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Passing of Risk Relating to the Goods in International Commercial Terms
Get PDFInternational trade consists of many risks. The passing of risk means the obligations for loss or damage to the goods passes from seller to the buyer. The result of transaction is that the buyer bears any loss or damage relating to the sold goods. The research aims are how to reduce the risks of goods when contracting with Incoterms rule in International Sale Contract and to eliminate uncertainties arising from different interpretation of the rules in different countries in international trade. The research analyzes the different trading terms have different points where the passing of risk occurrence during transaction passing of risk. Although Incoterms are provided to determine the obligations seller and buyer, these terms do not represent the whole contract. Incoterms” is an abbreviation of International Commercial Terms. Incoterms first drafted in 1936 by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC). Incoterm rules are standard International trade term. They are useful for incorporated in contracts for the sale of goods and it clearly provide between the obligation of the seller and the buyer in International sale of goods. It is required that they should study the relations between 1980 UN Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) and Incoterms rule. Moreover, Incoterms is more handle to solve the problems of the passing of risk than CISG
လူမှုကွန်ယက်ပေါ်ရှိမှတ်ချက်စကားများမှ အသုံးတွင်ကျယ်နေသော ဥပစာစကားသုံးများ
No full textဤစာတမ်းတွင်ယနေ့ခေတ် လူအများအသုံးပြုလျက်ရှိသော လူမှုကွန်ယက်ပေါ်ရှိမှတ်ချက်စကားများတွင် တွင်ကျယ်စွာအသုံးပြုနေသော ဥပစာစကားသုံးများကို အတ္တဗေဒရှုထောင့်မှ လေ့လာတင်ပြထားပါသည်။ ဥပစာစကားသုံးများကို အသုံးပြုခြင်းသည် အခြားစကားသုံးများသုံးခြင်းထက် အဓိပ္ပာယ်ပိုမိုထိရောက်စေသည်ကို ဖော်ပြလိုသောရည်ရွယ်ချက်ဖြင့် လေ့လာထားပါသည်။ဥပစာစကားသုံးများကို တွင်ကျယ်စွာအသုံးပြုခြင်းဖြင့် စကားလုံးများ၏အနက်အဓိပ္ပာယ်သည် ပိုမိုပေါ်လွင်မှုရှိလာရုံစေသာမက အနက်အဓိပ္ပာယ်ကြွယ်ဝမှုလည်းရှိစေပြီး ဘာသာစကားဖွံ့ဖြိုးတိုးတက်မှုရှိစေပါသည်
A Study on Analysis of Willingness to Pay For Perventive Healthcare Services ( Wai Yin Nwe, 2025)
Get PDFThis study investigates the willingness to pay (WTP) for preventive healthcare services among (270) executive postgraduate students enrolled at Yangon University of Economics. Utilizing the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) with a Double-Bounded
Dichotomous Choice (DBDC) approach, the research assesses how socio-demographic and health-seeking behavior factors influence individuals' financial commitment to preventive healthcare. Findings reveal that while (91.1%) of participants acknowledge
the importance of preventive healthcare, only (48.9%) utilize such services annually. The mean willingness to pay (WTP) for preventive healthcare was 43,688.89 Kyat per month. Notably, (76.7%) of respondents accepted the initial bid of 30,000 Kyat, but acceptance
rates declined as bid amounts increased. Key factors such as age, income, job position, prior family illness, preventive health expenditure, insurance coverage, and general willingness to seek preventive healthcare significantly influenced willingness to pay
(WTP) for preventive healthcare services, whereas other socio-demographic variables showed limited predictive value. Findings indicate an urgent need for policy reforms to integrate preventive healthcare into mainstream public health strategy in Myanmar, and
offer actionable insights for policymakers and health administrators to promote preventive health behaviors and sustainable financing mechanisms in Myanmar
A Study on Livelihoods Improvement Program in Yamethin Township in Mandalay Region (Chaw Khant Khant Zaw, 2025)
Get PDFLivelihood Improvement Programs aim to reduce vulnerabilities and enhance the resilience of communities by providing sustainable income opportunities, skill development, and access to essential resources for long-term self-sufficiency. This thesis aims to examine livelihood improvement programs implemented by selected NGOs in Yamethin Township, focusing on current livelihood conditions, preferred training needs, and the effectiveness of these programs in enhancing community well-being. This study uses a descriptive method. A sample of 215 respondents were selected from 3 villages in Yamethin Township. Despite the reliance on agriculture, the majority of respondents have not received formal agricultural training, though there is strong interest in learning crop production techniques. Similarly, while home gardening is widely practiced, most participants have not attended training programs,yet they express a desire for training in basic gardening techniques. Vocational training participation remains low, with tailoring and small business management being the most preferred training areas. However, those who have received training in agriculture, home gardening, and vocational skills report significant benefits, including improved income and livelihood conditions
Factors influencing Customer Buying Decision of Chubb Life Insurance Myanmar (CLIM) ( Khin Sandar Phyo Khine, 2025)
Get PDFThe study identifies the factors influencing consumer buying decision of Chubb
Life Insurance Myanmar. The factors are cultural, social, personal, psychological, and
product, place, price and promotion. The findings reveal that CLIM customer base is
primarily well-educated, middle to upper-middle-class individuals, aged 26-45, with a
strong focus on financial security, family welfare, and long-term planning. Key drivers
in decision-making include product simplicity, competitive pricing, and the alignment
of CLIM products with customers values and life goals. Furthermore, personal and
psychological factors of CLIM values with customers desires for financial security and
