanas ierīču apkarošanas jomā.
Darba nobeigumā – secinājumos tiks apkopota informācija par bakalaura darba izstrādes gaitā iegūtajām atziņām un par to izdarīti secinājumi, kā arī tiks piedāvāti iespējamie risinājumi, esošo problēmu risināšanāThe title of the Bachelor’s work: “Issues of legal regulation of electronic cigarettes circulation”.
The purporse of the Bachelor’s work: Investigate the competence of the State Police in preventing the illegal distribution of electronic smoking devices
The following tasks have been assigned for achieving the purpose of the Bachelor's work:
1. Study the regulatory framework and scientific literature;
2. Investigate the impact of electronic smoking devices on public health;
3. Analyze the competence of the State Police in combating illegal smoking devices;
4. To study the practice of the State Police in preventing the illegal distribution of electronic smoking devices.
5. Express conclusions and develop proposals.
The following research methods were used during the development of the bachelor's thesis:
1. Analytical research method - the study of laws, regulations, reviews and available scientific literature on the illegal circulation of electronic smoking devices and the competence of the State in these matters will be applied;
2. Descriptive research method - information about persons who buy electronic smoking devices illegally will be described
3. Logically constructive research method - conclusions and proposals will be expressed.
The bachelor thesis consists of 54 pages in total. Scientific literature and information sources are used in the work.
The work consists of three chapters. The first chapter will look at the historical beginnings of smoking, leading to the creation of electronic smoking devices. The second chapter will discuss the rules for the circulation of electronic smoking devices. The third chapter will examine the competence of the State Police in the field of combating electronic smoking devices.
At the end of the work - the conclusions will summarize information about the knowledge gained during the development of the bachelor's thesis and the conclusions drawn about it, as well as possible solutions for solving the existing problems will be offere
Nutritional knowledge of fitness trainers
No full textUztursVeselības aprūpeNutritionHealth CareBakalaura darba nosaukums ir “ Fitnesa treneru zināšanas par uzturu”.
Darba mērķis ir noskaidrot sporta fitnesa treneru zināšanas par uzturu un zināšanu ieguves avotus.
Hipotēze – fitnesa treneri ar zemu zināšanu līmeni izmanto masu medijus kā informācijas avotu par uzturu.
Pētījuma dizains – kvantitatīvs, aprakstošs. Pētījuma populācija – 56 sporta speciālisti/fitnesa treneri, strādājoši sporta klubos Rīgā vecumā no 18 līdz 65 gadiem.
Pētījuma instrumenti - lai sasniegtu pētījuma mērķi un uzdevumus, tika izmantota anketa “Abridged Nutrition for Sport Knowledge Questionnaire (ANSKQ).
Rezultāti – darbā tika secināts, ka fitnesa treneriem ir labas vispārējā uztura zināšanas, bet zemas zināšanu līmenis sporta uzturā. Fitnesa treneri ar zemām vispārējām zināšanām iegūst informāciju no masu medijiem, interneta vietnēm un dažādiem blogiem 55,6% (n=6), un retāk pievēršas uztura speciālistu vai dietologu ieteikumiem 22,2% (n=2) un publikācijām zinātniskos izdevumos 11,1% (n=1), tomēr respondenti ar zemām zināšanām par sporta uzturu visbiežāk iegūst informāciju, no uztura speciālista vai dietologa ieteikumiem 55,6% (n=25) un publikācijām zinātniskos izvedumos 40,0% (n=18). Hipotēze daļēji apstiprinās.
Netika konstatētas atšķirības uztura zināšanās starp tiem fitnesa treneriem, kuri sagatavo sportistu sacensībām, un tiem, kuri to nedara.
Darbs satur 8 tabulas, 15 attēlus, 100 izmantotos literatūras avotus un 20 pielikumusABSTRACT
The title of the bachelor's thesis is "Fitness Trainers' Knowledge of Nutrition."
The aim of the thesis is to determine the knowledge of sports fitness trainers regarding nutrition and sources of knowledge acquisition. The hypothesis suggests that fitness trainers with a low level of knowledge use mass media as a source of information on nutrition.
The research design is quantitative and descriptive. The study population consists of 56 sports specialists/fitness trainers working in sports clubs in Riga, aged 18 to 65.
