Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities
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Bridging Heritage and Modernity: A Comparative Study of Traditional Chinese and Western Flower-and-Bird Paintings
No full textThe research paper investigates the minute intricacies of the correlation between cultural philosophies and aesthetic traditions by conducting a comparative analysis of the flower-and-bird motifs between traditional Chinese and Western paintings. The research uses the theory of Erwin Panofsky's Iconography and Iconology framework to examine the painting techniques which include brushstrokes, colour, and composition that identify the way these elements reflect the broader cultural attitude towards nature. Chinese paintings, especially the ones relating to the Chang’an School are known to be rooted in the Daoist and Confucian philosophies. This emphasises harmony, interconnectedness, and balance. On the contrary, Western artworks of the same motif by artists such as Vincent van Gogh and Claude Monet focus on emotional depth through individual perspective and resonance. The paper conducts qualitative research through the incorporation of primary research data from the various artworks from both Chinese and Western artists as well as secondary data from existing academic literature which helped to analyse the symbolic and visual details. The primary findings of the research show that Chinese art is more focused on universal moral philosophies that use symbolic motifs whereas the Western approach prioritises personal expression and highlights the transience of natural beauty. The paper concludes with a final recommendation for future research into the influence of globalisation and digital technology on the traditional artistic forms and techniques which foster hybrid styles and create connectivity between the East and the West
Comparative Study of TCM Terminology Standards under Adaptive Selection Translation Theory
No full textTraditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), as a life science rooted in unique philosophical principles, offers significant intellectual property advantages and substantial economic potential, positioning it as a growing area of global interest. As key instruments in representing its economic value, the international standards for TCM terminology have garnered widespread attention from the global community. International organizations, experts, scholars, and governmental bodies have engaged in this process, yielding valuable outcomes. In 2007, the World Health Organization released the "International Standard Terminology for Traditional Medicine" (IST), while the World Federation of Chinese Medicine Societies simultaneously published the "Chinese-English Bilingual Standard for Basic TCM Terminology" (ISN). However, discrepancies in the translation of specific terms within these two standards have undermined the scientific accuracy of TCM and sparked new debates. As such, it has become imperative to unify TCM terminology standards to present a cohesive, authoritative voice for TCM on the global stage. Based on a classification of TCM terminology, this article employs a cyclic equidistant sampling method to extract 500 entries (excluding categories such as herbal medicine, prescriptions, and acupuncture) from the ISN. It then compares and analyzes these terms against their counterparts in the IST. Drawing on the Theory of Adaptive Selection in Translation, the paper investigates the various translations of key TCM concepts, including fundamental theories and diagnostic methods, from linguistic, cultural, and communicative perspectives. The study identifies optimal translation choices and proposes a comprehensive framework for TCM terminology translation, encapsulated by the principles of "One Shift," "Three Dimensions," and "Several Translation Methods." Given that TCM has its origins in China, China needs to take a leading role in the global efforts to establish international standards for traditional medicine, ensuring that the unique characteristics of TCM are fully reflected. By analyzing and comparing the two major international TCM terminology standards, this research aims to provide valuable insights that will guide future initiatives in the global standardization of TCM terminology
Eco-Ink Symbols on Neck Labels for Differentiating Sustainable and Chemical Ink in Clothing Recycling
No full textAs concerns over textile waste and its environmental consequences grow, efficient garment recycling practices are becoming increasingly vital. One challenge in recycling is distinguishing between eco-friendly and chemical inks used in garment labels. This study proposes a practical solution by printing a simple eco-ink symbol directly onto the neck label of garments. The neck label is chosen for its durability and high visibility, ensuring the eco-ink symbol remains intact throughout the garment’s life cycle. This labeling method enables recyclers to easily identify and segregate garments printed with sustainable inks from those using chemical-based alternatives. By streamlining the identification process, this approach enhances recycling efficiency, reduces contamination in material streams, and supports the circular economy by promoting the reuse of textiles with minimal environmental impact. This paper explores the feasibility, advantages, and potential challenges of implementing this labeling system in garment recycling
