Journal of the Geographical Institute "Jovan Cvijic" SASA - Geographical Institute "Jovan Cvijic"
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HOW DO JOB-RELATED CONSTRUCTS DETERMINE EMPLOYEE TURNOVER? SERBIAN HOTELS EXAMPLE
Full text linkIn the hospitality industry, employee turnover is extremely high. It is often caused by minimal growth opportunities, intensive work, lack of flexibility, limited opportunities for promotion, lack of recognition, etc. Investment in human resources, strategies that maintain an adequate workforce and improve employee engagement is quite justified cost with multiple returns. The specific issue is that hospitality leaders often do not know the relationships between employee satisfaction, employee motivation and employee engagement, which may be the basis for understanding their intention to leave the job. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the three job-related constructs: motivation, job satisfaction, and work engagement, as well as to examine their impact on employee turnover. The results confirmed a positive relationship between job satisfaction and motivation, satisfaction and work engagement, as well as the relationship between motivation and engagement. On the other side, the results showed that job satisfaction, dedication, and vigor negatively predict employee turnover. The findings may provide hotel managers with a foundation to understand this issue and assume where to direct their research and how to improve job conditions
ASSESSMENT OF WATER QUALITY DURING THE FLOODS IN MAY 2014, SERBIA
Full text linkFloods are considered to be the most common natural disaster which causes more destructive effects than other natural disasters including loss of human life, property and infrastructure damage, as well as a negative impact on social and economic development. Besides these consequences, floods also affect water quality. The aim of this paper is to present water quality impairment caused by the floods in Serbia in May 2014. The parameters of water quality were measured 13 times in 2014 (12 ordinary monthly measurements and one extraordinary measurement during the flood) in hydrological stations Ostružnica and Šabac (on the river Sava) and Badovinci (on the river Drina). The Canadian Water Quality Index (CWQI) was used for water quality assessment. This method calculates the overall water quality and the water quality for specific conditions and purposes including: drinking, aquatic habitats, recreation, irrigation, and livestock. Water quality decline was recorded in all the stations in overall water quality as well as for specific uses. Turbidity and heavy metals values were tens of times higher than normal ranges. The most drastic example was Al with the values which were thousand(s) of times higher than the objective
SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF SPECIFIC RUNOFF IN SERBIA BASED ON RAINFALL-RUNOFF RELATIONSHIP
Full text linkOne of the indicators of water potential and water resources is specific runoff. Specific runoff for the whole territory of Serbia was obtained using the exponential relation between depth of runoff Y (mm) and precipitation P (mm). This relation is obtained on the basis of the mean annual amount of precipitation and annual water discharge, namely the depth of the runoff for 69 basins for the period 1961–2010. Coefficient of determination (R²) of relation between the depth of runoff and precipitation is 0.72. The differences between measured and modeled values of specific runoff vary from basin to basin, but at the level of the whole Serbia it is 3.5%. More precisely, the measured specific runoff amounts 5.6 l/s/km2, and the modeled specific runoff is 5.7 l/s/km2. The verification was done by applying the model to 11 large river basins in Serbia. Spatial distribution of the modeled specific runoff is presented by a digital map of specific runoff with pixel resolution 100 × 100 m which enables the estimation of mean annual water discharge in any ungauged basin in Serbia
UTILIZATION OF HOT SPOT ANALYSIS IN THE DETECTION OF SPATIAL DETERMINANTS AND CLUSTERS OF THE SPANISH FLU MORTALITY
Full text linkThe Spanish flu appeared at the end of the First World War and spread around the world in three waves: spring-summer in 1918, which was mild; autumn fatal wave, in the same year; and winter wave in 1919, which also had great consequences. From the United States of America, as the cradle of its origin, the Spanish flu spread to all the inhabited continents, and it did not bypass Serbia either. Research on the Spanish flu, as the deadliest and most widespread pandemic in the human history, was mostly based on statistical researches. The development of the geographic information systems and spatial analyses has enabled the implementation of the information of location in existing researches, allowing the identification of the spatial patterns of infectious diseases. The subject of this paper is the spatial patterns of the share of deaths from the Spanish flu in the total population in Valjevo Srez (in Western Serbia), at the settlement level, and their determination by the geographical characteristics of the studied area—the average altitude and the distance of the settlement from the center of the Srez. This paper adopted hot spot analysis, based on Gi* statistic, and the results indicated pronounced spatial disparities (spatial grouping of values), for all the studied parameters. The conclusions derived from the studying of historical spatial patterns of infectious diseases and mortality can be applied as a platform for defining measures in the case of an epidemic outbreak with similar characteristics
TOURISM ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INDUSTRIAL RESTRUCTURING: GLOBE NATIONAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE DIMENSIONS