Research instruments – to achieve the research aim and objectives, the “Abridged Nutrition for Sport Knowledge Questionnaire (ANSKQ)” was used.
Results – the study concludes that fitness trainers have good general nutritional knowledge but a low level of knowledge in sports nutrition. Fitness trainers with lower general knowledge obtain information from mass media, websites, and various blogs 55,6% (n=6), less frequently consulting recommendations from nutrition specialists or dieticians 22,2% (n=2), and publications in scientific journals 11,1% (n=1). However, respondents with lower sports nutrition knowledge more frequently obtain information from nutrition specialists or dieticians' recommendations 55,6% (n=25) and publications in scientific journals 40,0% (n=18). The hypothesis is partially confirmed.
No differences in nutritional knowledge were found between fitness trainers who prepare athletes for competition and those who don't.
The thesis includes 8 tables, 15 figures, 100 cited literature sources, and 20 appendices
Antioxidant concentration and persistence in wheat: an experimental study between ancient and modern wheat varieties during grain milling, fermentation and baking
No full textUztursVeselības aprūpeNutritionHealth CareBakalaura darba nosaukums: Antioksidantu koncentrācija un noturība kviešos: eksperimentāls pētījums starp senajām un mūsdienu kviešu šķirnēm, graudu malšanas, fermentācijas un cepšanas procesā
Bakalaura darba autors: Valters Bukovskis, Rehabilitācijas fakultātes, profesionālās bakalaura programmas “Uzturs” students.
Bakalaura darba vadītāja: Dr. Biol., Anna Lece, RSU Bioķīmijas laboratorijas vadošā pētnieka p.i..
Darba zinātniskais konsultants: Dr. biol., asoc. prof., Andrejs Šķesters, RSU Bioķīmijas laboratorijas vadītājs, vadošais pētnieks.
Pētījuma mērķis: eksperimentāli noteikt un salīdzināt antioksidatīvo aktivitāti un kopējo polifenolu koncentrāciju Valsts Stendes graudaugu selekcijas institūta selekcionēto kviešu šķirnēs, papildus nosakot antioksidatīvās aktivitātes noturību šajās šķirnēs, maizes cepšanas procesā.
Pētījuma aktualitāte: oksidatīvais stress, kas ir iesaistīts hronisku slimību attīstībā, var tikt samazināts ar uzturā esošiem antioksidantiem, un pilngraudu, īpaši kviešu, ir atzīti kā potenciāli noderīgi. Jāņem vērā graudu apstrādes procesi, jo tie var negatīvi ietekmēt antioksidantus.
Pētījuma metodes: pētījumā tika analizētas 6 dažādas bioloģiskās ziemas kviešu šķirnes. Antioksidatīvās aktivitātes un kopējo polifenolu koncentrācijas noteikšanai tika izmantota spektrofotometrija.
Rezultāti un secinājumi: selekcijas process būtiski neietekmē antioksidatīvo aktivitāti starp šķirnēm. Toties mīklas raudžešana un termiskā apstrāde antioksidatīvās spējas ietekmē būtiski. Raudzēšanas proces atbrīvo antioksidatīvos savienojumus, palielinot antioksidatīvās spējas, savukārt termiskā apstrāde šīs spējas būtiski samazina. Grauda izmērs korelē ar ABTS radikāļu inhibēšanas spēju un TPC koncentrāciju. Gaudam pieaugot gan ABTS, gan TPC koncentrācija samazinaš. Kopumā modernās šķirnes vairāk atbrīvo antioksidatīvos savienojumus raudzēšanas procesā, bet arī termiskās apastrādes laikā, samazinājums ir vislielākais starp grupām. Gala produktā atšķirība ir vienlīdzīga starp senajām un modernajām šķirnēm.
Rezultātu praktiskā pielietojamība: pilngraudu kviešu milti satur izturīgus antioksidantus, kuri saglabā savu pozitīvo ietekmi arī pēc termiskās apstrādes. Garšaugu pievienošana, kā alternatīva ilgstošai kviešu šķirņu selekcijai, varētu būt efektīvāks veids antioksidantu palielināšanai maizē.Title of Bachelor's Thesis: Concentration and Stability of Antioxidants in Wheat: An Experimental Study Among Ancient and Modern Wheat Varieties during Grain Milling, Fermentation, and Baking Processes
Author of Bachelor's Thesis: Valters Bukovskis, Student of the Professional Bachelor's Program "Nutrition" at the Faculty of Rehabilitation.
