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Concurrent validity of the Modified Oral Status Survey Tool
No full textThe Oral Status Survey Tool (OSST) was developed as a non-dentist-administered oral health evaluation survey (HES). The OSST demonstrated favorable attributes. For example, concurrent validity for tooth count [intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.99 (95% confidence interval, CI: 0.99–0.99)], carious teeth [Gwet's AC2 = 0.94 (95% CI: 0.89–0.99)] and gum condition [Gwet's AC1 = 0.84 (95% CI: 0.64–1)] were all excellent. However limitations related to conceptual clarity, usability, and the level of guidance provided for non-dental assessors were identified (Mac Giolla Phadraig et al., 2021). Accordingly, the tool was updated for further use in research. This led to the development of MOSST (Modified Oral Status Survey Tool) - seven-item tool recording indicators of oral function and disease (See Figure 1). The MOSST was shown to be reliable, valid, and feasible for use by non-dental assessors among people with disabilities. It is low cost, low burden, quick and feasible and offers potential for use among understudied communities (Byrne et al., 2026). In adapting the original OSST, changes were made to concepts and criteria meaning that the criterion validity that was established for the OSST no longer held true for the MOSST. Byrne and colleagues highlighted the need for testing of concurrent validity as a final step in its psychometric validation. By examining the relationship between MOSST outcomes and conventional measures of gum health, oral hygiene and caries experience, this study seeks to determine whether this more inclusive, low-burden assessment tool can validly reflect oral health status among adults with ID, including those with higher support needs who are routinely excluded from traditional dental research.
This study aims to test agreement between MOSST items and gold standard clinical indices for cavitated teeth, gingival health, and oral hygiene as a test of concurrent (criterion) validity
The effect of gaze reinstatement precision on memory
No full textGaze reinstatement refers to the shift of gaze to a previously encoded position during memory retrieval. Previous studies have suggested that broadly reinstating encoded gaze positions enhances memory. Expanding upon existing research, the present study aims to reveal how the precision of gaze reinstatement affects memory precision by manipulating gaze position and testing memory parametrically
The Over-Optimization Trap: Why Mature Markets Suppress Investment and How Climate Adaptation Becomes the Default Capital Sink
No full textAbstract
This paper proposes a conceptual framework to explain investment stagnation in highly mature economies, which I term the over-optimization trap. In many contemporary markets, goods and services have reached such a high level of functional optimization that marginal improvements yield diminishing experiential or economic returns. As a result, new investment becomes increasingly difficult to justify relative to its risk, leading firms to favor capital preservation over expansion.
This stagnation is not primarily the result of managerial conservatism, technological exhaustion, or declining demand, but rather a structural consequence of successful optimization. When existing products and infrastructures already satisfy most consumer needs, the expected return on innovation declines, suppressing the traditional cycle of investment, employment growth, wage growth, and consumption.
Within this context, climate change adaptation emerges as an unusually attractive investment domain—not because it generates new prosperity, but because it is unavoidable. Climate-related investments are characterized by large scale, long time horizons, continuous capital requirements, and the certainty of loss if action is deferred. These features make climate adaptation a de facto capital sink in economies where conventional growth-oriented investment opportunities have largely disappeared.
The paper argues that this shift marks a transition from a growth-oriented political economy to a maintenance-oriented one. It further suggests that policy instruments such as environmental taxation—particularly on energy- and infrastructure-intensive industries—should be understood not as punitive measures, but as mechanisms for reallocating capital toward systemic maintenance, stabilizing demand, and preserving social and infrastructural resilience in the absence of robust growth.
In informal terms, this condition can be illustrated by what the author elsewhere calls the “too-good-to-improve” problem—where products become so optimized that further investment no longer appears rational
The Unified Multi-Field Theory (UMTF): A Coherent Framework for Field-Level Causality Across Physical and Cognitive Domains
No full textAxiomatic Intelligence: A Post-Probabilistic Architecture for the Age of Noise
No full textCanonical Citation (DOI): https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18190480
Abstract: The web has become a hostile environment for truth. Marketing, SEO, and affiliate corruption have raised the noise floor to the point where signal is nearly undetectable. The emergence of Generative AI has amplified this problem by training on this noise and reproducing it fluently—a phenomenon we term the "Beige Singularity."
