Journal of the Geographical Institute "Jovan Cvijic" SASA - Geographical Institute "Jovan Cvijic"
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REGIONAL SPECIALIZATION IN SERBIA DURING THE PERIOD 2001–2015
Full text linkIn this paper, the specialization of regional economic structures—regional specialization in Serbia is analyzed by areas NUTS 3 level (oblasti) in the period 2001–2015 by using the Herfindahl index (indicator of absolute specialization) and Krugman specialization index (indicator of relative specialization). Cross-region analysis shows that the sectoral structure of activities by areas have converged (a decline in the degree of regional absolute specialization), and at the same time they became dissimilar in relation to the sectoral structure on the national level (an increase in the degree of regional relative specialization). As well as in other post-socialist countries in Central and Eastern Europe a change of employment structure by economic activities was initiated by intensive deindustrialization and, consequently, tertiarization, relocation of employment to service activities. A comparative analysis of research results of regional specialization in Serbia with research in several new EU member states, has shown similarities, particularly in regard to the decrease of regional absolute specialization and representation of different sectoral structures in the region of capital relative to other regions in the national context. As well as in CEE, the transition process in Serbia has additionally emphasized the polarized and spatially different pattern of regional development
THE NEXUS BETWEEN TOURISM AND REGIONAL REAL GROWTH: DYNAMIC PANEL THRESHOLD TESTING
Full text linkThis study analyzes the nexus between tourism and regional real growth for European regions at the Nomenclature of territorial units for statistics (NUTS), level 2, for the period 1995–2019. The study uses the dynamic panel threshold model to analyze complex relations between variables. As the dependent variable, we chose real growth rate of regional gross value added at basic prices by NUTS 2 regions. The independent variable is regional arrivals at tourist accommodation, while the control variables are health, household income, and employment at NUTS 2 regional level. The study found the threshold variable for 95% confidence interval. The marginal effects in the low inflation regime are higher compared to marginal effects in the high inflation regime. The study results support tourism-led growth hypothesis, indicating tourism as a one of the main drivers of regional growth. This research contributes to rare literature in application of dynamic panel threshold model in tourism. As an implication, this study can be used as a methodological approach to analyze the impact of different variables (not only tourism, but also innovations, technology, well-being, etc.) on regional growth, especially in countries with high regional differences, such as the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), Latin America, etc
FUNCTIONAL DEPENDENCE OF SETTLEMENTS AND ITS DEMOGRAPHIC COMPONENT IN THE TRANSITION PHASE OF THE DAILY URBAN SYSTEM
No full textThe transition period of post-socialist cities brought significant demographic and spatial changes within their daily urban systems (DUS). Functional transformations of the core, as well as functionally dependent settlements in the mentioned systems, had a significant impact on the daily mobility of the population. For the purposes of this paper, the example of Belgrade was taken as the core of the most significant DUS on the territory of Serbia, and beyond its borders. As a research time frame the focus is on the first intercensal period of the 21st century, taking into account social and economic changes in that period. The daily mobility of the labor force was used as a relevant indicator of the functional manifestation of the work center and the functional direction of the residential settlement. A model of the spatial manifestation of the workforce daily mobility was used as a basis for researching the structure, changes, and determining the boundaries of the territorial scope of the DUS. Based on the presented results, dynamic changes within the DUS of Belgrade were determined, which are manifested through an increase in its spatial and population coverage, as well as through the changes in the degree of functional dependence of the settlements that participate in it. Conclusions were drawn on the connection between the transformation of the DUS and its demographic component, as well as the factors that initiate the investigated changes
YEARS OF POTENTIAL LIFE LOST AMONG THE POPULATION: IS YPLL ANALYSIS A HELPFUL TOOL?