Thesis Supervisor: Dr. Biol. Anna Lece, Acting Leading Researcher at the RSU Biochemistry Laboratory.
Scientific Consultant: Dr. Biol., Assoc. Prof. Andrejs Šķesters, Head of the RSU Biochemistry Laboratory, Leading Researcher.
Research Objective: Experimentally determine and compare the antioxidant activity and total polyphenol concentration in wheat varieties selected by the State Stende Crop Research Institute, additionally assessing the stability of antioxidant activity in these varieties during the bread baking process.
Relevance of the Study: Oxidative stress, implicated in the development of chronic diseases, can be reduced with dietary antioxidants, and whole grains, especially wheat, are recognized as potentially beneficial. Grain processing methods need to be considered, as they can negatively impact antioxidants.
Research Methods: The study analyzed six different winter wheat varieties biologically. Spectrophotometry was used to determine antioxidant activity and total polyphenol concentrations.
Results and Conclusions: The selection process did not significantly affect antioxidant activity among varieties. However, dough fermentation and thermal processing significantly influenced antioxidant abilities. Fermentation released antioxidant compounds, increasing antioxidant activity, while thermal processing significantly reduced these abilities. Grain size correlated with ABTS radical inhibition and TPC concentration. As the grain size increased, both ABTS and TPC concentrations decreased. Overall, modern varieties released more antioxidants during fermentation, but also had the greatest reduction during thermal processing compared to ancient varieties. There was an equal difference between ancient and modern varieties in the final product.
Practical Applicability of Results: Whole wheat flour contains resilient antioxidants that maintain their positive impact even after thermal processing. Adding herbs, as an alternative to prolonged wheat selection, could be a more effective way to increase antioxidants in bread
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No full textPolicijas darbsIekšējā drošība un civilā aizsardzībaPolice workInternal Security and Civil DefensePētnieciskā darba nosaukums: Atbildība par naida runu internetā un tās piemērošanas problēmjautājumi.
Līdz ar interneta parādīšanos cilvēku dzīvē, kļūst aktuāls jautājums par naida runu. Termins naida runa tiek lietots uzbrukumiem noteiktām grupām (pamatojoties uz atšķirībām, piemēram, rasi, seksuālo orientāciju vai dzimumu), to var plaši izmantot kā verbālās vardarbības sinonīmu. Verbālā vardarbība izpaužas kā pazemošana, nicināšana, draudēšana, otra aizvainošana, izsmiešana, ņirgāšanās, apvainošana, tenkošana, ķircināšana, lamāšanās u.tml.
Pētnieciskā darba mērķis: analizēt tiesisko regulējumu, kas paredz atbildību par naida runas izplatīšanu internetā, un tā piemērošanas praksi, konstatēt problēmjautājumus un piedāvāt tiem risinājumus.
Pētījuma rezultāti: apliecina, ka Latvijā ir nepietiekams regulējums attiecībā uz sociāliem tīkliem, atšķirībā no Vācijas un Francijas, kur sociālo tīklu darbību regulē atsevišķs tam paredzēts likums.
Pētījums sastāv no: 58 lpp., 1 tabulas, 78 izmantotiem avotiem un 7 pielikumiem.The title of the research work: Responsibility for hate speech on the Internet and the challenges of its issues.
With the becoming of internet in people's lives, the issue of hate speech becomes relevant. The term hate speech is used to attack certain groups (based on differences such as race, sexual orientation, or gender), it can be widely used as a synonym for verbal violence. Verbal violence takes the form of humiliation, contempt, menace, second offense, mockery, insulting, gossiping, teasing, swearing, etc.
Objective of the research work: analyze the legal framework for the responsibility for the dissemination of hate speech on the Internet and its application practices, identify and propose solutions to problems.
Results of the study confirms that Latvia has insufficient regulation of social networks, unlike Germany and France, where a separate law governs the operation of social networks.
The study consists of 58 pages, 1 table, 78 sources used and 7 annexes