Full text linkNational culture can influence entrepreneurship by creating a specific cultural framework that defines the possibilities for the recognition of opportunities for entrepreneurial activities, as well as their social desirability. Very large corporations, especially those that dominate a region, also have their own organizational cultures, which in turn influence local social culture, and which can constitute a specific subculture within society. The “Kolubara” mine is the largest in Serbia, employing more than 11,000 workers. As most of its employees are living close to its headquarters, the small town of Lazarevac (Central Serbia), the culture nurtured within this organization and among its employees is heavily intertwined with the social culture of the inhabitants of the town. The GLOBE (Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness) approach was used to investigate the relation between this organizational culture and national culture, by measuring the nine GLOBE cultural dimensions of the “Kolubara” employees and of the inhabitants of Lazarevac. The results of this are discussed and analyzed in the context of the ongoing economic transformation in many post-socialist economies. This study highlights the readiness of the people of small industrial towns, such as Lazarevac, to adapt to this ongoing transition and to undertake entrepreneurial activities in tourism during periods of industrial restructuring and the growth of service industries in former industrial areas
THE IMPORTANCE OF GROUND-BASED AND SATELLITE OBSERVATIONS FOR MONITORING AND ESTIMATION OF UV RADIATION IN NOVI SAD (SERBIA)
Full text linkSolar ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a significant health hazard in the warm part of the year. In order to assess the level of hazard and the effects of UV radiation on the living world, long-term measured or estimated data are needed. In Novi Sad, the measurement of UV radiation has been performed since 2003, while ozone measurements have been made since 2007. However, those data sets are too short for assessing long-term biological effects. Therefore, several techniques for reconstruction of UV radiation doses have been developed. Reconstruction techniques are based on using available ground-based measurements of the meteorological data and satellite measurements of the total ozone column. It is shown that techniques that use ozone data show better performance than those that use only ground-based meteorological measurements. However, the difference between the performances of the methods is smaller when it comes to the monthly values, indicating that the techniques which use only ground-based meteorological measurements are roughly as good as the ozone-based techniques for assessing long-term changes in the surface UV radiation. The statistically significant increasing long term-trend of annual mean erythemal UV doses (ERY) and the decreasing trend in the total ozone column in Novi Sad since 1981 have been noticed. An increase in ERY has been noticed in all the seasons except in autumn and it is the highest in winter. The analysis showed that the increase in the ERY in the period 1981–1996 was mainly caused by the total ozone column, while the increase after 1996 is largely caused by cloudiness
SEASONAL DISTRIBUTION OF URBAN HEAT ISLAND INTENSITY IN BELGRADE (SERBIA)
Full text linkThe aim of this study is to quantify the intensity of the urban heat island in Belgrade through the seasons. Air temperature observations from 23 meteorological stations in Serbia in the period 1949–2008 were analyzed. Using cluster analysis, we identify the group of stations which the data from the meteorological station Belgrade are the most similar to. It has been shown that, through all the seasons, air temperatures in Belgrade are significantly higher than the average in the wider surroundings. The greatest difference is in winter (1.4 °C), and the smallest is in summer, when it is 0.9 °C. It is greater in fall (1.2 °C) than during spring months, when it is 1.0 °C. Although the contribution of air temperatures in Belgrade to the increase of the average value of air temperature in its cluster is statistically significant, it is without any practical significance
THE IMPACT OF TOURISM DEMAND ON REGIONAL INFLATION IN TURKEY
Full text linkThe main purpose of this study is to examine the effects of total tourism demand as well as the effects of both foreign and domestic tourism demand (measured by overnight stays) on regional inflation in Turkey based on the Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics regions classified by Turkish Statistical Institute. To obtain the region-specific effects of tourism demand on inflation, we used the Random Coefficient Regression developed by Swamy by using the annual panel data over the period between 2004 and 2013. Before estimating Swamy Random Coefficients Regressions, we first tested the existence of cross-sectional dependence among the regions of Turkey. And then, based on the results of these tests, we examined the stationarity properties of variables by using second-generation panel unit root tests. The results of the study indicate that there are significant differences in regional effects of different forms of overnight stays on regional inflation. Also, the results show that the contribution of domestic overnight stays to overall and regional inflation is greater than that of foreign overnight stays. Thus, the findings of the study have significant importance in Turkey for designing tourism, industrialization, and monetary policies, particularly aiming to reduce the inflation by adopting inflation targeting regime
RECENT AND FUTURE AIR TEMPERATURE AND PRECIPITATION CHANGES IN THE MOUNTAINOUS NORTH OF MONTENEGRO
Full text linkThe aim of the research of this paper is changes in air temperature and precipitation in the north of Montenegro in the instrumental period (1951–2018) and projections up to 2100. Kolašin was chosen because the altitude of the place is the average height of the northern region of Montenegro (about 1000 m), the meteorological station has not changed its location since the beginning of instrumental measurements, and homogeneity was tested (for the instrumental period). In general, the climate of Kolašin (1951–2018) has become warmer and with more frequent extreme daily temperatures and precipitations in an upward trend. When it comes to the projections for the north of this Mediterranean country, according to the A1B scenario of the Regional Climate Model EBU-POM, the results indicate warmer conditions and very warm ones at the end of the 21st century. The projected reduction of the annual number of almost all the considered rainfall days also implies that a slightly more arid future is expected. The climate of the mountainous north of Montenegro is changing, and the results presented in this paper may serve decision makers to take some measures of adaptation (in tourism, agriculture, architecture, water management, etc.) and climate change mitigation