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Treatment of Domestic Water from Sagaing University Campus by Using Activated Biochar of Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) Stems
No full textThis research work was carried out to study the treatment of domestic water in Sagaing University Campus by using activated biochar from Leucaena Leucocephala (Lam.) (Baw-sa-gaing) stems. The sample of Leucaena Leucocephala (Lam.) (Baw-sa-gaing) stems was collected from Sagaing University Campus, Sagaing Township, Sagaing Region in May, 2024. The raw stem sample was activated by heat activation process. In the preparation of activated biochar, the optimum conditions were found to be as 400 ºC for 1 hour. The raw stem and activated biochar samples were qualitatively and quantitatively characterized by modern techniques such as EDXRF, FTIR, SEM, XRD and TGDTA. The water sample was collected from three different sites in Sagaing University Campus and analyzed. These water samples were treated with activated biochar by using filtration process. The physicochemical properties were investigated before and after treatment. The observed values of water samples were compared with allowable limit of water quality according to WHO standard
The Effect of Training and Development On Organizational Commitment At UAB Banks In Mandalay
No full textThis study aims to analyze the effect of training and development on organizational commitment at UAB banks in Mandalay. The quantitative research method and stratified random sampling method are used for this study. Primary data are collected from 140 out of 220 employees across 15 branches of UAB bank in Mandalay using structured questionnaires based on a seven-point Likert scale. Statistical analysis is conducted descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis. In this study, the independent variables are trainer’s capabilities, training facilities, objectives of training programs, and training contents and the dependent variable is organizational commitment. The findings reveal a significant positive relationship among four variables. It is found that trainer’s capabilities, training facilities, objectives of training programs, and training contents significantly influence organizational commitment. Among these factors, training contents demonstrated the highest positive impact on organizational commitment. Based on the findings, it is recommended that to make more effective training, internal training should be provided by trainers who are experts in their respective area. These trainers should possess a deep understanding of the subject matter they teach. They should be experts in their respective fields, capable not only of conveying information but also of mentoring unskilled employees into skilled employees
DETERMINANTS OF NUTRITIONAL STATUS AMONG CHILDREN UNDER FIVE IN RURAL AREAS OF MAGWAY TOWNSHIP
No full textThis study examines the determinants of nutritional status among children under five in rural areas of Magway Township, Myanmar, using cross-sectional survey with data from 276 children, collected through a multi-stage cluster sampling method. Anthropometric measurements and household surveys were analyzed through binary logistic regression to assess associations between socioeconomic, maternal, and childlevel factors and nutritional outcomes (stunting, wasting, underweight). The overall prevalence of stunting, wasting, and underweight was 20.3%, 11.2%, and 15.6%, respectively, classifying stunting and wasting as "High" public health concerns according to WHO standards. Key findings highlight that higher household income significantly reduced the risk of stunting and underweight, while maternal education, particularly middle school attainment, demonstrated protective effects against stunting. Maternal occupation in farming emerged as a risk factor for wasting, while children aged 12–23 months showed heightened vulnerability to stunting and underweight. Birth size was a consistent protective factor across all nutritional outcomes, with larger birth size associated with reduced undernutrition risk. Additionally, several factors showed significant associations with specific nutritional outcomes: maternal age (30-35 years) increased stunting and underweight risk; birth intervals of 24-47 months were associated with higher wasting prevalence; male children showed lower wasting risk compared to females; exclusive breastfeeding demonstrated protective effects against stunting; and recent fever episodes were associated with increased wasting risk. Recommendations include income support programs and community-based education initiatives. Further mixed-methods research is recommended to explore the quantitative findings in greater depth
ANALYSIS OF FACTORS AFFECTING ON LOSS OF FLOODING: CASE STUDY IN BAGO CITY
No full textFlooding is one of the most common and devastating natural disasters, impacting millions of lives and causing significant damage to the environment. The objectives of the study are to study the salient features and socio-economic factors for respondents in flooding and to analyze the effect of flooding loss on human life and environment in Bago city. The descriptive method is conducted to objective one and multiple regression analysis is used to analyze the effect of flooding on human life and environment in Bago city. The required sample sizes are 273 households of the 869 households who came to the relief center were selected as sample respondents by calculating with Yamane method. The simple random sampling method is used to select the sample households during January 2025. Most residents have lived in the area for extended periods, with over half of the houses aged one to ten years and lacking foundation drainage, contributing to frequent flooding up to three times annually with water levels rising to ten to fifteen feet and lasting fourteen to twenty days. According to the multiple regression analysis's outcomes, the environmental factor effects to be
