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Electoral College Structuring Reform with Two‑Term Continuity A Systems‑Level Framework for Modernizing Presidential Selection in the United States
No full textElectoral College Structuring Reform with Two‑Term Continuity presents a systems‑level redesign of the U.S. presidential election architecture. Rather than abolishing the Electoral College or defending the status quo, the preprint treats the institution as a modular governance system that can be modernized through structural engineering.
The work identifies three major distortions that have accumulated over two centuries—winner‑take‑all allocation, elector pledges, and abrupt administrative turnover—and demonstrates that none of them are constitutionally required. In response, the preprint introduces a four‑part reform framework centered on direct election of electors, proportional or district‑based allocation, and a novel mechanism called two‑term continuity. This continuity model links elector tenure, pledge integrity, and presidential re‑election into a coherent eight‑year governance horizon, reducing volatility while preserving democratic accountability.
The proposal outlines how elector seats are filled, contested, or vacated; how continuity interacts with safeguards against unfit leadership; and how district‑level representation can be maintained without destabilizing the system. Implementation pathways include state legislation, interstate compacts, and constitutional amendment.
Overall, the preprint positions constitutional design as a discipline of institutional architecture. It offers a non‑partisan, stability‑focused blueprint for strengthening democratic legitimacy, improving representational fidelity, and restoring the Electoral College’s original deliberative function while adapting it for a modern electorate
Effect of Material Selection on Vibration Characteristics of Aircraft Components (LANDING GEAR, ROTOR BLADE, WINGS & FUSELAGE)
No full textThis paper explores the influence of material selection on vibration in key aircraft components: landing gear, rotor blades, wings and fuselage. It examines how the inherent properties of materials, such as stiffness, damping, and mass, affect the generation and transmission of vibrations during flight. The paper highlights the importance of balancing weight savings with structural integrity to achieve optimal vibration control, ensuring passenger comfort and aircraft safety
A Study on the Impact of the Point System on Residents' Willingness to Continuously Participate in Community Service
No full textUsing a priming effect survey experiment, we constructed virtual scenarios for three types of policy instruments through textual descriptions, manipulating the types of policy instruments to which participants were exposed. Data were collected by means of questionnaires
Gonadal and sex chromosomal contributions to sex differences in mammalian brain organization
No full textSex differences in brain development may contribute to well-known sex differences in behavior and neuropsychiatric risk - making it important to comprehensively map and mechanistically annotate normative sex differences in brain organization. Most sex differences in mammalian brain organization have previously been attributed to differential effects of gonadal hormones based on outcomes from rodent endocrine manipulations at canonical subcortical foci of male-biased brain volume. However, a systematic quantification of both gonadal and sex chromosome dosage (SCD) contributions across all regions of sex-biased brain volume has been lacking. Here, using structural neuroimaging scans from wild-type (n=670) and transgenic mice that dissociate gonadal, X-, and Y-chromosome effects (n=181), we show that: many more brain regions are volumetrically sex-biased than previously recognized; gonadal effects dominate throughout this expanded map of sex differences; several regions also show prominent SCD contributions to anatomical sex differences, which can both reinforce or counteract gonadal effects in a regionally specific manner. Targeted single nucleus RNA sequencing at a region of female-biased cerebellar volume reveals that combined gonadal and SCD effects also drive sex-biased cellular gene expression. These findings revise our understanding of the spatial distribution and causal basis of sex-differences in the mammalian brain, illuminating a key axis of neuroanatomical variation in health and disease
The Mere Exposure Effect in Peripheral Vision: Evidence from a Word Selection Task
No full textThe mere exposure effect describes the tendency to develop preferences for stimuli just because of repeated exposure. Familiar stimuli are often perceived as safer and more pleasant, even in the absence of conscious evaluation. The present study examines whether repeated peripheral and subliminal exposure to verbal stimuli influences preference formation. An experimental design was employed with two groups of participants (N=50). The experimental group was repeatedly exposed to specific words presented in the visual periphery, with certain stimuli appearing more frequently than others, while the control group was not exposed to peripheral words. Following the exposure phase, participants were asked to select one word from each pair presented. The results revealed a clear preference bias in the experimental group toward frequently exposed stimuli, whereas the control group showed an approximately equal distribution of choices. These findings support the mere exposure effect and suggest that preference formation can occur without conscious awareness of the stimulus or its frequency. The study highlights the role of familiarity, processing fluency, and implicit memory in shaping human preferences and decision-making. The
results contribute to existing research by demonstrating the impact of subliminal peripheral exposure on evaluative judgments
Barriers and enablers influencing access to sexual and reproductive health care services among migrant and culturally and linguistically diverse women living in Australia: An Integrated Review
No full textProject Overview:
Migrant and culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) women living in Australia experience multiple barriers to accessing sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services, including challenges related to health system navigation, culture, language, finances, and structural inequities. Existing studies are scattered, predominantly qualitative, and vary in focus and depth, leaving a gap in consolidated evidence to inform culturally responsive strategies and equitable policy. This integrated review will critically synthesize barriers and enablers affecting SRH access and utilization among migrant and CALD women in Australia, identify community-specific priorities and knowledge gaps, and propose recommendations to guide health professionals, researchers, and policymakers.
