The Pakistan Development Review
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Estimation of National Income in Pakistan
No full textThe following note is a description of the method of
estimating national income in Pakistan. Such description is not
currently available in a general publication, and it is presented here
for the benefit of research workers who make use of Pakistan national
income data. It is emphasized that this note is a description only, and
no attempt is made to analyze the data or to comment on the
appropriateness of the methods or the implications of the method for the
vahdity of the estimates. For aid in presentation a table of national
income estimates is also included ( see page 88)
Unlimited Supply of Labour and the Concept of Balanced Growth
No full textIt is the purpose of this paper to construct an economic model
which, we hope, will serve as a point of departure for the study of
certain key policy issues in the long-run economic development of less
developed countries like Pakistan. As we see it, the key issue of
developmental policy centres about the question of balanced growth of
the two main sectors: the industrial sector and the agricultural sector.
The identification of this as the key issue is not at variance with the
Pakistan Government's official position which aims at a "substantial
increase in industrial production" over the next five years, while, at
the same time, attaching the "highest priority to increasing
agricultural production".1 In view of this dual aim, a consistent
theore¬tical framework is needed to facilitate rational planning by
pointing up the various facets of the balanced growth
problem
Problems of Jute Marketing in East Pakistan
No full textJute constitutes the largest item in the export market of
Pakistan. At present Pakistan is facing a number of difficulties with
respect to jute trade due mainly to the emergence of substitutes and
powerful competitors in the world market. While these are the factors
affecting long term demand for Pakistani jute, there also exist other
important problems associated with jute. The most urgent among them is
the marketing of jute. Jute marketing problems arise from economic and
physical conditions that are primarily external to individual producers.
But the problem of reducing the spread between producers' and consumers'
prices is as important as that of reducing production costs. The world
demand for raw jute is based on the fact that this fibre is the cheapest
packing material in the world. To sell the huge amount of jute that the
country produces, the supply price will have to be kept sufficiently
low. To keep the supply price low both production costs and marketing
costs will have to be kept low
A First Glance at the Pakistan Age Distribution
No full textWhat follows is not only a summary of first impressions, but
it is also limited to Pakistan as a whole, i.e., inter-regional
differentials are not inves¬tigated. Furthermore, the following comments
are limited to the youngest ages. In particular, no discussion is
offered of the age distribution at the oldest ages. In any case the
latter is partly a freak of the peculiar assumption on which it is
drawn, namely, that nobody in Pakistan lives beyond the age of eighty.
These are very severe limitations and in part what follows is more in
the nature of advance notice of research to be undertaken than it is a
report on substantive findings. Nevertheless, the initial impressions
are of a startling enough nature to justify disclosure at this stage,
but on the distinct understanding that they may on further inquiry prove
illusory. The observations of this note are based on the simple fact
that the population of any area at any time is a function of fertility,
mortality and migration prevailing in the past. There are two ways in
which these three influences show themselves: on the age distribution
and the rate of growth. In a way, it may be more helpful to say that age
distribution and growth are the other side of the same thing, namely,
the combined product of fertility, mortality and migration. In fact,
this is such a wide and all-em¬bracing statement that it may seem almost
meaningless. However, relatively recent developments in demographic
theory furnish powerful tools for analysis of age distribution and
growth. Evidence of growth, such as it is, is not considered in this
note. As already indicated, the discussion is limited to age
distribution
Review of Developments in the Pakistan Economy
No full textDuring the period, July-September 1961, the Lyallpur market
experienced a further decline of Rs. 0.75 per maund in wheat prices. The
end-September quotations stood at Rs. 13.75—16.00 per maund as against
Rs. 14.50—16.00 three months ago and Rs. 15.50—17.00 a year ago. On the
other hand, rice prices continued to increase at the Dacca market, which
necessitated large releases of Government stocks at a fixed rate of Rs.
22.75 per maund. Nevertheless, the net increase in prices amounted to
Rs. 2.40 per maund over the quarter under review. At the close of
September, mediumquality rice ruled at Rs. 32.40 per maund and compared
with Rs. 30.00 per maund three months ago and Rs. 32.50 a year ago.
Further details are given in the table below