the best indicator of flooding-related loss. While the impact on human life and health is obviously significant, the environmental impact is the most obvious and accurate measure of the overall financial, social, and environmental impact of floods. Local communities, residents, government and ministry, and other humanitarian NGOs should work collaboratively more than nowadays to ensure sustainable and effective flood protection by implementing and supporting methods in Bago city
Mapping the Terrain of Resilience in Teacher Education Research: A Bibliometric Analysis (1999–2023)
No full textPursuing sustainable growth is essential in light of the world's recent volatility and instability. Resilience—the key to sustainable development—has drawn increasing research interest in teacher education, and the substantial amount of research shows how complex, dynamic, and multidisciplinary the field is. Given the abundance of resilience studies with different research foci, a bibliometric study should be conducted to illustrate the comprehensive knowledge map of this broad and diverse field. The publication volume and trends, prominent research constituents, knowledge foundations, and research themes were explored, utilising Biblioshiny and VOSviewer, along with the dataset extracted from Web of Science (1999–2023). Findings highlight its excellent development prospects and evolution trajectory. Several implications for fostering and enhancing resilience were offered while illuminating areas of inquiry for future resilience researchers and bibliometric researchers
Parental hesitancy on COVID-19 vaccination of children under the age of 16: A cross-sectional mixed-methods study among factory workers
No full textBackground
Thanks to the development of COVID-19 vaccines, now they can be safely and effectively used to guard COVID-19 patients against severe illness, hospitalization, and even mortality. However, parents’ unwillingness to vaccinate their children depends on a large extent on factors beyond the availability of vaccines, and understanding the factors associated with parental vaccine hesitancy has become increasingly important to the development of the COVID-19 vaccine program. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the parental COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy to their children and its associated factors among factory workers in Myanmar.
Methods
A cross-sectional mixed-methods study was conducted as an explanatory sequential design, at Tri Star tyre factory (Ywar Ma), Yangon, Myanmar from August 2022 to February 2023. A total of 170 factory workers with children under the age of 16 participated in this study. The quantitative data were collected by the face-to-face interviews using a pretested structured questionnaire that included the Oxford COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy scale. Data were analyzed by using binary logistic regression to identify associated factors of parental hesitancy. Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was computed to determine the level of significance with a p value ≤ 0.05. A subsample of 6 participants from each “hesitant group” and “non-hesitant group” towards COVID-19 vaccination was interviewed by the individual in-depth-interview guide to provide the reasons for their willingness or unwillingness to vaccinate to their children. The thematic analysis was undertaken for the qualitative data.
Results
Among the total, 18.2% (95% CI: 12.7–24.9%) of the parents were hesitant to vaccinate their children against COVID-19 while 25.9% (95% CI: 19.5–33.1%) responded as unsure and 55.9% (95% CI: 48.1–63.5%) were non-hesitant for vaccination to their children. Male (AOR: 3.04, 95% CI: 1.35–6.84) and those who were not infected with SARS-CoV-2 (AOR: 2.66, 95% CI: 1.06–6.70) were significantly associated with parental COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. The most common reasons for the unwillingness to receive the COVID-19 vaccination to their children were too young for vaccination, concerns about the safety of the vaccines, uncertainty about the effectiveness of the vaccines, and lack of trust in the origin of the vaccines.
Conclusions
In this study, nearly one-fifth of the parents were hesitant to vaccinate their children against COVID-19. The findings of this study suggested that the government and healthcare professionals should provide health education about the importance of COVID-19 vaccination and the safety and efficacy of currently providing COVID-19 vaccines using mainstream media to improve the proportion of children getting vaccinated against COVID-19
Evaluating the introduction of workplace-based learning in a paediatric training programme: experience from Myanmar
No full textObjective: Workplace-based learning (WPBL) for postgraduate paediatricians is well-established in advanced health systems but less so in low-resource settings. We evaluate the first WPBL pilot undertaken in paediatrics in Myanmar.
Design: This cohort study assesses the implementation of WPBL among 85 postgraduate doctors from five medical universities in Myanmar.
Setting: In 2018, Myanmar’s paediatric medical leaders had outlined an ambitious plan to modernise learning at the postgraduate level through a multi-skilled in-situ approach. Supported by the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health (RCPCH, UK), a co-designed pilot programme of WPBL was trialled in a structured way.
Interventions: This pilot was Myanmar-led, with UK experts providing support to Myanmar supervisors and to the 85 paediatric postgraduate doctors whom they mentored. Progress was documented through a co-designed, standardised ‘portfolio of learning’ that included well-established WPBL strategies.
