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A Study of Listening Comprehension Problems Encountered by Non-English Specialization Students at Yadanabon University
Full text linkListening is an important skill in both learning English and communicating in everyday life. Hearing is a word that does not mean comprehension or effective communication. Listening involves not only receiving the message but also understanding its meaning, empathizing with the speaker's perspective, and responding appropriately. It is one of the most fundamental parts of effective communication since it allows us to understand the world around us. When it comes to listening, students deal with numerous challenges, such as the speaker's accent, speed, pronunciation, and poor recording quality. The aim of the research is to study the listening challenges faced by Yadanabon University second-year (Semester II) students who do not specialize in English. In order to accomplish the study’s objective, the data collection was carried out by distributing questionnaires to the second-year (SII) Chemistry and Biochemistry students. The design of the questionnaires was adapted from Hamouda (2013). The majority of the respondents show that there are seven key perceptions as common barriers to enhancing their listening skills. These perceptions include listening materials, linguistic aspects, lack of concentration, speaker, listener, psychological category, and physical setting
Transformations of ASEAN and Myanmar
Full text linkOver fifty years long, ASEAN’s attitude has changed significantly from security place to peace and stability place, and from state-centered to people-centered by using the words democracy and human rights. These transformations of ASEAN have affected Myanmar. The purpose of this research is to highlight the movements of ASEAN and to ascertain the movements of ASEAN’s attitude toward Myanmar. To complement this purpose, the research question has arisen what transformations of ASEAN are and how the attitude of ASEAN has changed on Myanmar. By applying the qualitative and archival research methods, this research has come up with solution that as ASEAN has moved to the favour of security by enlarging organization and the people-centered ASEAN, its attitude has changed on Myanmar until it has refused to allow the Myanmar government to participate in summits and other meetings after the 2021 case. To get this argument, the research is examined four divided parts that are the transformations of ASEAN from enmity to amity, the ASEAN’s attitude on the entry of Myanmar, the transformations of the state-centered to people-centered ASEAN and the ASEAN’s attitude changes on Myanmar
Issues on Implementation of the Laws Relating to Conservation of Ancient Monuments in Mandalay City
Full text linkAncient Monument means every structure, monument, every cave, religious buildings and ancient city, bridge which is of historical, archaeological or artistic interest which has been in existence for not less than 100 years. Mandalay City is rich in historical cultural heritage and many ancient monuments that are beneficial to tourist industry. Ancient Monuments have faced many threats to its security, those which are environmental, like pollution and climate change, natural disasters as well as human-driven threats. The purposes of this research are to examine the implementation of the law and policy on protection and preservation of ancient monuments so as not to deteriorate due to natural disaster or man made destructions and to have public awareness of the high value of ancient monuments. This research examines the legal protections related to the issues of ancient monument conservation in conformity with the existing laws by the relevant Department of Archaeology and National Museum. Methodologically, this research is conducted by the qualitative research approaches which focus on analysis of the existing laws and data collection through in-depth interviews. This study concludes that in order to effectively protect and preserve of ancient monument, the existing laws need to be implemented effectively. Moreover, the necessary technology and human resources should be fulfilled to implement the law effectively. Government should undertake to promote the public awareness regarding the values of cultural heritage on different media such as social media, broadcast media and printed media
Case Study on Concurrent Jurisdiction in Internal Waters
Full text linkThe coastal State possesses full sovereignty over its internal waters as if they were part of its land territory. Coastal state have absolutely jurisdiction over foreign vessel in internal waters if it is prejudicial to the peace, good order or security of the coastal State but the jurisdiction in the internal water is exercised subject to United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 1982 as well as other rules of international law. A State is called flag State when the ship is registered in that country. Flag State have exclusively jurisdiction over a vessel that is registered with the State and flying its flag. When a foreign vessel enters into the port of the coastal State, it must comply the laws of the coastal State. In addition flag state can exercise jurisdiction over its ship. The key objective of this research is how to know about jurisdiction whether flag State or coastal State and there is no prohibition of concurrent jurisdiction under UNCLOS, and vessels therefore can be subject to the jurisdiction of State besides the flag State in certain circumstances, such as entering coastal State’s internal water. This research is to examine the cases related with internal waters, as well as the concurrent jurisdiction between the coastal State and flag State with the provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 1982 and other international laws. Furthermore this paper delineates different adjudicated cases in connection with their facts, issues, judgment and reasoning
A Study on Opportunities and Challenges of Workforce Mobility Under Employment Permit System (EPS) (Thazin Moe, 2025)
No full textThis study investigates the opportunities and challenges of Myanmar workforce
mobility under South Korea’s Employment Permit System (EPS). Using both
qualitative and quantitative approaches, this study combines secondary data from
official reports with a survey of 100 Myanmar returnees, analyzed using descriptive
statistics and a Five-Point Likert Scale. Secondary results show that EPS has expanded
Myanmar’s labor migration, with manufacturing as the primary sector and remittances
playing a vital role in household welfare and economic stability. The program also
enhances skill development, financial literacy, and intercultural awareness. However,
challenges still include job immobility, workplace hazards, language barriers,
discrimination, family separation, and weak reintegration support. Survey results reveal
that significant financial gains, improved living standards, and personal growth for
many returnees, but also reveal dissatisfaction with pre-departure training, high
migration costs, and limited recognition of overseas-acquired skills in Myanmar. The
study recommends enhancing training, improving skills recognition, and strengthening
reintegration programs to maximize the developmental impact of EPS migration
Factors Influencing on Health Seeking Behaviors of Local Migrant Workers in Shwe Pyi Ther Township (Aung Kyaw Min, 2025)
