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IMPACT OF ADVANS MYANMAR MICROFINANCE SERVICES ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF SMALL BUSINESS IN PAKOKKU TOWNSHIP
No full textThis study investigates the impact of microfinance services provided by ADVANS Myanmar on the development of small businesses in Pakokku Township. In Myanmar, microfinance plays a critical role in facilitating financial inclusion, especially for underserved communities and small business entrepreneurs. The research aims to evaluate how four core services loan services, savings services, micro-insurance services, and financial literacy services contribute to small business development in terms of income generation, growth, risk management, and financial decision-making. Using a quantitative approach, data were collected through structured questionnaires from 152 small business clients of ADVANS Myanmar. A simple random sampling method was employed to ensure that each participant had an equal chance of being selected, thereby enhancing the representativeness of the sample. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analysis. The findings reveal that loan services, savings services, and financial literacy services have statistically significant positive impacts on business development. Specifically, loan services demonstrated the strongest effect, enabling clients to expand operations and improve profitability. Financial literacy was also found to be a critical factor in enhancing entrepreneurial decision-making. Although micro-insurance services showed moderate correlation, they did not produce statistically significant results in the regression model, indicating potential gaps in client understanding or product design. The results emphasize the importance of integrated microfinance services in supporting small business development. This study enriches the existing literature by providing context-specific empirical evidence on the effectiveness of microfinance in rural Myanmar. It also presents practical recommendations for microfinance institutions and policymakers of microfinance companies to improve service delivery and support long-term economic growth. The findings highlight the critical role of financial literacy and the provision of diverse financial services in fostering entrepreneurial success, while also identifying key areas for future research, including service quality, gender dimensions, and long-term outcomes
INFLUENCING FACTORS OF CUSTOMER SATISFACTION AND CUSTOMER LOYALTY: A CASE STUDY OF SHWE LUCK TEA AND RESTAURANT IN YANGON
No full textThe aim of this paper is to investigate factors influencing customer satisfaction and to analyze the relationship between customer satisfaction and customer loyalty at Shwe Luck Tea and Restaurant in Yangon. The primary objective of the research is to investigate factors influencing customer satisfaction, such as food quality, service quality, price, and place, and their impact on customer satisfaction. Additionally, the study investigates the relationship between customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. A quantitative research approach was employed, utilizing a survey questionnaire to
collect data from 384 respondents who were selected by using a 3-in-1 systematic sampling method. The data was analyzed using statistical tools, including descriptive statistics and regression analysis, to evaluate the influence of factors on customer satisfaction and loyalty. The findings indicate that food quality, service quality, and price significantly and positively impact customer satisfaction, whereas place was found to have no significant effect. Furthermore, customer satisfaction was shown to have a strong and positive effect on customer loyalty, confirming the direct relationship
between the two variables. This study provides practical insights for restaurant managers, particularly in the context of small and medium-sized local establishments, on how to enhance service delivery to improve customer satisfaction and foster longterm loyalty. The research contributes to the existing literature on customer satisfaction and loyalty in the hospitality industry, particularly within Myanmar’s local tea house sector, and offers implications for future research and practice
MOTIVATION FACTORS INFLUENCING ON EMPLOYEE JOB SATISFACTION OF MICROFINANCE COMPANIES IN SAGAING
No full textThe aim of the study is to analyze the motivation factors influencing on employee job satisfaction of microfinance companies in Sagaing. In this study, the primary data are collected from employees of the microfinance companies in Sagaing with structured questionnaire by using seven-point Likert scale. Stratified random sampling method is employed to determine the sample size. There are ten microfinance companies in Sagaing, which have 130 employees of the total population. The sample size of 104 employees, 80% of employees in ten microfinance companies, is selected by using the