Main outcome measures: The quality of supervisor feedback in the portfolio to postgraduates was scored by independent assessors, as was the degree of completion of the portfolio, to determine adherence to the WPBL pilot objectives. Insights into the broader changes in practice resulting from the pilot were ascertained through a narrative commentary of moderated focus groups of both supervisors and postgraduates.
Results: 'Clinical' WPBL topics were more often chosen than ‘softer’ skill areas, for example, communication and leadership. Focus groups identified the benefits of a structured approach to learning, particularly in areas of weaker clinical performance. There were regional variations in how WPBL was delivered, with disparities between medical schools located in the north and those in the south, challenging WPBL standardisation.
Conclusions: Evidence on the impact of formalising WPBL in low-resource settings is minimal. This pilot demonstrates that setting up a WPBL programme is feasible in a low-resource setting, but it also presents challenges
KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE OF FIRE SAFETY PREPAREDNESS AMONG PEOPLE IN AUNGMYAYTHAZAN TOWNSHIP
No full textThis study investigates the knowledge, attitude and practice of fire safety preparedness among people in Aungmyaythazan Township. The objectives of the study are to study the implementation of fire safety preparedness programs in Myanmar and to analyse the knowledge, attitude and practice of fire safety preparedness among people in Aungmyaythazan Township. Both primary and secondary data were used in this study. The research was conducted survey on 400 respondents that were selected by using two-stage random sampling method through a papers, journals, and relevant websites. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square analysis were applied to assess the relationships among key variables. The findings reveal that most of respondents have good knowledge and two-thirds show a supportive attitude but only a small proportion have safe practice on fire safety preparedness.Furthermore, the relationship between knowledge, attitude and practice toward fire safety preparedness reveals a significant relationship between studied variables. The findings emphasize the need for awareness programs and educational campaigns that cover the knowledge gaps, encourage positive attitudes toward fire safety and strengthen preparedness and reduce risks associated with fire hazards
ASSESSING THE ROLE OF AUDITING IN PUBLIC SECTOR OF MYANMAR
No full textThis study examines the role of public sector auditing in enhancing good governance and public financial management in Myanmar. This study aims to analyze the role of auditing in enhancing accountability and transparency in the Myanmar Public Sector and to assess how to promote public financial management system. The research applies a Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) model to analyze the impact of four key variables, such as Accountability and Transparency, Laws and Regulations, Audit Efficiency, and Effectiveness of Audit on financial management practices. The sample size of 367 auditors represents 5 percent of the total population of 4523 auditors. However, due to the earthquake on March 28, responses are received from only 326 auditors. Additionally, secondary data from national audit reports and survey results were reviewed to support the analysis. The findings reveal that Audit Efficiency and
Effectiveness of Audit are the most significant predictors of improved public financial management, while Laws and Regulations also contribute moderately. Accountability and Transparency, although positively associated, do not show a statistically significant impact. The results underscore the importance of strengthening audit operations and institutional effectiveness to improve financial governance in the public sector of Myanmar
ASSESSING THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF VILLAGE DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (VDP) ON RURALDEVELOPMENT IN CHAUNG PAUK VILLAGE TRACT, SAGAING TOWNSHIP
No full textThis study investigated assessing the socio-economic impacts of Village Development Project (VDP) on rural development in Chaung Pauk village tract, Sagaing township. The village development approach empowers communities to create and implement their own Village Development Plans and Annual Village Investment Programmes (AVIP), focusing on local priorities while ensuring alignment with Township Development Plans to enhance coordination, resource use, and sustainable progress at both village and township levels. The objectives of the study are to investigate the socio-economic condition of households in Chaung Pauk Village Tract and to analyze the factors influencing on rural households' infrastructure development by Village Development Project (VDP). This study used both the primary and secondary data. The primary survey data was collected by using the cluster sampling method. The collected data from 150 households were analyzed by using multiple regression analysis. A study of 150 households in Pauk Taw Village found that middle-aged men are most active in development, trading is the main livelihood, education and agriculture significantly influence infrastructure development, while health and employment do not, and income strongly correlates with expenditure, reflecting improved socio-economic conditions through the VDP project. The study concludes that sustainable socio-economic development in Pauk
Taw Village depends on enhancing education, agriculture, trade, and employment through the Village Development Project (VDP), hile also promoting health services, vocational training, and digital access to empower youth and women, reduce economic dependence, and build a resilient, knowledge-based local economy