The Challenge and Response of Network Security in The Era of Artificial Intelligence
No full textWith the emergence of artificial intelligence, new situations, new problems, and new challenges in the field of network security are emerging one after another, affecting the global economic pattern, development pattern, and security pattern, also putting forward higher requirements for network security assurance. Nowadays, cases of using fake audio and video such as AI face-changing and AI voice-changing to commit new cybercrimes occur occasionally. From the individual level, artificial intelligence lowers the threshold for personal cybercrime. At the social level, artificial intelligence forges false information that misleads the public and poses a certain threat to people’s property. This article aims to analyse the function of artificial intelligence and discuss the impact of emerging technologies on social development. This article by comparing domestic and foreign researches on artificial intelligence, using a qualitative research methodology with case studies and literature, and expresses views and ideas regarding the laws about artificial intelligence. The article finds that maintaining network security is the common responsibility of the whole society and requires the joint participation of governments, social organisations, and the majority of netizens. Therefore, it is suggested that other security risks that may be caused by artificial intelligence in the future, should be prevented based on risk prevention, and active use laws and regulations to regulate and guide. Secondly, by referring to the law, ensuring the protection of personal information, and standardise the cyber security environment is so significant. Finally, carry out online publicity and education to improve the network security awareness
Keberkesanan Pendekatan Pembelajaran Berasaskan Masalah dalam Meningkatkan Kompetensi Jururawat: Sorotan Literatur Bersistematik
No full textBidang penjagaan kesihatan yang kompleks memerlukan pendekatan pendidikan yang inovatif untuk melatih pelajar kejururawatan dengan berkesan. Pembelajaran berasaskan masalah-Problem Based Learning (PBL) telah muncul sebagai kaedah yang berkesan untuk meningkatkan kecekapan kejururawatan melalui penyelesaian masalah dunia sebenar. Ulasan literatur sistematik- Systematic Literature Review (SLR) ini menilai keberkesanan PBL dalam pendidikan kejururawatan dengan menganalisis 17 kajian yang berkaitan. Empat tema utama dikenal pasti iaitu peningkatan kemahiran klinikal, pemikiran kritikal, keupayaan menyelesaikan masalah, kompetensi praktikal dan teori, serta kepuasan dan motivasi pelajar. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa PBL meningkatkan kemahiran klinikal, pemikiran kritikal, dan aplikasi pengetahuan teori dalam amalan. Pendekatan PBL yang interaktif juga meningkatkan motivasi pembelajaran dan efikasi diri. Namun begitu, keberhasilan PBL memerlukan fasilitator terlatih, bahan berkualiti, dan sistem sokongan untuk mengurus cabaran seperti kebimbangan pelajar dan penyesuaian kepada pembelajaran kendiri. Hasil kajian menekankan keperluan untuk protokol PBL yang diseragamkan bagi memaksimumkan manfaatnya dalam pelbagai persekitaran pendidikan
Investigating the Roles of Actors in the Management of the Setiu Mangrove Swamp System within a Social-Ecological System (SES) Framework
No full textLack of stakeholder involvement in the management of mangrove swamp systems has recently become a global issue. Mangrove swamp ecosystems are known as biological communities that interact as biotic and abiotic components. The management of mangrove swamps in Malaysia is a cause for concern as the quality and quantity of the area are deteriorating. The objectives of this study are to examine stakeholder involvement in the management of Setiu mangrove swamp systems, identify key issues faced by stakeholders in managing mangrove swamp systems more sustainably, and recommend to stakeholders the best management practices for managing mangrove swamp systems. In this study, a qualitative study was conducted using a diagnostic approach guided by the Social-Ecological System (SES). Participants will be involved in the management of mangrove systems using Ostrom's (2009) theory based on the Social-Ecological System (SES) framework. This interaction involves actors (A) and management systems (GS) in Setiu mangrove swamp ecosystems based on the Social-Ecological System (SES). Actors (A) focus on the number of involved actors (A1), socio-economic characteristics (A2), leadership (A5), and resource importance (A8). The governance system (GS) includes government organizations (GS1), non-governmental organizations (GS2), collective election rules (GS6), and supervisory sanction rules (GS8). A limitation of the study was that obtaining information and reading about the Social-Ecological System (SES) made it difficult for the researcher to gather data. The study showed that many participants were involved in activities in the mangrove swamp area
Cultural Identity of Lat’s Cartoons in the Context of ‘Malaysia Madani’