proportional allocation formula. The obtained data are analyzed with descriptive statistics, reliability analysis and multiple regression analysis. The findings of this study show that motivation factors, which are working condition, benefit and incentives and supervision have significant effect on employee job satisfaction of microfinance companies in Sagaing. However, wages and salary has no influence on employee job satisfaction. According to the multiple regression analysis, benefit and incentive is the most influential factor for employee job satisfaction, followed by supervision and working condition. It is recommended that microfinance companies should be strengthen non-monetary motivational strategies, particularly benefits, conducive work environments, and supportive supervision to enhance employee satisfaction and retention
EFFECT OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON EMPLOYEE JOB SATISFACTION OF KBZ BANKS IN MANDALAY
No full textThe aim of the study is to analyze the effect of human resource management practices on employee job satisfaction of KBZ Banks in Mandalay. In this study, primary data and secondary data are used. The primary data are collected from employees of KBZ banks in Chan Mya Thar Zi Township, Mandalay with structured questionnaire by using seven point Likert scale. This study covers 117 employees from five KBZ banks in Chan Mya
Thar Zi Township, Mandalay. Cluster sampling method is used to determine the sample size. The obtained data are analyzed with descriptive statistics, reliability analysis and the multiple regression analysis. The findings show that training and development, compensation and benefits, and employee performance positively affect employee job satisfaction of KBZ Banks in Mandalay. Moreover, the results reveal that recruitment and selection has no significant effect on employee job satisfaction. According to the multiple regression analysis, performance appraisal is the most influential factor and followed by compensation and benefits, and training and development. It is recommended that human resource management practices should be reviewed from time to time because needs of the employees may change over time. This study can contribute to employer and especially human resource managers to make informative decisions regarding the development of their human resources
THE EFFECTS OF MARKETING MIX (7PS) ON CUSTOMER SATISFACTION OF SHWE PAE LONE BREAD IN FUDO BAKERY SHOP AT MANDALAY
No full textThe purpose of this study is to determine the marketing mix that Shwe Pae Lone bread uses and to examine how the marketing mix affects company customer satisfaction. Descriptive and quantitative research methodologies were employed to meet the study's goals. 172 consumers who bought Shwe Pae Lone bread from the fudo bakery shop in Mandalay provided primary data for this study via structured questionnaires. Product, place, price, promotion, people, process, and physical evidence are the seven components of the marketing mix that were examined in this investigation. Customer satisfaction is significantly impacted by product, place, price, promotion, people, and physical evidence, according to the results of the regression analysis. Process has a negative coefficient, suggesting that the current service or operational processes may slightly detract from customer satisfaction or are not aligned with customer expectations. To increase customer satisfaction and service speed, Shwe Pae Lone bread should simplify its operations. It is essential to provide employees with comprehensive training to guarantee reliable and prompt service. Processes may be improved, and good service standards can be maintained by keeping an eye on performance indicators and customer feedback. To successfully increase customer satisfaction, this study suggests that Shwe Pae Lone bread concentrate on improving their pricing strategies, distribution routes, promotional activities, staff interactions, operational procedures, and tangible proof. In order to sustain high levels of client satisfaction, Shwe Pae Lone bread also needs to constantly monitor and modify its marketing efforts
Association between body weight fluctuation and progression of radiographic knee osteoarthritis: a longitudinal cohort study
No full textObjectives: To investigate the relationship between body weight fluctuation and the progression of knee pain and joint space loss (JSL) in people with radiographic knee osteoarthritis (RKOA) during a 48-month follow-up period.
Design: We conducted a longitudinal study using data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative. We analysed body weight variability through metrics of average successive variability (ASV), and residual ASV from baseline to 48 months. We assessed the impact of the fluctuations on changes in the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index pain scores and JSL, defined as a decrease of ≥0.7 mm in medial joint space width (JSW), using generalised estimating equations to account for correlation within-person and adjusted for covariates.
Results: A total of 2993 and 2789 knees from 2051 participants were included in the pain and JSW analyses, respectively. Higher body weight variability correlated with increased knee pain but not JSL. Participants with high variability (ASV ≥2.07 kg) had a greater OR of aggravated knee pain (OR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.51, MD: 0.30, 95% CI: 0.05 to 0.54), particularly among initially overweight or obese individuals (OR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.05 to 1.62, MD: 0.35, 95% CI: 0.08 to 0.62) and those who gained over 3% body weight (OR: 1.54, 95% CI: 1.01 to 2.33, MD: 0.65, 95% CI: 0.16 to 1.14).
