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Association between matrix metalloproteinase-9 polymorphism and the risk of preeclampsia: Evidence from an updated meta-analysis
No full textBackground: Preeclampsia (PE), a prevalent form of hypertension disorder of pregnancy, is diagnosed by an elevation in hypertension coexistence with proteinuria. Several studies examined the impact of MMP-9–1562 (matrix metalloproteinase) polymorphism on PE risk in different countries; however, results were inconsistent.
Objective: The aim of this meta-analysis was to explore the association between MMP-9–1562 polymorphism and PE susceptibility.
Materials and Methods: To carry out the current meta-analysis study, eligible research was identified through databases such as Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar. Eligible studies were defined as case-control or cohort studies to examine the role of MMP-9–1562 polymorphism on PE development, with access to information on genotype frequencies in both cases and controls. For data analysis, the MetaGenyo web tool was used.
Results: Findings indicated that the MMP-9–1562 variant is correlated with an increased risk of PE in dominant, overdominant, and codominant heterozygous models. Subgroup analysis by ethnicity showed the elevated risk of PE in the Brazilian ethnicity in overdominant and codominant heterozygous models. Heterogeneity was observed between studies in allelic, dominant, overdominant, and codominant heterozygous genetic models.
Conclusion: This meta-analysis disclosed that MMP-9-rs3918242 may affect susceptibility to PE
Anti-Müllerian Hormone Gene Polymorphisms: Global Perspectives and Arab Population Insights
No full textIntroduction: Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) gene polymorphisms significantly impact ovarian function, follicular development, and fertility outcomes. This review explores the global distribution of AMH gene polymorphisms, emphasizing unique genetic patterns in Arab populations due to high genetic diversity and consanguinity.
Methods: The review examines methodologies such as genetic analysis and hormone level measurement, along with their application in understanding AMH polymorphisms. It integrates findings from diverse populations to explore genetic, hormonal, and clinical correlations.
Results: Findings indicate a distinct distribution of AMH gene polymorphisms in Arab countries. These polymorphisms are associated with variations in hormonal profiles, ovarian reserve, and reproductive outcomes, particularly in assisted reproductive technologies (ART).
Conclusion: AMH gene polymorphisms have profound implications for reproductive health and fertility treatments. Tailored research addressing genetic, environmental, and socioeconomic factors is essential to understanding these polymorphisms and their interactions. This review underscores the importance of genetic screening and highlights potential advancements in personalized medicine and fertility care
Neuraltherapeutic Medicinal Approach to Managing Post-acute Coronavirus Disease 2019 Syndrome: Case Report
No full textIntroduction: Neuraltherapeutic Medicine (NTM), also known as Neural Therapy, is thought to exert modulatory effects on nonspecific responses through stimuli to the psychoneuroimmunoendocrine system, enhancing the system’s self-regulatory and adaptive capacities and increasing its resilience to stress that triggers specific pathophysiological events. Various studies have highlighted the potential of NTM in managing inflammatory conditions.
Case Report: This case report presents the clinical course of a 37-year-old male patient treated at a Neuraltherapeutic Medicine service in a public hospital for persistent symptoms following a course of coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) infection, diagnosed as post-acute coronavirus 2019 syndrome (PACS) based on his ongoing symptoms and a retrospective review of his medical records. The patient received four neuraltherapeutic sessions over a period of 60 days and showed satisfactory clinical improvement during a 22-month follow-up.
Conclusion: This case highlights the potential role of Neuraltherapeutic Medicine in addressing persistent sequelae of COVID-19 infection. While the results are promising, further research is necessary to establish its effectiveness and safety in this patient population
The Role of Teachers in Environmental Education: From Attitude to Practical Action in Reducing Energy Consumption and Managing Waste
No full textEnvironmental protection has become one of the world’s top priorities. The increasing consumption of natural resources and the overproduction of waste have become serious threats to human health and the balance of ecosystems. Schools, as key educational institutions, play an essential role in raising a generation that is aware of and responsible for environmental issues. Teachers, as role models for students, can lead the way by teaching and promoting a culture of energy saving and proper waste management. This makes them central figures in shaping students’ sustainable behaviors. In this study, the awareness, attitudes, and practical actions of teachers regarding energy consumption reduction and waste management were assessed. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire, whose validity and reliability were confirmed by expert reviews and statistical tests. A total of 39 teachers from different educational levels participated in the study. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Spearman correlation analysis. The results showed that female teachers had more positive attitudes toward environmental issues compared to male teachers. In addition, teachers with more years of teaching experience were more active in practical environmental actions. A significant positive correlation was found between teachers’ environmental awareness and their real-life behavior. However, the study also revealed a noticeable gap between teachers’ positive attitudes and their actual environmental actions. This gap is likely due to structural limitations and a lack of resources. This research highlights the need for targeted training programs and institutional support to strengthen the role of teachers in environmental education. The findings can help policymakers and school administrators design effective programs to improve environmental practices in schools
Evolution of the Legal Principles of Environmental Law: Specification on Climate Change and Biodiversity
No full textThe presentation starts with the idea that there is something going on with environmental principles and environmental legal reasoning, also in relation to the more general discussion about the importance of legal principles in law. These analyses of legislative principles established that though the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) has the potential to be applied successfully to preserve the world’s natural resources, its comprehensiveness waters down its obligations and complicates its implementation. Specifically, for instance, its requirements for in-situ conservation of resources are impeded by a lack of sufficient demarcation of the world’s protected areas. Again, its provisions recognize, but do not give clear-cut provisions on how, as part of biodiversity preservation, to protect indigenous traditions and traditional agriculture from the uncontrolled spread of LMOs. Finally, the discussion points out that the financial, technical, and institutional resources needed to carry out CBD obligations pose great challenges to States like Mexico that do not command good reserves of these resources
