ETHICS IN PROGRESS
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Constructive Empathizing – Educational Competence in the Light of Child’s Play
Get PDFPre-school play is an important moment in a child’s development. Caretakers play an important role during play. This article presents a structure of educational competence called “constructive empathizing” or “invitingaccompanying competence”. A caretaker’s special task during child’s play is conversion between the third-person knowledge and a subjective, autotelic interaction. The caretaker’s constructive empathizing during a child’s play determines the child’s social and moral development, it helps the child to turn play into work, as a sign of higher spontaneous understanding of cultural norms standing behind cultural correctness actions. Finally, it is evidence of dynamic interaction between abstract-concrete thinking, with the child learning from the caretaker
O separacji między prawem i moralnością. Glosa do Czystej teorii prawa Hansa Kelsena
Get PDFThis paper is dedicated to the problem of separation legal and moral order from the perspective of Kelsen`s Pure Theory of Law. In discussing the need for such a separation, the author shows its relevant consequences. According to the most controversial of them, the “amoral law” seems to be a very sovereign normative concept. But still another question arises – wouldlegal subjects be able to cooperate with the law when its effectiveness is only based on the coercive power and sanctions
„…ich hab gedacht: aah Kind, ne kannst du net, schaffst du net…“ – Der Übergang zur Elternschaft einer alleinstehenden Hartz IVEmpfängerin
Get PDFWorkshop in Kinderphilosophie: Ich-Du-Wir. Eine philosophische Entdeckung des Anderen
Get PDFDie Autorin präsentiert ihr Konzept fü r einen Workshop in Kinderphilosophie, in welchem sie eine theoretische Darstellung der Problematik der Begegnungsphilosophie – in einem pädagogischen Kontext – sowie eine detaillierte Gliederung des Workshops darstellt. Die Teilnehmerinnen und Teilnehmer dieses Workshops sollen die philosophischethische Problematik des Anderen kennenlernen, sie werden dazu befähigt, die folgenden dialogphilosophischen Begriffe zu unterscheiden und inhaltlich abzugrenzen: das Andere, die/der Andere, Dialog, Begegnung, Relation, Solidarität. Die Autorin präsentiert hier, wie die Denkweisen einiger Philosophen auf spielerische Art den Kindern nähergebracht werden (Martin Buber, Emmanuel Lévinas, Jó zef Tischner). Die Kinder sollen somit erfahren, was die Begegnungsphilosophie beinhaltet, aber vor allem werden die mit den Phänomenen der Alterität konfrontiert. Das Ziel ist es, die soziale und kulturelle Akzeptanz der Kinder fü r den Anderen zu vertiefe
Feminism and the Cooling of Intimacy. Unintended Consequences of Women’s Movements
Get PDFNumerous diagnoses of contemporary transformations of love and eroticism emphasise the fact that the intimate life has become democratised and liberated. Anthony Giddens argues that personal relationships increasingly become compatible with the model of pure relationship, which means that they are more egalitarian and that both partners are free to choose and to negotiate the shape of their relations. Jeffrey Weeks claims that in “the world that we have won”, women, homosexuals and queers are increasingly considered as equal to heterosexual men. Most scholars agree that feminism(together with gays’ and lesbians’ movements) is one of most important factors that enabled the democratisation of intimacy. Yet, it is possible to distinguish some interesting approaches that examine the unintended consequences of women’s emancipation. Sociologists like Arlie Russell Hochschild and Eva Illouz recognise the importance of feminism in democratising intimacy, thus they also claim that liberation of women has entailed rationalisation and commercialisation of intimacy. One of Hochschild’s main thesis is that feminism commercialises intimacy by legitimising “the commercial spirit of intimate life”. What is more, she argues that instead of humanizing men feminism is capitalising women. On the other hand, Illouz persuades that feminism – together with therapeutic discourse – rationalises intimacy by emphasising the necessity of analysing and quantifying all aspects of intimate life. Hochschild and Illouz claim that feminism unintentionally makes intimacy “cold” – that is that it suggests focusing on personal autonomy and perceiving warm and close bonds as an endangerment for that autonomy. The cooling entails loosening of family and intimate relationships and making individuals more attached to the market. In the end, both sociologists agree that “cool” branches of feminism make women similar to men and intimacy similar to the marke
