Journal of the Geographical Institute "Jovan Cvijic" SASA - Geographical Institute "Jovan Cvijic"
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ASSESSMENT ON THE IMPACT OF THE TRIPURA EARTHQUAKE (JANUARY 3, 2017, MW = 5.6) IN NORTHEAST INDIA
Full text linkThe northeastern part of the Indian subcontinent, considered as the most active seismic zone of the Indian subcontinent, was hit by an earthquake of Mw 5.6 on January 3, 2017. The epicenter of this earthquake was Kanchanbari located in the Dhalai district of Tripura. The present study aims to assess the environmental and socio-economic impact of this earthquake in the vicinity of the epicenter. To assess and determine the level of damage, the affected areas were visited during the first week of the 2017 earthquake. Various Government offices were also consulted to acquire data on damages caused by the earthquake. Moreover, Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System (RS & GIS) techniques were applied to address the influence of this earthquake on bank erosion. During the field visit, the striking features of soil liquefaction generated by the earthquake were observed in the flood plain area of the Manu River. Landslide, with three casualties in India and the neighbor Bangladesh, and damages of infrastructure were also reported. Additionally, an assessment of the bank erosion study revealed that the rate of the post-earthquake bank erosion increased to 592%, compared to the pre-earthquake bank erosion within the study length of the Manu River. The findings highlighted that the impact of this earthquake is minimal. However, the seismotectonic features and observation of the liquefaction within the risk zone of the earthquake indicate a possible significant threat for the future
DEBRIS FLOWS IN KRESNA GORGE (BULGARIA)—GEOMORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND WEATHER CONDITIONS
Full text linkOver the last decades, numerous extreme climate events such as extreme temperatures, droughts, heavy precipitation, and storms associated with climate change have been recorded in many countries, including Bulgaria. As a result, geomorphological hazards such as landslides, debris flows, mudflows, high-speed soil erosion, etc. often occur on the territory of the country. The debris flow is one of the most common hazardous processes in small catchments of the main river basins in Bulgaria. The Kresna Gorge located in the middle part of Struma River valley is a typical area with such processes which often cause the damages to the E79 international highway. The purpose of the present study is to characterize debris flows in Kresna Gorge (southwestern part of Bulgaria) by comparative analysis between the two events (occurred on May 24, 2009 and July 28, 2019). In order to achieve the aim of the study the geomorphological features and flow type of 2019 event were identified and the results were compared with the previous publications which investigated the event on May 24, 2009. In the present paper, the sediments and the type of transportation of the investigated event (July 2019) were determined by grain-size and clast-shape analysis. The impact of weather conditions on debris flow occurrence was shown by the analysis of the synoptic conditions on the day before the event. The results of the study bring to clarifying the geological-geomorphological and meteorological factors for the occurrence of debris flow and are important for geomorphological hazard management
TERRITORIAL IMAGE AND BRANDING AS TOOLS FOR DEVELOPING WESTERN KAZAKHSTAN AS A TOURIST DESTINATION
Full text linkWith the development of tourism, it has been necessary modernization of ways on being attended by tourists. Comparatively new method of influencing to a customer is branding, has been the most significant process in terms of promotion, which identify features of exact territory in contribution of competitive activities for being attractive for tourists. The article is aimed to identify the existing and promising tourist brands of Western Kazakhstan. Since territorial branding is a key factor in the development of tourism industry, the authors conducted a survey among respondents from different regions of Kazakhstan to identify potential tourist brands, main associations, as well as challenges and opportunities for recreation and tourism. The research was carried out using the Google Forms platform and sociological survey. The research results prove that there are unofficial leading brands in the region, which are likely to become the region’s official tourist symbols. Besides, both favorable and unfavorable factors for recreation demonstrate the controversial development of tourism industry in the research area. Creation, development, and promotion of a tourist brand plays an important role in the tourism and recreation area. This contributes to strengthening the tourist destination image in the tourism market
CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION: THE CASE OF COASTAL COMMUNITIES IN THE PHILIPPINES
Full text linkClimate change poses challenges and risks to coastal communities, and the adaptation of local residents is a critically relevant issue that needs to be addressed in the policymaking process. The main purpose of this paper is to determine the perceptions and experiences of climate change among coastal community residents in the Philippines. This study used a combination of methods, such as participatory mapping exercises, focus group discussions, key informant interviews, and document analyses. The data, which were primarily collected from three coastal villages in the province of Bulacan, were subjected to a thematic network analysis. The findings revealed four dominant themes pertaining to climate change adaptation in a coastal community setting: vulnerability conditions, risk awareness, risk perceptions, and climate change awareness and perceptions. In particular, it was found out that the communities were exposed to the threats of natural hazards like flood and storm surge. Such exposure highlighted the residents' concerns over the risks of hazards on their livelihoods and properties. The residents also observed the unpredictability and the worsening effects of climate change. With their direct experiences of the natural hazards' impacts and awareness of the presence of risks, residents had undertaken actions to build their adaptive capacity. This study then highlights the value of integrating local knowledge into the mapping exercises, revealing crucial information regarding vulnerabilities, risks, and adaptation practices