This project introduces Axiomatic Intelligence, a new paradigm that replaces Probabilistic Summarization with Adversarial Adjudication.
Core Components:
1.) The Kinetic Refinery: A system that processes raw signals into verified Kinetic Axioms through adversarial collision.
2.) Quad-Vector Adjudication: A method that collides four signal types (Marketing, Physics, Consensus, and Transactional Ore) to verify truth.
3.) Signal-Gated Compute: A resource model where re-verification is triggered by market signals (price changes, sentiment shifts) rather than static schedules.
4.) The Cryptographic Diode: An architectural pattern that structurally separates truth-ranking from revenue data
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PHYSICAL ACTIVITY LEVEL AND MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS AMONG NON-ACADEMIC OFFICE WORKERS IN THE SCHOOL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES, UNIBEN.
No full textBackground: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are common among sedentary office workers. This study examined the correlation between physical activity levels and MSDs among non-academic staff in the school of Basic Medical Sciences, UNIBEN.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving non-academic staff from the Departments of Physiotherapy, Radiography, Nursing, and Medical Laboratory Science at UNIBEN. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire comprising the Extended Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ-E) and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ-Short Form). Chi-square tests assessed the associations between physical activity levels and the prevalence of MSDs.
Results: A cross-sectional study involving 25 non-academic staff members at UNIBEN examined the relationship between physical activity and musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). The majority of participants were female (16, 64%), with ages ranging from 30 to 59 years (mean: 43.36 ± 8.06). All participants reported experiencing musculoskeletal pain in various body regions, with neck pain being the most prevalent. Specifically, 18 respondents reported neck pain in the 12-month prevalence (72%), and 15 reported it in the 7-day prevalence (60%). While 52% (13) of participants had high physical activity levels, no significant relationship was found between physical activity levels and 12-month MSD prevalence. However, higher physical activity levels were associated with an increased 7-day prevalence of upper back pain (X²=6.851, p=0.033). Job roles were not linked to 12-month MSD prevalence, but shoulder and hip pain showed significant associations with specific job roles over the past 7 days.
Conclusion: This study found a high MSD prevalence, with neck pain being the most common. Physical activity was not related to long-term MSDs but correlated with upper back pain. Job roles were associated with shoulder and hip pain, highlighting the impact of ergonomic design
Admissibility Before Narration: A Constraint-First Formulation of Existence and Coherence
No full textThis hosts a preprint describing a constraint-first framework for admissibility and coherence across formal systems. The work introduces no new dynamics or entities and is compatible with existing physical and computational theories
Technological tools for self-management and self-care in people with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Primary Health Care: Scoping review protocol.
No full textEsta revisão de escopo justifica-se pela existência de uma lacuna no conhecimento relacionada à sistematização das estratégias tecnológicas utilizadas para estimular a mudança de comportamento e promover o autocuidado de pessoas com DM2 na APS. Ao mapear e organizar essas estratégias, o estudo contribuirá para compreensão do uso das tecnologias no cuidado às pessoas com DM2, além de subsidiar o desenvolvimento de futuras pesquisas e apoiar a incorporação dessas ferramentas como suporte às ações dos profissionais de saúde
The Emergence of Relationships: Why Knowledge Modeling Must Avoid Creating Relations - Vector Modeling of the Five Elements under Wittgenstein’s Logical Form and the Natural Emergence of the Golden Ratio
No full textThis project presents a mathematical reconstruction of the Five Elements (Wu Xing) theory using vector space geometry and group theory. We prove that "Generation" and "Overcoming" relationships emerge naturally from a regular pentagonal structure, without any explicit rule creation.
KEY DISCOVERY: The relationship strengths (cos 72° = 0.309, cos 144° = -0.809) correspond precisely to the Golden Ratio φ, revealing that the Five Elements system possesses an intrinsic "minimality and optimality" property at the ontological level.
本项目从向量空间几何与群论的角度重构五行理论。我们证明"相生"与"相克"关系从正五边形结构中自然涌现，无需任何显式规则创建。
核心发现：关系强度（cos 72° = 0.309, cos 144° = -0.809）精确对应黄金分割率φ，揭示五行系统在本体论层面具有"极简与最优"的内禀属性