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The Impact of Tobacco Control Interventions on Health Literacy in University Setting: A Systematic Review
No full textBackground: Tobacco used among students is a major public health concern. Therefore, this study aimed to systematically review health literacy and strategic communication that are relevant adolescent tobacco use and its context and investigate their impact on health promotion.
Methods: A systematic review were conducted using articles retrieved from databases including Science Direct, Scopus, and PubMed, between January 15, 2022 and January 20, 2026 in English to summarise health to promote tobacco use among adolescence. The inclusion criteria included all types of primary studies involving adolescents that addressed tobacco use through health literacy and/or strategic communication approaches, including policies, programs, or interventions related to tobacco use prevention or reduction, published since 2022.
Results: A total of 8 studies met inclusionary criteria using PRISMA guidelines. Studies investigated the relationship between health literacy and strategic communication to promote adolescent tobacco use.
Conclusion: This systematic review reveals that health literacy and strategic communication play a crucial role in adolescent tobacco use. Integrated, age-appropriate, and multifaceted communication strategies are effective in improving knowledge, shaping attitudes, and reducing susceptibility to tobacco use. Incorporating health literacy and strategic communication into tobacco use policies and programs is essential to achieve sustainable prevention among adolescents
A Pilot Study of Selective Conscription Effects: Interview Evidence from Ethnic Minority Women in Israel
No full textWhat are the consequences of conscription exemption in contexts where military service is the norm? Military service plays a central role in shaping individuals’ relationships to politics, society, and the state. This effect is especially pronounced among ethnic minority veterans, suggesting that the experience carries different significance across identity groups and may have distinct consequences for those excluded due to their ethnicity and/or gender. This pilot study explores the implications of non-service for ethnic minority Circassian and Druze women in Israel. The exploratory findings suggest consequences for their political interest, participation, identity, and perceptions of inequality, shaped through economic, linguistic, skill-based, and social mechanisms. The study also implies the role of alternative/national service in mitigating the identified effects
Engaging Older Adults Living with Frailty in Participatory Research: A Scoping Review Protocol
No full textThis registration documents the finalized protocol for a completed scoping review. An earlier preregistration (OSF DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/Z8DPG) was created during the initial planning of a broader project, which originally conceptualized the current study as a rapid review. As the project scope evolved, and based on insights from a preliminary search of the literature, the methodology was revised to a scoping review prior to study selection to better align with the study’s aims. This registration provides a clean, internally consistent public record that corresponds to the methods implemented, while preserving the original preregistration for transparency.
This review examined how older adults living with physical, cognitive, or social frailty are engaged across different stages of the research process. The review mapped engagement approaches, characterized how and when older adults living with frailty contributed to research activities, and synthesized reported participatory outcomes. Findings highlighted strengths, gaps, and opportunities for improving participatory and community based research methods, with the aim of supporting more meaningful, relevant, and responsive involvement of older adults living with frailty
Modeling cognitive reappraisal using model-based RL
No full textCognitive reappraisal is a fundamental emotion regulation strategy that involves changing the way one interprets a situation to alter its emotional impact. While typically assessed via self-report measures, this study seeks to operationalize reappraisal computationally via model-based reinforcement learning. This cognitive mechanism allows an individual to update the value of an antecedent state based on changes to downstream outcomes without requiring direct experience, effectively mirroring the "re-thinking" process central to successful emotion regulation.
The study employs a web-based sequential decision-making paradigm, programmed in HTML5 and JavaScript with a Firebase backend, designed to assess this model-based learning and value updating. The task centers on a two-step state-space map where participants navigate between abstract visual stimuli using keyboard inputs, specifically the left and right arrow keys. Each trial begins at an Initial state (a gray Circle) and transitions to one of two Middle states. a magenta Feather or a blue Triangle. before ending at one of four Terminal states (green Square, yellow Lamp, orange Amphora, or red Cloud). The transitions from the Initial state to the Middle states are deterministic, where a left key press reliably leads to the Feather and a right key press reliably leads to the Triangle. However, the transitions from the Middle states to the Terminal states are probabilistic; specific actions generally lead to specific Terminal outcomes (75% common) but occasionally result in the alternative outcome associated with that Middle state (25% rare).
The experimental session begins with the Structure Learning phase, where participants navigate 32 forced-choice trials to build a cognitive map of these transitions without any associated rewards or punishments. Immediately following this acquisition period, participants undergo a Structure Test, a six-item multiple-choice quiz asking them to identify the usual outcome of specific state-action pairs (e.g., "If you press Left at the Feather, where do you usually go?"). Strict accuracy criteria are enforced here; participants must score 100% (6/6) to proceed. If they fail, they are automatically routed to a remedial phase consisting of 10 additional practice trials followed by a re-test, ensuring all participants possess a functional model of the state space before values are introduced.
Once the structure is mastered, the task progresses to the Value Learning phase, comprising 20 trials (mostly forced, with minor free-choice elements) where reward contingencies are introduced to the Middle states. Specifically, reaching the Feather yields a reward of +5 points, while reaching the Triangle results in a punishment of -5 points, with feedback displayed immediately upon entering the state. To establish a baseline for subjective valuation after this conditioning, participants complete the first Rating phase, utilizing a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) to rate their feelings toward the Feather and Triangle states on a spectrum from 0 (Very Bad) to 100 (Very Good).