Full text linkMortality is one of the key determinants of the demographic development of the Republic of Srpska (RS). In the last 20 years, there has been an increase in the mortality rate, especially in the older population. Years of potential life lost (YPLL) were used in this study as a measure of the premature mortality of the population of the RS. The reference age limit is set at 70 years of age, therefore, premature mortality refers to all deaths in the age range from 0 to 69 years. The time frame includes a period of 20 years (1998–2018). The subject of the research is the YPLL analysis of the population of the RS, with a special emphasis on the causes of death. The study aims to determine the differences in YPLL according to gender and cause of death, as well as to indicate the factors influencing differential premature mortality. The results of the research indicate a decrease in YPLL by about 40%. Higher YPLL rates were registered in males. Differentiation according to the cause of death showed low values of YPLL in non-communicable diseases, while high rates were recorded in violent deaths. The decrease in the YPLL rate is a consequence of the reduction of infant mortality and violent deaths, while high values in males are a consequence of the influence of risk factors. Reducing these factors can have a significant impact on reducing YPLL rates among the population of the RS
PUBLIC SPACES AS A PALIMPSEST OF CITY LAYERS: THE CASE OF BAHARESTAN SQUARE IN TEHRAN (IRAN)
Full text linkThis paper intends to underline the importance of historic public spaces as the deposits of collective memories, proposing the critical analysis, reinterpretation, and systematization of relevant informative historical layers as a counter model to the globalizing tendencies and their fast pace of transformation. Baharestanis a historic square located in the northeast of Tehran’s Historic Center, and it is the home to Iran’s Parliament and the Ministry of Culture. It makes the square significant at the national level, especially due to its location surrounded by several exquiste historical heritage buildings. However, following the decline of Tehran’s historic center, Baharestan lost its socio-cultural vitality and spatial quality, hosting urban functions mainly heterogeneous to its identity, and eventually turning into a traffic node. Through the comparative study of numerous historical documents, and adapting the concept of “palimpsest”, Baharestan Square has been interpreted as the assemblage of different city layers in relation to the environmental and socio-political narratives of the city. The shift from one layer to another intends to reflect some of the lost memories of Tehran and its collective identity in the transition from traditional to modern society. Later on, the paper argues how this palimpsest quality and co-evolution of those plural layers and narratives in Baharestan demonstrate this symbolic square as a “catalytic social infrastructure”, giving Tehran an opportunity to overcome the challenge of “social amnesia” and promoting its civic culture and cohesion
WOMEN RAINWATER HARVESTERS IN EDUCATION FOR RAINWATER UTILIZATION
Full text linkThis research aims to describe the role of women in education on and utilization of rainwater to increase awareness and insight into water conservation in both the family and community environment. Women are faced with gender differences in the inclusion into the society. Nine respondents participated in this research which consisted of three female community members, three women residents, and three men residents around the Banyu Bening community, Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The triangulation of data sources included the community leader, community members, and one of the participating families. The data analysis model used was from Miles and Huberman. The results showed that women played a very important role in the utilization and teaching on rainwater utilization. Women are the main pillars in the success of education and environmental management, especially at the family level. They are the most capable of providing teaching and developing environmental attitudes in their children and the community, and they are also the agents of change and teaching on sustainable environment
EVALUATION OF THE EFFICIENCY AND QUALITY OF THE TRAM ROUTE OF SETIF CITY, ALGERIA: COMBINING AHP AND GIS APPROACHES
