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Bayesian Aiken’s V: Credibility Intervals and Probabilistic Rules for Content Validity
No full textPanels assembled to judge content validity seldom exceed seven members. The statistical apparatus available for these ratings, however, developed largely without small samples in mind. This paper introduces a Bayesian formulation of the Aiken V coefficient that rests on Dirichlet-Multinomial assumptions. One expert rating an item produces one categorical datum, nothing else. The Beta-Binomial alternative, examined below for comparison, converts each rating into multiple pseudo-observations by treating scale increments as if they were independent binary trials. Simulation experiments across 500 replications suggest that Dirichlet credible intervals track nominal coverage more closely when panels number fewer than seven, though at the cost of wider intervals. Conditions favoring each approach are laid out, R code is supplied, and reporting conventions foregrounding uncertainty in validity decisions are proposed
Effectiveness of Stepped Care Psychological Interventions in Children and Adolescents: A Meta-Analytic Review
No full textStepped care has been proposed as an efficient and scalable framework for delivering pediatric psychotherapy. This meta-analysis examined the effectiveness, generalizability, and implementation characteristics of stepped care interventions for the prevention and treatment of mental health problems in children and adolescents. Across included studies, stepped care interventions demonstrated large significant overall pre–post improvements in health outcomes (d = 1.22, 95% CI [0.944; 1.50]). When compared with control conditions effects were small and non-significant (d = 0.09, 95% CI [-0.133; 0.313]) suggesting that stepped care yields outcomes comparable to standard care including intensive treatments rather than superior clinical effects. Moderator analyses indicated that stepped care effects were largely consistent across patient characteristics, outcomes and methodological qualities. Importantly, stepped care interventions were associated with significantly lower costs compared to control conditions, highlighting their economic advantage. Most studies combined relatively intensive steps, with limited use of self-directed, low-intensity, scalable interventions as initial treatment components. Stepping decisions were primarily based on disorder-specific symptom measures, although some studies incorporated shared decision-making involving clinicians, patients, and families. Exploratory analyses revealed that approximately 46% of the patients transitioned from the initial step, independent of age, and timing of the decision point. Overall, outcomes of stepped care in pediatric psychotherapy appear clinically comparable to usual care while offering substantial cost benefits. The findings support its promise as an efficient service delivery model while underscoring the need for further research on potential barriers and optimal implementation strategies in clinical practice
A Review of Response Pathways and Workflow Integration Scope in Digital Intelligence Platforms for Breast Cancer Symptom Management
No full textNurse- and Midwife-Led Antimicrobial Stewardship Interventions in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review Protocol
No full textBackground: Antimicrobial resistance poses a major global health threat. Low- and middle-income countries are disproportionately affected due to high infectious disease burden, limited diagnostic capacity, and weak antimicrobial stewardship systems. Nurses and midwives constitute the largest proportion of the healthcare workforce and play critical roles in antimicrobial use, infection prevention, and patient education. However, evidence on nurse- and midwife-led antimicrobial stewardship interventions in low and middle income countries has not been systematically synthesized. Objective: This systematic review aims to identify, appraise, and synthesize evidence on nurse- and midwife-led antimicrobial stewardship interventions in low and middle income countries, focusing on intervention characteristics, effectiveness, outcomes, and implementation facilitators and barriers. Methods: This protocol follows the PRISMA-P 2015 guidelines. The completed systematic review will adhere to PRISMA 2020 reporting standards. A systematic search will be conducted in MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Global Index Medicus, with no date restrictions. Eligible studies will include empirical research reporting nurse- or midwife-led antimicrobial stewardship interventions implemented in low and middle income countries. Outcomes of interest include appropriateness of antimicrobial prescribing, antibiotic consumption, patient outcomes, and implementation-related measures. Study selection, data extraction, and risk-of-bias assessment will be conducted using standardized tools, including ROBINS-I and CASP, as appropriate. Due to anticipated heterogeneity, findings will be synthesized narratively. Ethics and Dissemination: Ethical approval is not required as this review will use published data only. Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publication and academic and policy forums to inform antimicrobial stewardship practice, policy, and future research in resource-limited settings
Mapping Preservice Teachers’ AI Competence in Higher Education: A Critical Scoping Review (2015–2025)
No full textThis registration documents a critical scoping review of empirical research on preservice teachers’ AI-related competence in higher education and initial teacher education (ITE) programmes between 2015 and 2025. The project follows the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) to systematically identify, screen, and synthesise studies from Scopus and Web of Science that examine how preservice teachers’ AI literacy, AI readiness, AI‑TPACK/Intelligent‑TPACK, and Generative AI practices are conceptualised and assessed.