No full textThis study explores the health-seeking behavior of local migrant workers in
Shwe Pyi Thar Township, Yangon, an industrial area attracting rural migrants with
job opportunities and low-cost housing. Despite good access to healthcare facilities,
many migrants face financial barriers, leading them to rely on self-medication or
pharmacies for minor illnesses. A survey of 200 randomly selected workers revealed
that most were young, factory or informal workers with limited incomes. Preventive
healthcare use was low, and traditional beliefs like astrology and protective charms
remained common. Awareness and enrollment in health insurance and social security
programs were limited. Although attitudes toward modern healthcare were generally
positive, challenges such as cost, lack of information, and limited support reduced
healthcare utilization. The study emphasizes the need for improved health education,
affordable medical services, and inclusive healthcare policies to enhance the well
being of migrant workers in urban industrial zones
FACTORS INFLUENCING THE ADOPTION OF DIGITAL PLATFORMS BY SMES IN BANGKOK
No full textThis research examines factors influencing digital platform adoption among small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Bangkok, Thailand, utilizing an integrated theoretical approach that extends the Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) framework with individual factors and incorporates Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) constructs. The study employs a descriptive research design using structured questionnaires distributed to 200 business leaders across diverse sectors. A stratified sampling method was used to ensure proportional representation of SMEs from each sector, enhancing the generalizability of the findings. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS, incorporating descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, and multiple regression. Findings reveal individual factors as the strongest factors of digital platform adoption, with business leaders' innovativeness, IT knowledge, and risk management capabilities as critical determinants. Technological factors show the second-highest influence, driven by perceived usefulness and ease of use (core TAM constructs) along with compatibility. Environmental factors demonstrate a significant positive impact through customer and competitive pressures, while organizational factors, though statistically significant, show the lowest influence. The study's primary theoretical contribution is the development of an integrated framework combining TOE's contextual approach with TAM's technology-specific insights, while extending both to include individual factors as a fourth dimension. This creates an enhanced TOE-I framework incorporating TAM's perceived usefulness and ease of use within the technological dimension, addressing gaps in traditional organizational theories by recognizing digital transformation's human-centric nature in SME contexts where individual decision-makers wield substantial influence. Practical implications suggest
SMEs should prioritize individual capacity building and digital literacy alongside technological investments. Technology providers should enhance user experience design for SME contexts while developing cost-effective, compatibility-focused solutions. The government should establish digital literacy programs for SME leaders and create supportive digital infrastructure. The study concludes that successful digital platform adoption requires comprehensive approaches addressing all four dimensions of the integrated TOE-I framework with TAM constructs, emphasizing individual capability development and innovation-oriented cultures
THE IMPACT OF MARKETING MIX ON CUSTOMER SATISFACTION OF LOTTERIA FAST FOOD IN MAWLAMYINE
No full textThis study examines the impact of the marketing mix on customer satisfaction at Lotteria fast food in Mawlamyine. The research focuses on seven core dimensions of marketing mix: product, price, place, promotion, people, process and physical evidence. Initially, data were gathered from 200 customers from Lotteria Fast Food patrons in Mawlamyine by using a systematic sampling method. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 25, employing descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analysis. The findings showed that physical evidence, people, process, and price have a positive and statistically significant impact on customer satisfaction. These results suggest that Lotteria should prioritize investments in the tangible and experiential aspects of its service. However, the results indicated that product, place, and promotion were not statistically significant predictors of customer satisfaction. This suggests that while customers have a favorable opinion of the product itself, variations in product perception do not currently translate into higher or lower satisfaction scores. By focusing on the core drivers of satisfaction
identified in this study, Lotteria can build a more robust strategy to convert infrequent visitors into loyal patrons
Applications of Homotopy Analysis Method to Seventh Order Differential Equations
No full textIn this paper, solving seventh order differential equations by using homotopy analysis method with examples is expressed. Firstly, the definitions and example of homotopy are studied. And then, the basic ideas of homotopy analysis method are described. Finally, the seventh order differential equations are solved by using homotopy analysis method with examples
Nutritional Composition, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Three Fruit Honey Mixes
No full textFruits and honey combine to make a delicious and nourishing concoction that has several health and well-being advantages. This study assessed the nutritional content of three fruit-honey mixes- Zee-byu Honey (ZPH), Phan-kha Honey (PKH), and Thit-seint Honey (TSH)- that were gathered at a local market. The pH value of fruit honey mixes was determined based on ASTM standard. In addition, the total phenolic content, vitamin C content, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities were also evaluated. Nutrient value has been found as 74.24, 91.83 and 47.74 % of moisture, 0.02, 0.06 and 0.23 % of crude fat, 0.19, 0.32 and 0.89 % of protein, 0.02, 0.04 and 0.01 % of dietary fiber, 49.60, 7.03 and 1.52 % of ash, and 100.58, 29.74 and 205.80 kcal/100 g based on ZPH, PKH and TSH samples, respectively. The highest total phenolic and vitamin C content were recorded in TSH (10189.87 mg GAE/L of sample and 661.20 mg/100mL) followed by PKH (6646.76 mg GAE/L of sample and 195.36 mg/100mL) and ZPH (5158.76 mg GAE/L of sample and 63.85 mg/100mL). The three fruit honey mixes evaluated managed to stabilize the radicals evaluated; however, the lowest IC50 was found for TSH (383.76 μg/mL). In addition, the results showed that PKH was the most effective as antimicrobials, with high inhibition zone diameter against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans. TSH was also effective for all tested organisms except Candida albicans. However, ZPH possess the activity against only Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus. From these results, these three fruit honey mixes possess nutrients and could be the source of effective antioxidant and antimicrobial agents