SPATIO-TEMPORAL VARIABILITY OF PRECIPITATION OVER THE WESTERN BALKAN COUNTRIES AND ITS LINKS WITH THE ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION PATTERNS
Full text linkTemporal and spatial variability of annual and seasonal precipitation from 71 stations located in Western Balkan (WB) countries (Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Montenegro) and their correlations with nine atmospheric circulation patterns was examined for the period 1950–2016. Annual precipitation increased significantly throughout the WB (from 2% to 8% per decade) on 20% of stations located mainly in the mountainous western Serbia and eastern Bosnia and Herzegovina. Winter was characterized by non-significant precipitation changes in most of the studied area, with only a few stations characterized by significant precipitation increase (up to 12% per decade) in the mountainous area of WB, and a few stations characterized by significant decrease (up to –6% per decade) in the Pannonian plain. Significant precipitation increase was noticed on 15% of the stations in spring, while it was noticed on 17% of the stations in autumn. Summer precipitation decreased significantly (up to –5% per decade) on a limited area of northern Serbia (6% of the stations), while the majority of stations showed non-significant increase. The strongest influences on annual precipitation in WB region are of the Arctic Oscillation (AO) and Mediterranean Oscillation (MO), leading to the precipitation decrease during their positive phases. Winter precipitation is significantly negatively correlated with AO, East Atlantic/Western Russia oscillation (EA/WR), and North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and has a significant positive correlation with Western Mediterranean Oscillation (WeMO) on the majority of stations. MO has the strongest influence on summer precipitation in WB region leading to precipitation decrease, while AO has the dominant influence on precipitation in the region during autumn
EDITORIAL ON JUBILEE: THE FIRST 70 YEARS OF THE JOURNAL OF THE GEOGRAPHICAL INSTITUTE “JOVAN CVIJIĆ” SASA
Full text linkASSESSMENT OF SHORELINE POSITIONAL UNCERTAINTY USING REMOTE SENSING AND GIS TECHNIQUES: A CASE STUDY FROM THE EAST COAST OF INDIA
Full text linkThe focus of this research was to assess the shoreline changes by comparing the satellite data from 1980 to 2020. The study area falls in the region between Kodiakarai and Nagapattinam of the east coast of India, which has frequently been distressed by storm surges and cyclones in the Bay of Bengal. The Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) detects and measures the erosional and accretional shoreline positions through the statistics of the Shoreline Change Envelope, Net Shoreline Movement, End Point Rate, Linear Regression Rate, and Weighted Linear Regression. The results show that the shoreline from Kodiakkarai to Nagapattinam suffered severe erosion of 17.7% in total with an average annual erosion rate of 3.4 m/year from 1980 to 2020 and the rate of erosion ranged between 0.1 m/year to 19.8 m/year. About 90.5% of the total shoreline was faced high erosion during the period between 2000 and 2010. The maximum erosion was about 1061 m from 2000 to 2010, the maximum accretion was found to be 1002 m in transects at Kodiakkarai during 2010 to 2020. After the effect of 2004 tsunami, the corresponding changes in littoral currents caused the drastic erosion and accretion in this shoreline. The DSAS prediction model shows that 19.3% of the current shoreline will erode in 2030. The maximum predicted erosion is 406 m at Kodiakkarai and the maximum predicted accretion is 148 m at Nagapattinam region. The coastal zone from Kodiakkarai to Nagapattinam needs special attention to prevent the erosion and it is recommended to build suitable coastal protection structures along the coast for sustainable development and to execute the coastal zone management for this region
CHANGES IN THE HIERARCHY OF SETTLEMENTS AND ATTITUDE OF THE LOCAL POPULATION: EVIDENCE FROM A DEVELOPING REGION
Full text linkIn post-socialist European countries, smaller cities were most vulnerable to economic restructuring during the transition years, as a result of which they suffered political and economic changes. These changes significantly influenced the hierarchy of these settlements in the settlement system. The phenomenon of urban hierarchy and changes in the hierarchy of settlements are rare research topics in Serbia. In this research, Kolubara District (in Western Serbia) is used as a case study because it has a good traffic position, as well as good potential for industrial development, but despite this, its inhabitants migrate to larger cities. This paper tests Schmook’s method for the centrality of settlements. A survey was used to examine the attitude of the local population in regard to the centrality and hierarchy of settlements. A closed type questionnaire was used. The results show that the local population has a positive attitude toward the functional development of the cities in the Kolubara District
PAST STUDIES AND POTENTIAL MEASURES FOR REHABILITATION OF THE SHALLOW LAKE (LAKE LUDAŠ)
Full text linkLake Ludaš has been under a strong anthropogenic influence for a very long time, so the history of fruitful scientific investigation was very often connected with the evaluation of a human impact and potential rehabilitation measures. Unfortunately, attempts to improve the lake's natural status remain more in the field of theoretical models than concrete practical solutions. Aiming to better understand the potential of different rehabilitation measures for Lake Ludaš, we combined our ecological analyses (unpublished results) and the literature survey. The continuous massive cyanobacterial bloom and the formation of a thick sediment layer rich in different organic and inorganic pollutants represent two major challenges in the lake's rehabilitation. The unknown ecological role of invasive species that have already colonised Lake Ludaš will make the attempts to improve conditions in the lake even more challenging. The reduction of nutrient load, changes in the intensity and directions of water circulation, as well as top sediment layer removal in the lake, are measures under consideration for several decades. But their combination, order of implementation and possibilities of successful execution are still under debate. However, there is no doubt that the restoration of a natural hydrological regime should be a key step in the rehabilitation of Lake Ludaš