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Asymetric Vulnerability and Strategic Destabilization: A Descriptive Framework
No full textThis project presents a short, descriptive framework for interpreting recent U.S. foreign policy behavior through asymmetric vulnerability and acceptable pain thresholds rather than equilibrium preservation or institutional constraint.
The framework is explicitly non-normative and includes operational boundaries and falsifiability conditions. It is intended as a mechanism-level interpretation rather than a policy proposal or prediction of success.
The model was developed in response to contemporaneous cross-regional events and is time-stamped to allow retrospective evaluation
Immunization Metrics and Modelling Studies (IMMS)
No full textImmunization Metrics and Modelling Studies (IMMS) is a four-year global initiative funded by the Gates Foundation. Building on more than a decade of research by the Vaccine Confidence Project (VCP) and the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), IMMS aims to identify demand- and delivery-side barriers to vaccination at national and sub-national levels, investigate uptake of new and existing vaccines, and quantify the pandemic’s impact on vaccination demand, among other objectives. These aims will be mainly achieved through two global waves of data collection. IMMS is a dedicated unit led by Dr Alex de Figueiredo (Principal Investigator and IMMS Lead) with Prof. Heidi Larson (Co-Principal Investigator and VCP Director) within the Vaccine Confidence Project. Established as a long-term capability within VCP, IMMS is designed to grow beyond the initial funding period and to provide sustained measurement, modelling, and decision support for immunisation programmes in the years ahead.
The first wave of global data collection in this project (IMMS Wave 1) is a multi-country, nationally representative survey of parents and primary caregivers of children aged under 18 years. Its purpose is to generate comparable evidence on the state of caregiver vaccine confidence, the behavioural and social drivers of vaccination, practical barriers to accessing immunisation services across diverse settings, measuring the impact of the pandemic on perceptions towards childhood vaccinations, and measure intent-to-accept novel immunisations. The study aims to identify where and among whom vaccination-related attitudes and barriers are most problematic, and to provide actionable insights that can inform immunisation programme priorities at national and sub-national levels. More detailed project description, including study aims and research questions, are detailed in our Analysis Plan
Visual Density’s Role in Shaping Healthy Food Purchase Intentions - Supplementary Experiment
No full textThe present preregistered study aims to examine the robustness and external validity of the effect of visual density in healthy food packaging on consumers’ purchase intentions. Building on prior findings that visually dense packaging can increase purchase intentions for healthy food products, this study seeks to test whether this effect persists under conditions that more closely approximate everyday consumption contexts.
Specifically, the study investigates whether higher visual density in healthy food packaging leads to stronger purchase intentions when consumers are not explicitly exposed to health-related information prior to evaluation. Compared with earlier studies, this experiment incorporates packaging designs with richer and more complex visual illustrations to enhance ecological validity and measures perceived food quantity to rule out quantity-based alternative explanations.
The study employs a single-factor, two-level, between-subjects experimental design, with visual density of healthy food packaging (high vs. low) as the independent variable. Participants are randomly assigned to view one version of a raisin product package that varies in the number of visual elements displayed. After sufficient exposure to the packaging stimulus, participants report their purchase intentions. Perceived visual density is measured as a manipulation check, and perceived food quantity is assessed to test whether any observed effects can be attributed to inferences about quantity rather than visual density per se. Additional measures, such as perceived attractiveness and familiarity of the packaging, are collected as controls.
The primary hypothesis is that participants exposed to high visual density packaging will report higher purchase intentions than those exposed to low visual density packaging. It is expected that this effect will emerge even in the absence of prior health-related priming and will not be explained by differences in perceived product quantity. By demonstrating the persistence of the visual density effect in a more naturalistic evaluation context, the study aims to strengthen the generalizability and practical relevance of visual density as a packaging design cue in healthy food marketing
Self-management interventions for cancer patients with immune-related adverse events: a scoping review
No full textImmunotherapy has become an important approach in cancer treatment. In recent years, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), as a representative form of immunotherapy, have achieved significant progress in the treatment of various tumors. They can effectively inhibit tumor growth by activating the body's immune system and significantly prolong patient survival. However, while delivering therapeutic benefits, ICIs may also induce immune-related adverse events (irAEs). These adverse events exhibit diverse clinical manifestations and can occur at any stage during treatment. If not identified and managed promptly, some irAEs may worsen and even become life-threatening. Studies have shown that the identification and monitoring of irAEs largely depend on patients' self-management abilities, which closely influence treatment safety and long-term prognosis.