Subsequently, the experiment assesses model-based revaluation, which we believe is a component processes involved in daily-life cognitive reappraisal. Model-based revaluation involves updating the value of an antecedent state (Middle State) based on changes in the value of its downstream consequences (Terminal States), rather than direct reinforcement. This is initiated through a "Structure Update" screen (Revaluation 1), which passively informs participants that the Terminal states have changed values: the Square (previously neutral) is now worth -12 points, and the Cloud is now worth +12 points. This creates a value conflict, as the previously rewarding Feather pathway now leads to a high punishment, and the previously punishing Triangle pathway leads to a high reward. Participants then immediately complete a decision probe (Query 1) consisting of binary choices between the Middle states and fixed options.
Upon completing the behavioral task, participants answer three self-report questionnaires: the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) to measure reappraisal and suppression strategies, a trait anxiety inventory focusing on worry and overwhelming thoughts, and a physiological anxiety symptom checklist. We hypothesize that effective reappraisers will calculate the optimal Expected Value (EV) of each state by planning their next move to maximize reward generally across revaluation queries. Our power analysis is based on this main hypothesis: that individual differences in self-reported Reappraisal (ERQ scores) will correlate with performance on these queries (expected r=0.225, one-tailed, 80% power; corrected for 2 tests (p-value=0.025)). We also also test relations between worry and poor revaluation. Importantly both tests are based on choice behavior (choices between states, NOT the ratings of how valuable states are). We believe individuals with worry will too easily reevaluate positive states to negative states (1 query) and take longer to reevaluate negative states that turn positive. We believe these effects will be in the medium range (0.2-0.3) and thus are over 80% powered (again corrected for 2 tests (p-value=0.025)). Note both tests are directional and corrected for multiple comparisons
Word Association Test (WAT) Response Dataset of Intermediate Chinese Learners, Advanced Chinese Learners, and Native Speakers
No full text
On the Proximity of Cosmic Mass–Radius Ratios to Black Hole Limits
No full textThis project explores the conceptual and mathematical limitations of applying Schwarzschild-based mass–radius criteria to ordinary cosmic objects. The work emphasizes the distinction between mathematically valid reformulations and physically meaningful interpretations, using Newtonian and relativistic reasoning. This project represents an independent, exploratory preprint intended for conceptual clarity and pedagogical analysis
Social stigma and its consequences
No full textThis year, I was very interested in the concept of stigmatization. Stigmatization is the imposition of negative labels on a person or group of people by society, accompanied by attribution of negative qualities or stereotypes that do not always correspond to reality, and based on this, the creation of discriminatory attitudes and social exclusion for them. I really wanted to help our society become more tolerant and independent. This phenomenon has very deep roots in society and affects a large number of aspects in our lives. Stigmatization also changes a person very much. It can lower his self-esteem, worsen his quality of life and social skills. In the context of globalization and social change, the problem of stigmatization is becoming particularly relevant. A huge amount of research has shown that stigmatization really strongly affects our society, which may further motivate us to minimize it. In various articles and books, I found a large number of facts and interesting information that helped me understand this topic. They were written by professionals and people interested in eliminating this social problem. After gaining a lot of experience, I want to share my knowledge with you, because stigmatization is a crucial phenomenon for our society, which we need to deal with and not ignore this problem, understanding how it affects other people.
I will also conduct a study, after which I will be able to assess the impact of this social phenomenon on people depending on age and gender
Axiomatische Rekursions-Extraktion (ARE) – Ein metatheoretisches Framework zur universellen Kausalitäts-Validierung
No full textProject Ouroboros presents a fundamental shift from probabilistic to deterministic computational logic. This repository hosts the mathematical framework for the Axiomatic Reality Engine (ARE), achieving O(1) constant-time complexity for hyper-scale data systems.
# Axiomatic Reality Engine (ARE) – Technical Overview
## Objective
The objective of Project Ouroboros is to overcome the limitations of O(n) and O(log n) scaling in massive data environments. By utilizing the **ARE-Logic**, we enable constant-time verification and retrieval independent of dataset volume.
## Core Axioms
1. **The κ-Invariant:** Implementation of the mathematical constant κ = 1.000 as a static anchor for the 4x4 Housing Grid.
2. **Deterministic Data Resurrection (DDR):** A proprietary module for bit-perfect state reconstruction.
3. **Entropy Inversion:** Controlled state restoration using the governing formula:
ΔS(Cs) = -λ(Cs - 0.85)
## Commercial Status
This project is currently available for **Strategic Acquisition and Licensing**. We provide ready-to-integrate IP for high-performance computing, large-scale simulations, and secure data infrastructures.
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*Confidentiality Notice: Deep-level mathematical proofs and raw source code fragments are stored in private components and are available only upon request via View-only Links.*
Zusammenfassung des Frameworks:
Die vorliegende Arbeit stellt die „Axiomatische Rekursions-Extraktion“ (ARE) vor – ein meta-logisches Werkzeug zur Dekonstruktion und Validierung komplexer Kausal-Systeme. Basierend auf den ungelösten Fragen der einheitlichen Feldtheorie Einsteins sowie der modernen Informationstheorie, liefert ARE fünf universelle Axiome, die als Filter für die Stabilität von Realitäts-Modellen dienen.
Das Framework beweist, dass Information die fundamentale Ebene der physikalischen Existenz darstellt („It from Bit“) und liefert eine mathematisch-logische Struktur, um entropische Zerfallsprozesse und Beobachter-Interferenzen in simulierten Umgebungen präzise zu steuern. Ziel dieser Veröffentlichung ist die Sicherung der ontologischen Primär-Logik für zukünftige Anwendungen in der Systemforschung und dezentralen Ökosystemen