Full text linkThe study aims to evaluate the efficiency of the tram track in the urban transport system of the Algerian city of Setif by combining Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Geographic Information System (GIS) approach. In this research, a set of multiple pre-determined criteria applicable in the field of urban transport were selected for decision-making. They were collected from recent research literature and expert opinions in this discipline, and then were arranged and evaluated in the AHP to extract the main weights for each criterion. In the end, they were processed spatially by using GIS. The study showed that the selection of the tramway track in the city of Setif was not successful in terms of the chosen location, and its selection was not studied according to the efficiency and quality criteria applicable in the field of urban transport. In addition, the study concluded that there is a significant shortfall in the first tram track, especially the one linking the tram route to the northern and southern parts of the city, which affected the efficiency and quality of the tram route. As the results have shown, the percentage of good spaces near the tram route does not exceed 0.34%. It is followed by the percentage of the average and acceptable areas (13.48%) and then the percentage of the marginalized areas and the areas far from the tram track (86.18% of the total area of the city). The study also demonstrated the importance of using AHP and GIS in evaluating a completed tram track according to a comprehensive and widely studied scientific methodology
HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION AND LOSS OF GRASSLAND IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
Full text linkTwo databases related to grassland in Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H) have been used in this research—the Copernicus Grassland (GRA) and CORINE Land Cover (CLC). The data have been processed by using GIS tools, and the spatial distribution of grass vegetation in relation to three biogeographical and four elevation zones has been determined. By using the Copernicus Water and Wetness (WaW) database, an insight into the coverage of grass vegetation in wetlands has been obtained. In addition, the analysis of changes in databases determined the total amount and location of the largest grassland losses. Based on GRA database, B&H is one of the richest countries, with 22.4% of its territory covered by grassland. According to the CLC database, pastures occupy 6.3% and natural grasslands 5.6% of the territory of B&H. However, grassland is exposed to various anthropogenic and natural processes that affect its distribution, quality, functions, etc. The CLC database has been processed by extracting the grasslands (pastures and natural grasslands) and calculating their spatial coverage and changes which happened during the three six-year periods from 2000 to 2018. The trend of decreasing pasture areas and increasing natural grasslands has been noticed. The pastures are most endangered by the processes of conversion to other types of agricultural land, while natural grassland increased spatial coverage during the period 2012–2018 mostly due to the revitalization and grazing of burned areas in the region of Herzegovina. Grasslands have been particularly targeted for afforestation and cropland conversion at present
PUBLIC PERCEPTION OF THE URBAN PLUVIAL FLOODS RISK—CASE STUDY OF POREČ (CROATIA)
Full text linkPluvial floods are rain-related floods that occur when water drainage is not fast enough due to heavy rainfall. One of the key components in the management of the urban pluvial flood risk (UPFR) is risk perception (RP). The objective of this paper was to define factors of RP based on the selected variables and to examine their reliability. Emphasis is placed on the contextualization of five factors related to cognition: awareness of the risk of pluvial floods (F1) and situation: anthropogenic causes of pluvial floods (F2), natural causes of pluvial floods (F3), consequences of pluvial floods in the future (F4), and preparedness for pluvial floods (F5). Furthermore, historical pluvial floods data were acquired from multiple sources and used to determine the distance of respondents' homes from frequently flooded places. The results showed that the questionnaire was consistent, i.e., factors are highly reliable. Significant differences were observed in the F2 regarding the gender of the respondents, and in the F4 regarding their age. Preparedness for the danger (F5) is the lowest perceived factor. Results from this study can facilitate communication between experts, decision-makers, and citizens
METEOROLOGICAL DROUGHT IN SOUTHWEST BULGARIA DURING THE PERIOD 1961–2020
Full text linkAlthough drought is a common phenomenon in Southern Europe, including Bulgaria, it can have adverse effects on human life and economic activities (water scarcity, reduced agricultural production, and economic losses to agriculture). This event occurs regionally, but it can spread over large areas. Whether it will be perceived as a hazard depends on the affected areas and the degree of impact. The article aims to provide new insight into the meteorological drought in the most densely populated NUTS 2 region of Bulgaria—the Yugozapaden (Southwestern). Based on Standardized Precipitation Indices (SPI-1 and SPI-3), its occurrence during the period 1961–2020 was analysed in terms of duration, intensity, and magnitude. The maximum drought duration and average drought intensity were determined using SPI-1. The seasonal distribution of drought shows its higher frequency in spring and summer, but on the other side, extreme drought was more common in winter and autumn. The maximum drought duration was observed mainly in the 1990s