Therefore, enhancing patients' self-management of immune-related adverse events has become a crucial component in improving treatment safety and overall outcomes
Metacognition Across Interoception, Visual Perception, and Memory: Domain-Specific or Domain-General?
No full textThis study draws inspiration from a 2020 study by Mazancieux et al., which demonstrated a certain degree of domain generality in metacognitive performance across tasks such as episodic memory, visual perception, and semantic memory (Mazancieux et al., 2020). However, significant differences were noted in the degree of domain generality across these tasks. Furthermore, Lehmann et al. (2022) indicated that metacognition exists concurrently with both domain generality and domain specificity. Previous research has primarily explored the association between metacognition and cognitive processes related to objective feelings, without extensively delving into the metacognition of internal bodily signals (interoception). This study aims to bridge this gap by investigating the interplay between internal bodily feelings, external perception, and memory.
To accurately assess the metacognition of interoceptive awareness, we employed an adapted version of the Filter Detection Task paradigm (Nikolova et al., 2022). In this task, participants performed two inhalations per trial and then judged which inhalation had greater resistance or difficulty. Following this, participants made a confidence assessment regarding the accuracy of their choice using a scale where 1 indicated very low confidence, 2 low confidence, 3 high confidence, and 4 very high confidence. To evaluate metacognitive performance in perceptual and memory tasks, we utilized the paradigm developed by Morales et al. (2018). Adjustments were made to minimize the influence of primary task performance on confidence judgments, including the introduction of a staircase procedure in both tasks
Effectiveness of Moxibustion Therapy: An Evidence Mapping Based on 223 Systematic Reviews
No full textMoxibustion therapy, a distinctive external therapy in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)[1]，primarily functions through the conductive properties of meridians and acupoints, combined with specific operational techniques, to treat diseases. Moxibustion therapy demonstrates therapeutic advantages for various conditions. Concurrently, with growing public emphasis on health preservation, safety concerns regarding moxibustion therapy have regained attention.[2]
However, clinical research outcomes on moxibustion therapy exhibit complexity and heterogeneity, characterized by factors such as subjectivity, individualization, and challenges in quantification. Consequently, methodological research is increasingly recognized as a critical area of investigation. The scientific extraction of treatment protocols and clinical outcomes from moxibustion therapy studies constitutes a vital means of enhancing therapeutic standards.
The development of an evidence map regarding the therapeutic efficacy of moxibustion therapy offers a systematic approach to collate and synthesize diverse research findings. This process reduces information redundancy and inconsistency, thereby providing a reliable foundation for both research and clinical practice. Furthermore, it promotes transparency and reproducibility in moxibustion therapy, supporting its evidence-based practice, informed decision-making, and broader dissemination. Ultimately, this facilitates the translation and application of research outcomes
Predator Experience Shapes Behaviour: Comparing Stone Wētā (Hemideina maori) Populations With and Without Weka
No full textPerlindungan dan upaya Hukum terhadap Konsumen Jasa Tato di Indonesia
No full textArtikel ini membahas perlindungan hukum serta upaya hukum yang dapat ditempuh oleh konsumen jasa tato di Indonesia. Permasalahan yang dikaji meliputi tanggung jawab pelaku usaha jasa tato terhadap konsumen serta bentuk perlindungan hukum yang diberikan berdasarkan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan konseptual. Hasil pembahasan menunjukkan bahwa konsumen jasa tato memiliki hak-hak yang dilindungi oleh hukum, serta tersedia upaya hukum baik secara preventif maupun represif dalam hal terjadi pelanggaran oleh pelaku usaha
School‑Based Swimming Education in Primary Children: A Systematic Review of Teaching Approaches, Aquatic Competence, and Water Safety Outcomes
No full textThis project hosts the materials for a systematic review on school-based swimming education for primary school children (approximately 6–12 years). The review synthesizes experimental and quasi-experimental studies on swimming and water safety programmes delivered through schools, using Block’s 5C framework (Context, Content, Conduct, Coaching, and Consequences) as an analytical lens. The project includes the review protocol, search strategies for Scopus and Web of Science, PRISMA 2020 flow diagram, data extraction files, and analytic notes. The aim is to identify programme configurations that most effectively improve aquatic competence, water safety knowledge, and psychological outcomes (confidence, enjoyment) in primary school children. The review is prepared for submission to the journal Retos