The review has three main aims:
to map the contextual and methodological landscape of this literature (countries, disciplines, research designs);
to identify and compare the dominant competence constructs and reported levels of preservice teachers’ AI competence; and
to analyse the instruments and assessment approaches used, including their psychometric and methodological strengths and limitations.
Beyond cataloguing existing work, the review adopts a critical stance on current reliance on self-report measures, the paradox between high perceived readiness and limited technical/pedagogical integration skills, and the implications of infrastructure inequalities and Global South contexts for defining and measuring AI competence. The expected outcomes include:
a structured map of 2023–2025 empirical studies on preservice teachers’ AI competence;
a set of four thematic clusters (AI literacy foundations, readiness/intention/anxiety, Intelligent‑TPACK, and GenAI-based interventions); and
a set of design principles for future AI competence frameworks and assessment tools in teacher education (e.g., integrating performance-based tasks, learning analytics, and context-sensitive indicators).
The registration covers the search strategy, eligibility criteria, screening decisions, data extraction schema, and planned analytic approach, and will be linked to anonymised extraction matrices and, when available, a preprint of the full manuscript
Preservice Teachers' AI Competence, Readiness, and Intelligent-TPACK in Higher Education: A Scoping Review
No full textvisTacMotionFoR-fMRI
No full textInvestigating the representation of visual and tactile motion directions across different hand posture
Dynamic Matrix Logic: A Path-Dependent Framework for Structured Approximation and System Diversity
No full textDynamic Matrix Logic (DML) is proposed as a conceptual framework for describing how identical target states can be reached through multiple distinct pathways. Rather than focusing solely on final outcomes, DML emphasizes path dependence as a primary source of structural variation
Wir gegen den Stress? Dyadisches Coping, Responsivität und die Rolle der Sprache eines Paares in einer Traurigkeitssituation
No full textDie vorliegende Bachelorarbeit nutzt ein querschnittliches Korrelationsdesign. Grundlage sind Daten aus dem Projekt „Paare reden“, einer Laborstudie zur interpersonellen Emotionsregulation an der Technischen Universität Dresden und der Evangelischen Hochschule Dresden.
Theoretische Einbettung:
Theoretische Grundlage der vorliegenden Studie ist das Vulnerability-Stress-Adaptation-Modell (VSA; Karney & Bradbury, 1995). Das Modell beschreibt, wie individuelle Vulnerabilitäten, externe Stressoren und dyadische Adaptationsprozesse gemeinsam die Beziehungsqualität und -stabilität beeinflussen. In diesem theoretischen Rahmen gelten Coping-Prozesse als zentrale Mechanismen der Adaptation. Sie bestimmen, wie Partnerinnen und Partner auf Belastungen reagieren, gegenseitige Unterstützung leisten und emotionale Nähe aufrechterhalten.