Climate Crisis and Biodiversity: A Study on the Loss of Habitat and Endemic Species
No full textThe climate crisis and biodiversity loss are two interrelated global challenges that have serious implications for species survival, particularly endemic species with limited distribution ranges. Changes in temperature, rainfall patterns, and rising sea levels have accelerated the degradation of natural habitats, especially in mega biodiversity regions like Indonesia. Endemic species such as the anoa, bird of paradise, and various amphibian species now face increasingly complex ecological pressures due to habitat fragmentation, deforestation, and climate disasters. This study employs a descriptive-analytical qualitative approach, integrating ecological, climatic, and environmental legal perspectives. The findings reveal that the climate crisis has disrupted species’ life cycles, geographical distribution, and adaptive capacity. Key challenges in biodiversity conservation include data limitations, weak policy coordination, insufficient funding, and economic pressures on local communities. In response, adaptation strategies through community-based conservation, the use of monitoring technology, and increased environmental literacy are key to strengthening ecosystem resilience. This study recommends science-based multi-stakeholder synergy, community participation, and ecological justice in responding to the climate crisis and preserving endemic species in Indonesia
Maintaining Environmental Justice, Human Rights, and Climate Law to Protect Vulnerable Communities: Case Study of Nickel Mining Impacts in Central Halmahera, North Maluku
No full textNickel mining in Central Halmahera is one of the implementations of the government’s downstream program based on Law No. 20 of 2024 concerning minerals and coal to increase the added value of the Indonesian economy. On the other hand, this mining exploration leaves behind a detrimental impact on the ecosystem and its biological resources, including vulnerable communities within it. The results of the Nexus3 Foundation’s research in 2024 proved that the water quality in the Akejira area was not suitable for consumption by the public. Four fish samples were declared to have arsenic content exceeding the maximum contamination limit of 2mg/kg, while seven other fish samples contained arsenic levels in the range of 1-2 mg/kg. There were 22 individuals (47%) who had mercury levels of 9μg, and 15 individuals (32%) had arsenic levels of 12 μg/L. The conclusion shows that nickel mining in Central Halmahera has caused deforestation in Central Halmahera by 13%, thus disrupting the environmental balance, causing damage to clean water sources, biological resources, economic impacts, health, human rights, and climate law on vulnerable communities. The government needs to regulate deforestation and reforestation policies, the need for strict law enforcement against nickel mining companies that violate environmental operational procedure standards, and protect vulnerable communities around mining sites so that they can continue to obtain economic, health, legal, social, and human rights
Substantive Justice in Enforcing Environmental and Plantation Criminal Law in Indonesia
No full textThe enforcement of criminal law in Indonesia’s environmental and plantation sectors often fails to uphold the principle of substantive justice. Despite existing legal frameworks that regulate environmental protection and community rights, implementation faces significant challenges, such as weak sanctions for corporate offenders, conflicts of interest, and injustices toward indigenous communities. This paper analyzes the application of substantive justice in environmental criminal law enforcement through a normative and sociological legal approach, supported by case studies such as forest fires and indigenous land encroachment. The findings emphasize the need for regulatory reform, institutional strengthening, recognition of indigenous rights, and active participation of civil society in legal oversight. Policy recommendations include legal harmonization, restorative-based sanctions, and preventive approaches to achieve sustainable ecological justice
Protection of Hki Sui Generis Traditional Knowledge and Farmer Rights: A Legal Reform Model for Plant Variety Protection in Indonesia
No full textTraditional knowledge (TK) and farmer’s rights are essential components of intellectual capital that support sustainable economic development and equitable welfare. This research analyzes the extent to which current legal frameworks, especially the law on the patent and the law on the Protection of Plant Varieties (PVT), adequately protect TK and farmer rights. Employing a normative-juridical and comparative legal method, the study formulates a sui generis legal regime model to ensure comprehensive protection for both. The result is a proposed legal structure that integrates communal rights and biodiversity preservation, in contrast to the individualistic approach of existing law. This regime is more suitable for Indonesia’s agrarian society and aligns with both local customs and international obligations
A New Paradigm of Corporate Law in Responding to the Challenges of Climate Change and Biodiversity Extinction
No full textThe corporate legal framework centered on shareholder primacy and profit maximization has shown its insufficiency in addressing the issues posed by climate change and biodiversity loss, which increasingly jeopardize the planet’s sustainability. This study seeks to reconstitute the corporate law paradigm based on the tenets of ecological justice and the environmental, social, and governance (ESG) framework as a revolutionary initiative towards a more adaptable and sustainable legal structure. This paper employs a normative and conceptual legal method to analyze regulatory deficiencies and disparities within the Indonesian legal system, focusing on the inadequate ecological accountability of companies and the contradictions in policy shown in the Job Creation Law. The study’s findings indicate that significant amendments to the Limited Liability Company Law are necessary, alongside the introduction of new regulations that position ESG as a mandatory legal standard, to enhance corporate accountability for environmental harm and infringements on the rights of indigenous populations. This study provides an institutional framework for participative and ecologically fair ESG oversight, serving as a foundation for prospective reforms in Indonesian company law