trust are found to be essential in fostering customer loyalty. The research underscores
the importance of a customer-centric approach, emphasizing the need for personalized
solutions and the strengthening of emotional connections between the company and its
clients. Based on these insights, the study recommends strategies for product
diversification, personalized solutions, competitive pricing, and enhanced post-buying
support to further strengthen CLIM market position and customer loyalty. The study
also point out areas for future research, including the influence of digital tools, customer
segmentation, industry trends, and cultural factors on customer behaviour, which could
provide valuable guidance for CLIM ongoing development and adaptation in a
competitive market
Risk Management Practices and Organizational Performance of KBZMS General Insurace Co.,Ltd ( Kyaw Zayar Linn, 2025)
Get PDFThis study attempts to analyze the effects of risk management practices on
organizational performance at KBZMS General Insurance Co., Ltd. The objective is
to identify how risk identification, risk assessment, risk mitigation, and risk
monitoring and control independent variables which influence organizational
performance of KBZMS General Insurance Co., Ltd. A quantitative research
approach was adopted by applying a simple random sampling method to collect data
from 108 operational-level employees. The study advises strengthening the company's
risk identification procedures. Furthermore, it is essential for the company to refine its
risk management practices by ensuring that all risks are assessed based on both their
likelihood and potential impact. It is also crucial to develop a more advanced system
for mitigation recommendations, establishing clear criteria for identifying and
addressing a variety of risks. Ongoing evaluations and enhancements of risk
management strategies will help ensure that the company remains prepared to tackle
emerging risks thereby protecting its profitability and long-term stability. This
research highlights the importance of integrating effective risk management practices
into daily operations to foster organizational performance
Customer Satisfaction of Motor Vehicle Insurance Product at KBZMS ( Kyi Thu, 2025)
Get PDFThis study examines the factors influencing customer satisfaction with motor
vehicle insurance product at KBZMS. The sample of 385 customers survey respondents
from 10,000 policyholders who are Motor policy holders and experienced claim at
KBZMS was selected through the Yamane (1967) sampling formula. Correlation
analysis highlights a positive relationship between all examined factors and customer
satisfaction, with communication showing the strongest influence. Multiple regression
analysis reveals that pricing, service quality, communication, and brand image have a
statistically significant positive effect on customer satisfaction, while claims processing
does not have a significant influence. Based on these insights, the study recommends
refining pricing strategies, enhancing service quality, strengthening communication
practices, improving brand positioning, and streamlining claims processing through
technology-driven solutions. These strategic improvements can further enhance
customer satisfaction, build trust, and reinforce the position of KBZMS as a leading
insurer in Myanma
Policyholder Satisfaction and Loyalty Towards Health Insurance Services of AIA Myanmar Co.,Ltd in Taunggyi ( Ni Ni Tun, 2025)
Get PDFThis study examines the factors influencing customer satisfaction and loyalty
toward health insurance services provided by AIA Myanmar in Taunggyi. This study
seeks to evaluate critical factors such corporate image, service quality, price, and
perceived value in influencing customer satisfaction and its resultant effect on customer
loyalty. A quantitative research methodology was utilized, employing a structured
questionnaire to collect data from 168 health insurance policyholders of AIA Myanmar
in Taunggyi. The study applied descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and multiple
regression analysis to evaluate the relationships between the variables. Research
demonstrates that service quality, pricing, and perceived value positively affect
customer happiness, with service quality and perceive
Socioeconomic Inequality in Food Purchasing Practices and Expenditure Patterns Among Household From Kyeemyindaing Township (Thida Soe, 2025)
Get PDFSocioeconomic inequalities affect the affordability, availability, and
accessibility of food, shaping purchase and expenditure patterns of households. This
study investigates socioeconomic disparities in food purchasing practices and
expenditure patterns among households. Through a descriptive survey method, data
were collected from 210 households of three wards in Kyeemyindaing Township and
analyzed by categorizing them into five income groups. This survey reveals that poorer
households have limited dietary variety, relying mainly on affordable staples like eggs
and pulses, while wealthier families enjoy more diverse diets with greater access to
meat, processed foods, and vitamin-rich produce. Food expenditure and purchasing
patterns show stark contrasts, with poorer families spending less and primarily buying
from local markets, whereas wealthier groups utilize supermarkets, restaurants, and
online platforms, reflecting economic barriers to food access. Income also shapes food
choice priorities and challenges: poorer households prioritize price and face issues like
high costs and limited availability, while wealthier households focus on nutrition and
convenience, highlighting significant disparities in food security and consumption.
These findings highlight the need for targeted policies to support low-income families
and improve food access and well-being