Dixit. Gra filozoficzna zamiast gamingu
Get PDFThis article presents an alternative way of organizing lessons using games. Dixit is a game that facilitates mental development, including development of imagination, creative and critical thinking, social skills, and of an increased sense of belonging to the group. It makes the student more willing to take part in lessons and positively perceive their school life. In the era of widely available gaming, great variety of interactive games, daily availability of iPads and tablets, students’ interest in the lesson is sometimes more difficult. Especially when it concerns the activities in which the student decides whether he wants to attend. An example would be ethics or philosophy; on these lessons, although voluntary participation, there is a subject no less important than those taught compulsorily. The role of the teacher is to organize lessons for the student, which will encourage participation and facilitate the transfer of knowledge on the topic
Does our Past have a Motivational Effect? Our Reasons for Acting: Sartre’s Philosophy of Action
Get PDFThe goal of my paper is to consider how one chooses one’s own action. First, I will try to understand how both his past and his environment can condition someone\u27s action. According to Sartre, we can act without being determined by our past which is always separated from us. It will be important to understand how such a process is possible. Is man completely free to act? Then I will raise the question of our reasons for acting in order to show that reasons do not pre-exist in the world. Motives are always motives for an agent who gives them meaning. They never condition the action completely. By his project, the agent reveals some reasons to act and these reasons have a value only in relation to the project adopted by the agent. Therefore, we can say that everyone is condemned to be free
Płodność działalności planowanej
Get PDFAs normal adult human agents we have a remarkable trio of capacities. First, we are capable of acting over time in ways that involve important forms of intentional cross-temporal organization and coordination. Second, we are capable of acting together with others in ways that go significantly beyond standard forms of strategic interaction. Third, we are capable of self-governance. A theory of human agency should include an understanding of these capacities for temporally extended, for shared, and for self-governed intentional agency. In each case we have interrelated concerns that are conceptual, metaphysical, and normative. The response to these concerns is to seek to understand these three capacities as grounded in a common, core capacity for planning agency. This is the conjecture of the fecundity of planning agency
Hermeneutic Notion of a Human Being as an Acting and Suffering Person: Thinking with Paul Ricoeur
Get PDFActing and suffering subjectivity makes a grand sujet in Ricoeur\u27s philosophy. In his Time and Narrative Ricoeur created the notion of narrative identity which is an individual internalized and evolving life strory. The narrative alone might define the “who”. Whoever lives and exists, suffers. Ricoeur metaphorically defined life as a cloth. We can add, Wiercinski continues, that this cloth is woven with pain. It is pain which makes the cloth, and, at the same time, it is also a joy of the human condition. As humans, we are called to wear this cloth as well as to understand what does it mean - from the hermeneutic perspective
Bratman i prakseologia minimalna
Get PDFThe paper is an introductory essay to the Polish translation of M.E. Bratman’s paper The Fecundity of Planning Agency. Instead of summarizing the main drifts of Bratman’s work, the author tries to show a few important parallels between his approach to action theory and the so-called praxiology (or ‘theory of efficient action’) proposed by Tadeusz Kotarbiński. It occurs that there are important similarities between their approaches both to specific problems in action theory (as: concept of an agent, the role of Buridan’s Ass, or mind-infusion of actions) and to the general question how to understood agency (norms of planning). A brief presentation of these similarities gives two central results. Firstly, it allows to interpret Bratman as a kind of praxiologist, and, secondly, it shows that praxiological thinking proposed by Kotarbiński is still a vital perspective in contemporary action theory