The Pakistan Development Review
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Govind Kelkar, Dev Nathan and Pierre Walter (eds.) Gender Relations in Forest Societies in Asia: Patriarchy at Odds. New Delhi/Thousand Oaks/London: Sage Publications, 2003. Hardbound. Indian Rs 550.00.
Get PDFGender refers to the set of arrangements by which a society
transforms biological sexuality into products of human activity and in
which these transformed needs are satisfied, whereas gender relations
are the ways in which a culture or society defines rights,
responsibilities and the identities of men and women in relation to one
another. Gender relations are complex, dynamic and socially embedded
having many interlocked dimensions
IFI Conditionality on Governance
Get PDFThis note looks at the dilemmas faced in the application of
conditions on governance by the international financial institutions
(IFI) in the course of their lending operations in member states.
Governance relates to the activities of governments and other public
sector entities in the exercise of their financial and regulatory
functions and that bear directly on the proper use of funds provided by
the IFI. Given the extensive range of state action, conditions relating
to governance can apply to diverse areas, including the allocation of
public expenditures and the collection of taxes, the rules affecting
procurement of goods and services by public authorities, the
effectiveness of the judicial system in enforcing contracts and the
arbitration of claims and obligations between governments and all the
social entities they deal with
An Evaluation of the Performance of Government of Pakistan
Get PDFThe use of social and economic indicators to evaluate and rank
governments’ performance is often found in literature. The
Anglo-Commonwealth and Scandinavian countries rest on the surveillance
of work in the various ministries. This performance accounting approach
thus becomes crucial for any regime to perform superlatively to their
predecessors and thus it provides the basis to suggest why it is
important to inspect governance of a government. Government’s efficacy
also depends on the magnitude of the welfare that it is able to achieve.
Debate on welfare is dated back to Adam Smith at-least. Now the question
is what should be the welfare gauging indicators. We understand that,
issues related to poverty, land utilisation, agriculture and industrial
sectors, health services, education, growth rate of national income, per
capita income, employment, etc. are important factors that can explain
welfare status of a nation. Thus by developing an index based on
performance in these areas, various political regimes can be evaluated
and ranked. These evaluations and rankings set standards for future
governments to improve. Thus these studies can be useful for developing
and improving social welfare standards
Towards Reorientating the Role of the Government in Pakistan (The Quaid-i-Azam Lecture)
No full textI feel it a privilege to be asked to give the Quaid-i-Azam
lecture on the occasion of the 22nd Annual Meeting of the Pakistan
Society of Development Economists (PSDE). At a time when sustainability
appears difficult and institutions are not finding it easy to take hold,
it is a source of legitimate pride that the PSDE has been able to meet
consecutively for 22 years and to bring economists together to discuss
current ideas, present latest research, and to think about our country:
its economy; its institutions and its future; and also to think about
our profession, and the role it can play in our country, in
understanding and interpreting its past and in shaping and influencing
its future. And of course it is a good opportunity for us to have some
fun and renew the bonds of friendship. The theme for this year’s
meetings—governance—is both timely and important. And it is a tribute to
the resourcefulness of the organisers, in particular the President of
PSDE, Dr Nadeem Ul Haque that he has been able to attract high quality
participation from the academic and policy circles of
Pakistan
Beyond Planning and Mercantilism:An Evaluation of Pakistan’s Growth Strategy
Get PDF“The ideas of economists and political philosophers, both when
they are right and when they are wrong, are more powerful than is
commonly understood. Indeed the world is ruled by little else. Practical
men, who believe themselves to be quite exempt from any intellectual
influence, are usually the slaves of some defunct economist. Madmen in
authority, who hear voices in the air, are distilling their frenzy from
some academic scribbler of a few years back”. John Maynard Keynes
(1883-1946) The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money, ch. 24
(1936
Quantifying the Extent and Nature of Risk in Alternative Cropping Patterns in Claveria, Philippines
Get PDFThe study develops a formulation to decompose variability in
profit into price and production effects. The production effect is
further segregated into management and weather effects. The formulation
is used to compare and decompose risk in the profit of three existing
cropping patterns (corn-corn, corn-fallow, and rice-fallow) in the
rainfed areas of Claveria, northern Mindanao, Philippines. High
variability and low profitability of the crops in a more risky season
(dry in our case) can limit cropping intensities in rainfed areas.
However, intensification of the crops during the less risky season (wet
in our case) can provide the necessary stake to invest in the risky
season crops. Although weather is the dominant factor in explaining
total variability, this should not be interpreted as a general rule for
all agricultural environments. In an environment where input intensity
is high, and input-output markets are inefficient, management and price
effects can dominate the weather effect. JEL classification: Q12
Keywords: Cropping Pattern, Weather Risk, Management Risk, Price Risk,
Profit, Expected Utilit
Corporate Governance and Firm Performance: Evidence from Karachi Stock Exchange
Get PDFIn the developed markets the subject of corporate governance
is well explored as a significant focus of economics and finance
research but there is also a growing interest across emerging markets in
this area. In Pakistan, the publication of the SECP Corporate Governance
Code 2002 for publicly listed companies has made it an important area of
research of corporate sector. According to La Porta, et al. (2000)
‘Corporate governance is to a certain extent a set of mechanisms through
which outside investors protect themselves against expropriation by the
insiders’. They define the insider as both managers and controlling
shareholders A corporate governance system is comprised of a wide range
of practices and institutions, from accounting standards and laws
concerning financial disclosure, to executive compensation, to size and
composition of corporate boards. A corporate governance system defines
who owns the firm, and dictates the rules by which economic returns are
distributed among shareholders, employees, managers, and other
stakeholders. As such, a county's corporate governance regime has deep
implications for firm organisation, employment systems, trading
relationships, and capital markets. Thus, changes in Pakistani system of
corporate governance are likely to have important consequences for the
structure and conduct of country business
Perception Survey of Civil Servants: A Preliminary Report
Get PDFDespite various attempts at reforming the civil services the
common perception seems to be that the system essentially remains
similar to that inherited from the colonial past. Worse still, little is
known about the perceptions of civil servants on various issues in civil
service reforms. Against this backdrop, the Pakistan Institute of
Development Economics conducted a perception survey of civil servants
seeking their views on recruitment, training, performance evaluation,
job satisfaction, and relationship with the private sector. This
preliminary report highlights the key findings of the survey. Section 2
sets out the survey methodology. Sections 3 to 7 respectively highlight
the survey findings with respect to recruitment, postings and training,
performance evaluation, job satisfaction, bureaucracy, private sector,
and institutions and reforms