Conclusions: Body weight fluctuations are a potential risk factor for symptom progression in RKOA, especially among overweight/obese individuals or those who gain weight. Maintaining a stable body weight may help alleviate the progression of symptoms related to knee osteoarthritis
ANALYSIS OF THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC DETERMINANTS ON PADDY PRODUCTION OF FARMERS IN SHINTAWKONE VILLAGE TRACT OF PATHEIN GYI TOWNSHIP
No full textThis study aims to analyze the socio-economic determinants of paddy production of farmers in the Shintawkone village tract of Pathein Gyi township.
Descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis were used to analyze the socioeconomic determinants of paddy production. A two-stage stratified random sampling method was employed in the determination of the sample size. The findings revealed that yearly expenditure is the most significant, but it implies that there is a very small positive relationship between yearly expenditure and paddy production. Yearly rain acre, and farm experience are also significant at the 10% level. The findings of the study furthermore indicate that age, gender, yearly summer acre, and fertilizer use are not significant for paddy production. It is recommended that the government should provide more investments in land preparation, fertilizer use, and agricultural research of paddy. In addition, there is also a need for awareness programs about farming among the people
KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES AND PRACTICES ABOUT MALARIA AND ITS CONTROL IN NAMSANG TOWNSHIP
No full textThis study assesses the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) related to malaria among residents of Namlit Village Tract in Namsang Township, Myanmar.Despite notable progress in malaria control at the national level, the disease remains a public health concern in rural and underserved areas. Data were collected from 278 households by using structured questionnaires and selected through simple random sampling method. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression analysis. Most of the respondents were female and aged between 33 and 42
years. Most of the respondent had primary education, and married. The dominant occupation among respondents was farming. Findings indicate that while general awareness of malaria is high, key gaps exist in preventive practices such as consistent use of insecticide-treated nets and environmental hygiene. The results also show a significant relationship between knowledge, attitudes, and practices, with knowledge having a stronger predictive value. The study highlights the need for culturally appropriate health education, improved access to preventive tools, and greater community engagement to enhance malaria control efforts in endemic regions
THE IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGY ON TEACHING PROCESS IN UNIVERSITY OF CO-OPERATIVE AND MANAGEMENT, SAGAING
No full textThe role of technology in education has evolved significantly over the years, transforming teaching and learning practices at every level. In particular, the integration of technology in higher education has brought about profound changes in how educators deliver instruction and how students engage with learning materials. This study explores how digital tools, and platforms influence the way educators teach at the University of Co-operative and Management, Sagaing. The aim of the research is to examine the impact of technology on the teaching process and to evaluate how digital tools and resources enhance instructional methods, facilitate student engagement, support differentiated learning, and improve educational outcomes. The research will adopt a quantitative research method to gain a comprehensive understanding of the impact of technology on the teaching process at the University of Co-operative and Management, Sagaing. The study will involve 92 sample respondents from online teaching faculty from faculty that was selected using purposive sampling. The findings suggest that both the positive and negative dimensions of technology are significantly associated with teaching process efficiency. However, advantages of technology play a more dominant role in enhancing teaching process efficiency
ANALYSIS OF HOUSEHOLD INCOME AND EXPENDITURE CONDITION OF SHWE KYAR PIN WARD, ZABUTHIRI TOWNSHIP
No full textThis study analyzes how household condition, income levels, savings and investment behaviors, and financial allocation patterns influence household expenditure in Shwe Kyar Pin Ward, Zabuthiri Township. The main objective is to analyze how these key socioeconomic factors affect the financial decisions of households in the area. A
quantitative research design was employed, using both primary and secondary data.Primary data was collected through a structured questionnaire administered to 300 households in the ward. Findings indicate that household income levels have the most substantial effect on expenditure patterns. The financial planning enhances the balance
between current consumption and future security, while savings and investment behavior serve both as protective buffers and enablers of sustainable spending. Demographic variables such as household size, education level, and employment status further shape expenditure behavior by influencing both consumption needs and financial capacity. These results underscore the need for integrated policies that combine income support with financial literacy and planning programs to promote efficient resource utilization and long term economic security at the household level