Journal of the Geographical Institute "Jovan Cvijic" SASA - Geographical Institute "Jovan Cvijic"
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THE IMPACT OF LAND USE DYNAMICS ON THE SOIL EROSION IN THE PANCHNOI RIVER BASIN, NORTHEAST INDIA
Get PDFLand use (LU) dynamics and its relation to the accelerated soil erosion phenomenon in two broad geomorphic divisions of the Panchnoi River basin of Northeast India have studied. The present study was based on the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE). To measure the impact of the LU dynamics on soil erosion, the basin was divided into two broad geomorphic divisions, i.e., plain zone and hilly zone, and the rate of soil erosion has been estimated separately for both of the geomorphic divisions. It has been found that in the plain zone, LU dynamics significantly accelerated soil erosion—from 0.52 ton/ha/yr in 1990 to 0.94 ton/ha/yr in 2015. Similarly, the vegetation density decreased significantly in the mountainous and hilly zone as the mean Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) value changed from 0.45 in 1990 to 0.35 in 2015, which accelerated soil erosion from 12.06 ton/ha/yr to 18.30 ton/ha/yr from 1990 to 2015. The study indicates that soil erosion may give rise to a severe environmental as well as economic problem in the Panchnoi river basin, which may trigger issues related to the soil fertility of the basin area
LICHENS AS INDICATORS OF AIR QUALITY IN BALNEOLOGICAL CENTER PROLOM BANJA (SOUTHERN SERBIA)
Get PDFThis paper deals with using lichens as a bioindicators of the air quality and it was conducted on the territory of balneological center Prolom Banja (Southern Serbia). The exploration was conducted in the year 2019. The analysis of the sample from 15 investigated points indicates the presence of 72 lichen taxa, which shows that this area is rich in lichen species. For each investigated point, the index values of atmospheric purity (IAP) and index of human impact (IHI) were calculated. The IAP values varied in range from 40 to 56, while IHI values ranged between 8 and 24. Therefore, the map showing the air quality of the investigated area was made. There is a presence of “normal lichen zone” on the map which indicates that the air quality in this area is quite good. There are no significant air pollution sources in this area, so the level of pollution is considered low or very low. In the investigated area there are not stations for the monitoring of physico-chemical parameters of air quality. The investigation of air quality on the territory of Prolom Banja has not been done until now.
THE ATTITUDES OF THE LOCAL POPULATION TOWARD THE IMPORTANCE OF CULTURAL AND HISTORICAL HERITAGE
Get PDFThe cultural and historical heritage of an area represents a significant part of the lives and work of the population living in that area. In addition to being an integral part of the local identity, it also has tourist significance. The Municipality of Pale (Bosnia and Herzegovina) has significant cultural resources and as such has higher prerequisites for developing various types of tourist activities. The aim of the research presented in this paper is to determine the attitudes of the residents of Pale toward cultural and historical heritage. The authors examined the attitudes of the people of Pale toward the importance of cultural and historical heritage at the local and national level, its importance for the development of tourism and economic prosperity as well as the improvement of the life quality. The attitude of the population of Pale toward the importance of cultural and historical heritage protection is examined, as well. The paper also analyzes whether there is a difference in the attitudes of the people with regard to gender, age, education, and employment. For this research, we used a quantitative methodology to analyze respondents’ attitudes based on descriptive statistical techniques and non-parametric tests. The main results of our survey revealed that positive residents’ attitudes toward cultural heritage prevail. Also, the study revealed that there is no statistically significant difference in the residents’ attitudes in relation to gender, but that there is a significant difference in attitudes in relation to age, education, and employment
HYDROLOGICAL DROUGHT ASSESSMENT OF THE TISZA RIVER
Get PDFDrought is a natural phenomenon that occurs when the availability of water is significantly below the normal levels during a shorter or longer period of time and cannot meet the necessary demand. This study focused on hydrological drought assessment of the Tisza River on four gauging stations: Vásárosnamény, Szolnok, Szeged, and Senta for the period 1964–2018. An effective Streamflow Drought Index (SDI) has been recently proposed and widely used for determining hydrological droughts. Both long- and short-term droughts have very severe impacts on the investigated locations. Two drought periods can be singled out: the first period was from 1983 to 1993, with the exceptions in 1985 and 1987. This period is characterized by higher absolute SDI values on Vásárosnamény (–0.84) and Szolnok (–0.87) than on Szeged (–0.29) and Senta (–0.40) stations. The second period was more severe and lasted from 2011 to 2015, with an average SDI value of –1.32 on Vásárosnamény, –1.08 on Szolnok, –0.53 on Szeged, and –0.57 on Senta station. The Mann-Kendall test results indicate that there is no trend indicating transition from humid towards more arid condition over the investigated period
THE IMPACT OF MIGRATION PROCESSES ON THE ECONOMY OF UKRAINE: TRENDS, REASONS, CONSEQUENCES
Get PDFMigration is one of the main factors of globalization and it is not likely that it can be stopped as it is objective and, in most cases, is linked to the ability of the workforce to respond quickly to the changes in the society and the economy. The paper is devoted to the research of the impact of migration on the economic and social development of Ukraine's population. The methods used in the preparation of the paper are: analytical, descriptive, comparative, statistical, graphic, and critical. The paper was written on the basis of the official domestic and international data and also on the results of sociological research in which the main intentions and motives of potential migrants are investigated. On the base of the conducted research, we can conclude that, at the current stage, migration growth in Ukraine is related to structural changes in the economy and the labor market, economic growth slowdown, low wages, and quality of life compared to the nearest neighbor countries, visa liberalization with EU countries, and access to education abroad. One of the aims of the paper was to calculate the hypothetical losses of GDP from human capital migration
THE CHALLENGES IN HYPERVELOCITY MICROPHYSICS RESEARCH ON METEOROID IMPACTS INTO THE ATMOSPHERE
Get PDFMeteor science contributes greatly to the study of the Solar System and the Earth’s atmosphere. However, despite its importance and very long history, meteor science still has a lot to explore in the domain of meteor plasma microphysics and the meteor–ionosphere interaction. Meteors are actually a difficult target for high‐resolution observations, which leads to the need for more ambitious interdisciplinary observational setups and campaigns. We describe some recent developments in the physics of meteor flight and microphysics of meteor plasma and argue that meteor science should be fully integrated into the science cases of large astronomical facilities