Background & Rationale
Despite commitments to equitable health service provision, disparities persist for migrant and CALD women seeking SRH services in Australia. The literature is dispersed across disciplines, lacks comprehensive synthesis, and rarely integrates findings into policy-relevant frameworks. This review addresses the absence of a critical, integrated synthesis by consolidating evidence on barriers, enablers, perceptions, lived experiences, and culturally appropriate strategies to advance health equity and improve SRH outcomes in this population.
Review Type:
Integrated Review (mixed-method synthesis of qualitative, quantitative, and mixed-methods studies
The Möbius Architecture of Consciousness
No full textThis work introduces The Möbius Architecture of Consciousness, a structural framework for understanding how conscious coherence emerges, stabilizes, and collapses in complex systems. Drawing o n non-linesar dynamics, topology, and systems theory, the model treats identity as an attractor, consciousness as a viability condition, and the observer as an invariant of recursive traversal rather than a localized mechanism.
The framework integrates insights from Psychology, Neuroscience, Artificial intelligence, and Cosmology without reducing consciousness to neural substrates or proposing new physical laws. Instead, it identifies neccessary structural constraints shared acroass Cognitive, Artificial, and Cosmological scales, offering testable predictions, formal appendices, and a non-anthropic perspective on observer emergence and dissappearance
Stamp Collecting Merit Badge Project 1935
No full textThis series of twenty images represents a collection of postage stamps and accompanying text assembled in 1935 in fulfillment of the requirements for the Stamp Collecting merit badge. The creator of the collection is unknown
Exploring Gender Differences in Psychological Need Satisfaction and University Student Well-Being
No full textBasic psychological needs (competence, relatedness, and autonomy) play a central role in human flourishing. Self-Determination Theory research consistently shows that the satisfaction of these needs predicts well-being, while frustration predicts ill-being (Ryan & Deci, 2000). Understanding whether these effects operate similarly across social groups is critical for developing policies that effectively support healthy psychological functioning.
Although basic psychological need effects have shown to be universal across gender, very little work has tested whether this universality holds when each basic psychological need is tested individually (Ryan & Deci, 2000). Additionally, cross-cultural Self-Determination Theory research has demonstrated significant cultural differences in the strength of well-being outcomes in response to changes in basic psychological need satisfaction (Nalipay et al., 2020). Gender, a cultural construct of its own, may demonstrate similar differences when each basic psychological need is separated during analysis (Andermann, 2010).
The proposed study asks whether changes in competence, relatedness, and autonomy predict well-being similarly for men and women over the course of a school year. We predict that increases in satisfaction of any single need will correlate positively with subjective well-being and negatively with controlled motivation, extrinsic aspirations, and ill-being. However, we expect gender to moderate the strength of these associations, challenging the assumption of full universality within Self-Determination Theory.
The objectives are to compile a balanced archival dataset using archival longitudinal data from the McGill Human Motivation Lab (2014–2019). Male participants in each study will be matched with female participants, and change in scores for each need will be calculated across the academic year. Hierarchical linear regressions in SPSSX will then test the predictive effects of each need and the moderating role of gender.
This study will contribute to the understanding of basic psychological needs, gender, and university student well-being. Additionally, as students are often required to sacrifice satisfaction in one need for the growth of another, this research can guide university institutions to create policies and initiatives that promote the basic psychological needs most central to student well-being (Holding et al., 2020)
An Information-Theoretic Interpretation of the Zinc Spark as an Initial Condition for Gene Expression
No full textThis project presents an information-theoretic reinterpretation of the zinc spark observed at mammalian fertilization. Rather than proposing new experimental findings, the study introduces a conceptual framework that treats the zinc spark as an initial condition–setting event for early gene expression.
In this framework, the initial gene state is defined as an informational bundle composed of genomic, epigenetic, and molecular components. The zinc spark is interpreted as an informational coupling trigger that transforms this bundle into an initialized informational condition, from which early gene expression dynamics evolve. Residual informational degrees of freedom are explicitly incorporated to account for structured individual variability that cannot be reduced to experimental noise or simple stochasticity.
The proposed model does not aim to provide a direct explanation for the origin of consciousness or subjective experience. Instead, it addresses the long-standing problem of initial conditions in early biological development by offering a unified yet non-deterministic perspective that complements existing biochemical and developmental models. The framework is designed to remain compatible with current and future single-cell genomic and transcriptomic analyses, and may provide a conceptual bridge between fertilization-associated physical events and observed variability in developmental trajectories