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A Scoping Review of Ultrasound-Guided Acupotomy in Traditional Korean Medicine Clinical Practice
No full textThis study aims to systematically map and synthesize the existing clinical research on ultrasound-guided acupotomy conducted in Traditional Korean Medicine (KM) clinical practice in the Republic of Korea using a scoping review methodology.
The review will be conducted in accordance with the methodological framework proposed by Arksey and O’Malley and reported in accordance with the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. A comprehensive literature search will be performed using major domestic Korean databases (KCI, RISS, DBpia, ScienceON, and OASIS) as well as MEDLINE via PubMed, from database inception to January 6, 2026.
Eligible studies will include primary clinical studies and technical notes conducted in real-world KM clinical settings, such as Korean medicine hospitals and clinics. This review will identify research trends, target conditions and anatomical structures, ultrasound guidance techniques, procedural characteristics, and patterns of safety and adverse event reporting.
The results of this review are expected to clarify current clinical application patterns of ultrasound-guided acupotomy in KM clinical practice and to identify gaps in the existing literature that may inform future clinical research and guideline development
Vegetation structure in a hard-to-reach Tropical Dry Forest patch in the Colombian Caribbean Region
No full textDue to the current state of Tropical Dry Forests (TDF) of Colombia, the vegetal characterisation of a patch of a TDF is important when constructing restoration plans or gathering information for future legal processes to protect areas, like the case of Reserva Campesina La Flecha, a preserved patch of TDF which is not under national environmental protection which is located in the Montes de Maria ecoregion. This area is home to the best-preserved TDF in the Colombian Caribbean. Ten plots of 10x10 (0.1 hectares) according to the methodology proposed by Gentry for tropical forest. Fourteen (14) orders, 28 families, 54 genera, 59 species, and 150 individuals were recorded, with Fabaceae being the richest family in terms of genera and species. The vertical and horizontal structures had an attenuation behaviour in the form of an inverted ‘J’, which reflects early recruitment processes and a low number of large trees. The average tree height was 8.5 m, which may be a consequence of anthropogenic processes resulting from human activities by cattle ranchers and farmers in the sector, in conjunction with practices such as the construction of and selective extraction of trees, modifying the structure and plant richness of the patch
Trust as a Structural Resilience Asset Under Exogenous Stress
No full textThis project tests whether trust functions as a structural resilience asset rather than a psychological or cultural variable. The study examines whether organizations with higher pre-shock trust-equilibrium proxies exhibit measurably greater resilience during externally imposed systemic crises (e.g., 2008, 2020, 2022).
Trust is operationalized using observable, third-party indicators (employee stability, customer stability, regulatory compliance history), avoiding surveys, interviews, or author-coded measures. The study is pre-registered prior to data access, with fixed hypotheses, proxy definitions, model specifications, and falsification criteria.
The goal is to evaluate the predictive validity of a trust-as-equilibrium framework under stress using reproducible, contamination-minimized methods
Pawan Upadhyay's Pressure Curvature Law of Gravity and Pressure Waves
No full textPawan Upadhyay's Pressure Curvature Law of Gravity (PPC law of Gravity) and Pressure Waves :-
P stands for Pawan Upadhyay,
P stands for Pressure,
C stands for Curvature,
So In short, it is called PPC law of Gravity.
1. Mass Creates Pressure.
2. Pressure is the cause of Curvature Shape of Space Time
3. Mass applies Pressure.
4. Pressure of Mass bends Spacetime.
5. Force of that Pressure creates the shape of Curvature.
6. Curvature governs motion.
7. Spacetime Curvature creates the Pressure waves
Mass ➡️ Pressure ➡️ Force of Pressure ➡️ Curvature via Stress Energy Tensor ➡️ Spacetime Curvature ➡️ Motion ➡️ Pressure Waves
Heavy mass bodies generate higher gravitational pressure on the spacetime fabric, while medium and small mass bodies generate proportionally lower pressure. Consequently, spacetime curvature is strongest around heavy mass bodies, moderate around medium mass bodies, and weakest around small mass bodies.
In PPC gravity, pressure–curvature waves generated by massive bodies have greater amplitude and energy, whereas those generated by smaller bodies are weaker. However, the propagation speed of pressure waves is universal and equal to the speed of light, independent of the mass of the source.
One-line summary :-
Mass controls the strength of pressure waves, not their speed.
Spacetime curvature governs how bodies move (geodesic motion).
Motion of bodies in curved spacetime leads to time-dependent changes in the gravitational field.
These time-dependent changes propagate as pressure–curvature waves (gravitational waves).
Spacetime curvature by itself does not automatically create pressure waves.
Pressure waves arise when:
spacetime curvature changes with time, and
those changes are driven by accelerated or non-uniform motion of mass–energy.
So the causal structure is:
Curvature + dynamical motion → pressure waves
"In PPC gravity, the motion of bodies within curved spacetime produces time-dependent variations in gravitational pressure and curvature, which propagate as pressure waves."
[Simple intuitive version]
'Spacetime curvature guides motion, and changing motion disturbs curvature, producing pressure waves.'
In PPC terms:
1. Mass density → pressure
2. Pressure → curvature
3. Curvature → motion
4. Changing motion → changing pressure & curvature
5. Changing pressure & curvature → pressure waves
So pressure waves are the dynamic response of spacetime to moving mass-energy.
One Line Statement :-
"Pressure waves arise from time-dependent spacetime curvature generated by the motion and acceleration of mass–energy."
P_g=ωE_d=ω.ρc^2, if ω=1,then
P_g = ρc^2
Abstract
This research presents a new, physically intuitive understanding of gravity: Mass creates pressure, and the pressure of mass is the cause of spacetime curvature.