No full textMalaysians' varied perceptions of cartoons, often undervalued as mere entertainment despite their deep cultural and societal resonance. Hence, it prompted the researchers to explore the denotation and connotation of cultural significance in Malaysian cartoons, particularly in the works of Lat. The cartoons were selected for this study because of their ability to capture the essence of Malaysian society, culture, and identity through humor and social commentary. The objectives of this study are to quantify the portrayal of the colour, meaning and relationship between these elements in Lat’s cartoons to represent local cultural identity in the context of ‘Malaysia Madani’. Through the quantitative content analysis method with 248 visuals from Lat’s cartoons by exploring the Madani concept through themes of these cartoons, the study unleashes a diverse range of societal issues and viewpoints; the prominence of the themes indicates areas of significance, relevance, and engagement. The findings demonstrate that Lat’s cartoons effectively communicate the benefits of the Madani concept, encouraging Malaysians to be sustainability-oriented and compassionate for others, regardless of race or religion, thereby fostering harmony and unity. For further suggestions, the government and education sectors should use cartoons to promote knowledge transfer and community engagement
Universiti Awam dan SDG 2030: Memahami Peranan Universiti Awam Sebagai Badan Berkanun dalam Melaksana SDG 2030
No full textDunia masih jauh dari landasan untuk merealisasikan SDG 2030. Segala usaha mempertingkat kemajuan pendidikan boleh menjadi pemangkin untuk mencapai aspirasi negara berkaitan SDG 2030 dan universiti awam berada dalam kedudukan yang unik untuk membentuk generasi muda dan menyumbang kepada kemajuan sains, teknologi dan inovasi. Menerima pakai pendekatan keseluruhan negara (whole of nation) dalam RMKe-12, universiti awam di Malaysia telah meneruskan usaha yang proaktif dengan merancang dan melaksanakan inisiatif kelestarian yang lebih bersepadu untuk mencapai SDG 2030. Dari perspektif universiti awam sebagai badan berkanun, timbul persoalan adakah inisiatif kelestarian universiti awam perlu dilaksanakan sejajar dengan aspirasi negara dan dirangkum dalam laporan negara ke Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu melalui Malaysia Voluntary National Review? Melalui kaedah kajian analisis kandungan, peranan universiti awam sebagai badan berkanun dalam pelaksanaan SDG 2030 disemak. Universiti awam sebagai badan berkanun berperanan menyokong dan melaksanakan dasar dan program kerajaan persekutuan, bertanggungjawab memastikan dasar dan aktiviti universiti selari dengan SDG 2030 negara. Ini selaras dengan strategi kerajaan untuk meningkatkan pendekatan keseluruhan kerajaan (whole of government) di mana semua agensi perkhidmatan awam termasuk universiti awam sebagai badan berkanun perlu digerakkan ke arah SDG 2030
Penggunaan e-Komik terhadap Peningkatan Kemahiran Membaca Mekanis
No full textKemahiran membaca belum dikuasai ramai murid sekolah rendah dengan baik manakala kemahiran membaca khususnya mekanis merupakan kemahiran asas yang perlu dikuasai seawal sekolah rendah. Situasi sebegini memerlukan kajian tentang alternatif untuk meningkatkan kemahiran membaca mekanis sesuai dengan perkembangan semasa. Oleh itu, kajian ini mengkaji kesan e-komik terhadap kemahiran membaca, terutamanya kemahiran membaca mekanis, dalam kalangan murid tahun empat. Kajian ini merupakan kuasi eksperimen dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Kajian ini dijalankan melalui ujian pra-pasca kumpulan-kumpulan tidak setara atau seimbang (Non Equivalent Pre-Test Post Test Control Group Design). Data didapatkan melalui instrumen kajian berupa ujian bertulis dengan 60 peserta kajian yang terbahagi menjadi dua kumpulan. Kumpulan kawalan merupakan kumpulan yang menggunakan petikan bercetak buku teks, manakala kumpulan eksperimen adalah menggunakan e-komik. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa kemahiran membaca mekanis kumpulan eksperimen lebih tinggi secara signifikan berbanding kumpulan kawalan. Oleh itu, dapat disimpulkan bahawa e-komik berkesan terhadap peningkatan kemahiran membaca mekanis dalam kalangan murid tahun empat sekolah rendah. Hasil kajian menjadikan novelti dalam kajian yang berjaya menawarkan inovasi dalam media pembelajaran yang mengikut perkembangan semasa dunia pendidikan
The Selection of Mother-of-Pearls Shells for Inlay Lacquer Works Characterized from the Qing Dynasty
No full textThe application of mother-of-pearl for the traditional Chinese inlay lacquer ware during the Qing Dynasty achieved a high degree of design perfection with absolute unity. This material substantiates the development of art and technology in China. However, the inherent properties such as hardness, thickness, color and textures of the shells have subsequently affected the decorations. This paper systematically examined the physical properties and application methods from the two major shells applied during the era: the freshwater and saltwater shells. Experimental methods were adopted to reveal the role of materials and their suitability as decorative elements. The results showed that saltwater shells are suitable for intricate inlay patterns due to their higher hardness and lustre, while freshwater shells are more appropriate for large-scale, simple decorations due to their softer texture and thinner width. Hence, the research provides evidence for selecting accurate materials, thus offering new technical references for modern inlay techniques