ETHICS IN PROGRESS
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«Nostalgieria»: Derrida przed i po Frantzu Fanonie
Get PDFMonolingualism ofthe Other; or, The Prosthesis of Origin (MO) Jacques Derrida (1998) takes up Frantz Fanon\u27s project in The Wretched of the Earth (WE) at its very core. Derrida thinks "decolonization" from the very place for which Fanon— and from which Derrida, symbolically and metonymically—struggled and wrote, Algeria. The author explores the experience of writing "nostalgerically.
Edukacja retoryczna jako element kształtowania mądrości politycznej
Get PDFThe revolutionary concept of rhetoric introduced by Plato not only stood firmly against the oratorical practices of his times, but also established first “scientific” art of rhetoric applicable into the frames of philosophical paideia. His perception of rhetorical tasks was strictly related to the goals of political formation and was absolutely indispensable for the purposes of a pursuit of political wisdom, in its exceedingly distinctive meaning. Plato initiated a century-long dispute on rhetorical ends and its political - paideutic value. First, criticized by Isocrates, later, resumed in the most exceptional treatise of Aristotle, he delineated a path of a new display of educational value of the art of rhetoric
Courage to Trust–Discussion of Moral Personality Built on the Confucian Ethics
Get PDFThe value of Xin can find its origin in the Analects and other works by Confucius. Taking the perspectives from ethics and social psychology, pills this research aims to probe possible psychological basis for the value of Xin and discuss it from two aspects extracted from the Analects, i.e. being trustworthy and being able to trust. However, among Confucian ethics, the significance of the value of Xin is somehow underestimated, especially the willingness and ability to trust others. The discussion of Confucian ethical value of Xin focuses on the fusion and fission processes of turning the value of Xin into moral trait and behaviour, and extends into the development of moral personality. The fusion process of incorporating credibility into self and the fission process of transmitting trust into otherness reflect the importance of social interaction and learning experience in forming moral personality, as Confucius used to emphasized in his teaching. The driving force of these processes and the connection between ethical values and moral personality is the courage to be trusting, as well as trusty. A moral personality characterized by the courage to trust echoes the courage to connect self to others, which is enhanced by the effectively formed and activated schema of trust. Bringing Confucian ethics in the light of personality psychology, this multidisciplinary study may provide a new perspective to examine moral behaviour by unveiling the psychological link between ethical values and moral personality, which is the courage to be connected to others, i.e. the courage to trust
Biokonserwatyzm i preferencja status quo
Get PDFBioconservative view holds that we should prevent dissemination of biomedical inteventions enhancing human capacities. One of arguments against this view shows that it is based on status quo bias which gives unjustified preference for actual state of affairs. According to this argument reasons against human enhancement are not conclusive. The aim of this article is to show the possibility of the interpretation of the bioconservative view, under which it is possible avoiding the status quo bias objection
Cechy psychiczne człowieka a idee transhumanizmu
Get PDFCelem obecnych rozważań jest spojrzenie na problem udoskonalania człowieka, a zwłaszcza jego cech psychicznych, z perspektywy nauk biologicznych. Wprowadzono więc używane w biologii rozróżnienie genotypu i fenotypu, definicje cech dziedzicznych i nabytych oraz antropologiczną charakterystykę gatunku Homo sapiens przez cechy specyficznie ludzkie. Perspektywa biologiczna (a zwłaszcza ewolucyjna) wskazuje na ogromne trudności w określeniu charakteru i zakresu możliwych ulepszeń naszego gatunku, co związane jest między innymi z problematyką normy biologicznej oraz psychicznej. Wiele uwagi poświęcono złożonym zależnościom między genotypem i fenotypem w żywych organizmach, wyrażającym się m.in. przez polimorfizm oraz efekty epigenetyczne, a także związkom między genami i cechami psychicznymi człowieka. Ostatecznie stwierdzono, że udoskonalanie np. zdolności poznawczych wymaga pełnego zrozumienia tych związków i zależności, uwzględniającego także różnice indywidualne, które wciąż jest jednak dla nas nieosiągalne
Moral Judgment Competence Between Systems and Administration Students
Get PDFIt is assumed that the university education positively impacts the student’s moral reasoning. The purpose of this research was to examine the Moral judgment competence MJC between systems and management students at a public university in Hidalgo, Mexico. The effectiveness of their curricula and the university years have impact on students’ moral judgment competence. Data was collected through survey exploration with the Moral Judgment Test completed by 272 administration students and 79 systems students of all semesters. The moral judgment competence was evaluated by C index. The C index score was higher for the management than the systems students. The C index score was slightly lower for senior than freshman students. The scholar years did not improve the senior students’ C index, more years of university career were not associated with the senior students’ C index score. Additionally, the results indicated that moral judgment Competence is the same in any gender of the students. Planned moral judgment competence in university curricula is necessary to improve students’ moral reasoning. In this paper, background, theoretical framework, results are discussed
Transhumanizm
Get PDFW swojej klasycznej pracy, Julian Huxley formułuje perspektywę możliwej przyszłości gatunku ludzkiego, przyszłości, do której – jak wierzy – winniśmy zdążać. Wskazując na słabości i ograniczenia, jakie napotyka natura ludzka i odnosząc je do potencjalnych możliwości, jakie przed człowiekiem otwierają osiągnięcia nauk przyrodniczych, Huxley wyraża potrzebę badania i iprowadzania w czyn wszelkich dostępnych środków, które umożliwiłyby gatunkowi ludzkiemu wzięcie steru nad swoją biologiczną ewolucją
Dopuszczalność ulepszania natury ludzkiej (enhancement)
Get PDFThe paper presents moral and legal aspects of the human’s nature enhancement in the context of answering the questions to what extent and to whom the modern technologies may be applied, which purpose is not the recovery (therapy), but the improvement of natural human potential by increasing the strength, endurance, immunity, physical fitness and human’s ability to regenerate, as well as by improving the cognitive capacities in the form of the betterment of human thinking and memory. The problems of enhancement are associated with the movement of transhumanism, which postulates the perfecting of a man and assumes the possibility to control more and more the domains of human activities, both physical and intellectual. In finding the answer to the question of the limits of moral acceptance for the enhancement of human nature, we analyze the cases of a soldier and sportsman, which illustrate the most important problems of the issue. The choice of such examples was due to the belief that social function and the types of activity connected with the exercise of these professions are very important for the determination of the acceptable limits of human enhancement. In our opinion the determination of the limit should be made by referring to the types of activity, based on the division of human activities elaborated by A. MacIntyre. According to MacIntyre, in the case of human activities known as practices, a man achieves internal goods, which define the practice and can only be achieved by improving human skills/abilities. While the external goods, like fame, money or prestige, do not belong to the essence of a practice. For these goods can be achieved both through honest work and self-improvement, and by the fraud. After considering a number of theoretical and practical problems, we argue for the thesis that the admissibility of artificial enhancements and the establishment of its acceptable limits are to be resolved by determining whether a given activity is oriented to achieve essential goods, like life, health or national security, which constitute the moral or social good (in such cases the use of enhancements sometimes will be even a duty), or this activity merely consist in the practice of virtues for the moral improvement of man, which should be made exclusively by using the natural human potential. Thus, the limit of the morally acceptable enhancement of the human nature is to be Dopuszczalność ulepszania natury ludzkiej (enhancement determined (at the stages of law-making and law-application) by indicating the nature of a given activity, its social function and importance, and therefore its moral or social significance