Coping umfasst alle bewussten und unbewussten Strategien zur Bewältigung von in-ternen und externen Stressoren und damit zusammenhängenden Situationen (Algorani & Gupta, 2023). Dyadisches Coping, also das gemeinsame Bewältigen von Stress, stellt dabei einen positiven, beziehungsstabilisierenden Adaptationsprozess dar, während individuelles Coping stärker intrapersonal und potenziell distanzierend wirken kann (Herzberg 2012; Bodenmann, 2013). Das systemisch-transaktionale Modell von Bodenmann (2000) beschreibt dyadisches Coping als interaktiven Bewältigungsprozess, bei welchem der Stress einer Partnerin oder Partners auch immer der Stress der anderen Beziehungsperson ist (Bodenmann, 2013). Eine Partnerin oder ein Partner kommuniziert Stress, die oder der andere reagiert darauf aktiv (empathisch und/ oder unterstützend), woraufhin eine Bewertung der Antwort er-folgt. Daraufhin beginnt der Zyklus erneut. Partnerreaktionen werden dabei im Hinblick auf ihre Responsivität wahrgenommen (Bodenmann, 2013).
Im VSA-Modell wird angenommen, dass adaptive, koordinierte Copingformen langfristig zu höherer Beziehungsqualität führen, insbesondere dann, wenn sie mit Responsivität (dem Gefühl, verstanden und unterstützt zu werden) einhergehen (Ross et al., 2022). Responsivität bezeichnet die wahrgenommene Fähigkeit eines Partners, auf Emotionen, Bedürfnisse und Gedanken sensibel, fürsorglich und validierend zu reagieren. Sie kann so als Schlüsselmechanismus für Intimität, Vertrauen und Beziehungssicherheit und damit als Maß für Beziehungszufriedenheit verstanden werden (Arican-Dinc & Gable, 2023, Canevello & Crocker, 2010, Champagne & Muise, 2021, Farrell et al., 2023). Eine hohe Responsivität geht mit einem größeren mentalen Wohlbefinden und einer höheren Zufriedenheit in Beziehungen einher (Canevello & Crocker, 2010). Weiterhin kann die Responsivität sogar die Bindungssicherheit beeinflussen. Konsistentes responsi-ves Verhalten über mehrere Tage reduziert zu einem späteren Zeitpunkt ängstliche Bin-dungshaltungen (Selcuk et al., 2024).
Darüber hinaus stützt sich die Studie auf sprachpsychologische Forschung, die „Wir“-Sprache („We-Talk“) als Marker dyadischer Prozesse interpretiert (Lau et al., 2019; Seider et al., 2009). Diese Form der Sprache kann als Ausdruck gemeinsamer Identität („We-Ness“) verstanden werden und spiegelt das Ausmaß wider, in dem Partner:innen emotionale Ereignisse als gemeinsames Erleben konstruieren. Ein häufigerer Gebrauch von „Wir-Pronomen“ geht mit höherer Unterstützung, höherer Interaktionsqualität und starker Beziehungsbindung einher (Ireland et al., 2019, Karan et al., 2018) und ist kann damit auch indikativ für die wahrgenommene Responsivität sein (Seider et al., 2009). Weiterhin sind Kontextfaktoren bei der Nutzung von „Wir“-Sprache relevant. „Wir“-Sprache während akuten Konfliktgesprächen ist assoziiert mit weniger Feindseligkeit, während „Wir“-Sprache vor dem Erleben eines Konflikts mit mehr Nähe und mehr positi-ven Emotionen nach einem Konflikt assoziiert ist (Wilson et al., 2021).
Die Analyse von „Wir“-Sprache in Kombination mit Fragebogendaten erlaubt es somit, das theoretische Konstrukt des dyadischen Copings verhaltensnah und interaktionell zu operationalisieren. Die Konstrukte der wahrgenommenen Responsivität, des dyadischen Copings und der Pronomennutzung stehen theoretisch in enger Verbindung, da ihre gemeinsame Basis verbale Kommunikation darstellt. Dyadisches Coping bietet Strukturen für gemeinschaft-liches Reagieren und Unterstützen, was im besten Fall zu höherer wahrgenommener Responsivität führt. Sprachliche Ausdrucksformen wie „Wir“-Sprache kann dabei ein Hinweis auf eine gemeinschaftliche Beziehungsdefinition und gemeinsames Coping sein und somit ein Indikator für eine erfolgreiche dyadische Interaktion