The Pawan Upadhyay's Pressure–Curvature Law of Gravity (PPC Law) reveals that gravity is not a mysterious attraction nor merely a geometric warping, but the direct consequence of a pressure field generated by mass-energy acting upon the fabric of spacetime.
Mass → Pressure → Curvature → Motion
The curvature of spacetime is the geometric expression of this pressure force.
Concept Overview
“Mass creates pressure. Pressure of mass is the cause of the curvature shape. Mass bends space by its pressure, and the force of that pressure creates the shape of curvature.” — Pawan Upadhyay, Discoverer of the PPC Law
This is not a modification of Einstein’s General Relativity — it is a clarification of it. It provides a clear causal mechanism that connects energy density to geometry.
Causal Flow of PPC Law
Mass (ρ) → generates → Pressure Field (Pg = ρc²)
Pressure Field → acts upon → Spacetime Fabric
Spacetime Fabric → results in → Curvature (Gμν)
Curvature → defines → Motion (Geodesics)
Causal Chain: Mass → Pressure → Curvature → Motion
Mathematical Insight
Einstein’s field equations: Gμν = (8πG / c⁴) Tμν
For a perfect fluid: Tμν = (ρ + p/c²)uμuν + p gμν
The pressure term directly contributes to spacetime curvature. In the weak-field limit: ∇²Φ = 4πG(ρ + 3p/c²)
The PPC Law interprets this as the pressure of mass-energy shaping the curvature geometry.
Pressure Dominates Curvature: Einstein’s Proof
In the stress-energy tensor:
Tμν = (ρ + p/c²) uμuν + p gμν
pressure (p) appears in two terms.
In the weak-field limit:
∇²Φ = 4πG (ρ + 3p/c²)
→ Pressure contributes three times more than mass density.
This proves the PPC Law:
“The force of pressure creates the shape of curvature.”
Experimental Validation
Experiment Year Confirms Precision
Pound–Rebka 1959 Pressure → redshift 1% → 10⁻¹⁸
Hafele–Keating 1971 Pressure → time dilation 10%
Gravity Probe B 2011 Pressure → frame-dragging 0.3%
LIGO (GW150914) 2015 Pressure waves 1 in 10²¹
EHT (M87*) 2019 Pressure → black hole shadow 4%
All these results confirm the PPC sequence and are consistent with General Relativity.
Significance and Advantages
• Physical clarity – “Pressure” is more intuitive than abstract “curvature.”
• Causal explanation – Pressure causes curvature.
• Unification – Bridges Newton’s force model and Einstein’s geometric model.
• Educational simplicity – Teaches gravity in minutes.
• Cosmic relevance – Applies from laboratory tests to black holes.
“Gravity is the pressure of existence shaping the geometry of being.” — Pawan Upadhyay
Copyright © 2025–2026 Pawan Upadhya
Relative effects of species' mobility and reproductive rate on colonization
No full textIn this project we use an individual-based, spatially explicit model to simulate the reproduction, mortality, dispersal and colonization success of generic species in heterogeneous landscapes over time
Surveillance Inequality: Race, Poverty, and the Geography of Automated License Plate Reader Deployment
No full textIn November 2025, a federal judge in the Eastern District of Virginia unsealed a spreadsheet containing the locations of 614 automatic license plate reader (ALPR) cameras currently in use in Hampton Roads, Virginia. ALPR cameras are an emergent form of networked surveillance infrastructure that capture images of every vehicle that passes by, generate a “vehicle fingerprint,” and store those data in databases searchable by law enforcement, typically without warrants or court orders for access. The release of these locational data provides a rare opportunity to examine the opaque geography of contemporary surveillance and to assess whether ALPR camera deployment reproduces the same racialized and classed patterns long associated with policing and state surveillance in the United States. In this article, we use geographic information systems (GIS) and descriptive statistical analysis to map the distribution of 614 Flock Safety ALPR cameras in relation to racial and poverty profiles of the neighborhoods where the cameras are located. Our findings show that ALPR camera deployment is deeply and systematically racialized and economically stratified, with predominantly Black and high-poverty neighborhoods bearing a disproportionate share of ALPR surveillance infrastructure across Hampton Roads. We argue that these patterns do not reflect isolated siting decisions, but rather are the result of broader structural dynamics, including the privatization of surveillance infrastructure, weak democratic oversight, and the normalization of seemingly objective, tech-washed policing. We conclude by discussing the implications of these findings for public policy, civil liberties, democratic accountability, and Fourth Amendment protections
The Role of Meta-dehumanization and Relative Deprivation on Ethnic Minority Members’ Engagement to Social Change
No full textDigital Phenotyping of Psychological Symptoms and Emotions Using Machine Learning
No full textA set of Master Thesis studies to predict specific psychological symptoms and emotions through passive sensing. Prediction made by using the Random Forest algorithm
Prognostic Value of Shock Indices and Their Derivatives in Predicting Early Mortality After Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery
No full textThis retrospective observational study aims to evaluate the prognostic accuracy of the Shock Index (SI) and its derivatives—Modified Shock Index (MSI), Age Shock Index (ASI), and Modified Age Shock Index (MASI)—in predicting in-hospital mortality and early postoperative morbidity (including acute kidney injury, prolonged ventilation, and ICU stay) among adult patients undergoing isolated Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG). Data will be collected from a single-center cohort comprising patients operated on between January 2023 and May 2025. The study seeks to determine optimal cut-off values for these hemodynamic indices to facilitate early risk stratification and clinical decision-making in the perioperative period