Högskolebiblioteket i Halmstad Publikationer
Not a member yet
17134 research outputs found
Sort by
Fågelhäckning på Tylön : En studie om häckningstrender & förändringar
No full textFågelpopulationer har minskat globalt och i Sverige är 26% av de häckande arterna rödlistade. Bland de främsta orsakerna bakom de minskande fågelpopulationerna i europeiska livsmiljöer är förändringar av markanvändning, intensifiering av jordbruksmetoder, utveckling av infrastruktur, överexploatering av marina resurser, förorening av inlandsvatten och ohållbara skogsbruksmetoder. Utvecklingen av häckfåglar vid kusten har på långt sikt gått bättre men på kort sikt har det gått sämre med vissa geografiska skillnader. Denna studie undersöker förändringar i fågelhäckning av de vanligaste arterna på Tylön, en ö med unika och väldokumenterade häckningsdata (1890–2022). Studien jämför Tylöns trender med Måkläppen, Hallands Väderö, Galtabäcks skär, Balgö och Nidingen och undersöker samband mellan faktorer som öppna soptippar, trålfiske, artkonkurrens, näringsämnen, och om mink har påverkat fågelhäckningen på Tylön. Jag använder långsiktiga data på fågelhäckning och miljödata för att göra trendlinjer samt korrelationstester. Resultatet för gråtrut visade en positiv trend följt av en nedgång och stabilisering på Tylön och Nidingen samt en negativ trend på Hallands Väderö och Måkläppen. Häckning av gråtrut på Tylön visade ett positivt samband med soptippar i Båstad, trålfiske, men ett negativt samband med soptippar i Halmstad. Ejder visade en negativ trend på Tylön, Hallands Väderö och Nidingen samt ett positivt samband med kvävehalter i havet men inget samband med fosfor och växtplankton. Tobisgrisslan har försvunnit från Tylön men ökat på Hallands Väderö och Nidingen. Häckning av tobisgrisslan visade inget samband till minkförekomst men troligen finns det en påverkan. Fiskmås och fisktärna visade en negativ trend på Tylön, Måkläppen, Hallands Väderö, Galtabäcks skär, Balgö, Nidingen och ett negativt samband mellan antal häckande gråtrutar. Resultatet tyder på att faktorer som trålfiske, nedlagda soptippar övergödning och predation (främst från mink) har påverkat utvecklingen på Tylön. Även andra faktorer som mänsklig störning, habitat förändringar, avstånd till fast land och en liten yta diskuteras. I denna studie lyfter jag upp vikten av långsiktig datainsamling och ett helhetsperspektiv vid förvaltning av kustfåglar och deras häckningsmiljöer. Inte minst för att kustfåglar är viktiga miljöindikatorer och är avgörande för att förstå ekologiska samband.Bird populations have declined globally, and in Sweden, 26% of the breeding species are red listed. The main causes behind the decline of bird populations in European habitats include changes in land use, intensified agricultural methods, infrastructure development, overexploitation of marine resources, pollution of inland waters, and unsustainable forestry practices. While coastal breeding birds have generally fared better in the long term, short-term trends have shown declines with regional variation. This study examines changes in breeding patterns of the most common bird species on Tylön, an island with unique and well-documented breeding data (1890–2022). The trends on Tylön are compared with Måkläppen, Hallands Väderö, Galtabäcks skär, Balgö, and Nidingen, and the study investigates possible correlations with factors such as landfills, trawl fishing, interspecies competition, nutrient levels, and the presence of mink. Long-term bird breeding and environmental data were analyzed through trend lines and correlation tests. Results for herring gulls showed an increase followed by a decline and stabilization on Tylön and Nidingen, and a decreasing trend on Hallands Väderö and Måkläppen. Herring gull breeding on Tylön correlated positively with landfills in Båstad and trawl fishing, but negatively with landfills in Halmstad. Eider showed a declining trend on Tylön, Hallands Väderö, and Nidingen, with a positive correlation with nitrogen levels in the sea but no correlation with phosphorus or phytoplankton. The black guillemot has disappeared from Tylön but increased on Hallands Väderö and Nidingen. Its breeding showed no correlation with mink presence, though an effect is likely. Common gull and common tern exhibited negative trends across all locations, and a negative correlation with herring gull breeding. The results suggest that factors like trawl fishing, closed landfills, eutrophication, and predation (primarily from mink) have influenced bird populations on Tylön. Other discussed factors include human disturbance, habitat changes, proximity to the mainland, and small island size. This study highlights the importance of long-term data collection and a holistic perspective in managing coastal bird populations and their breeding environments, especially as seabirds are important environmental indicators and crucial to understanding ecological relationships
Möjliggöra sänkning av framledningstemperatur i Halmstads fjärrvärmesystem : Utmaningar och lösningar för medelstora industrikunder med höga temperaturkrav i fjärrvärmeavtal
No full textThis study investigates the challenges faced by Halmstad Energi och Miljö (HEM) in reducing the supply temperature of its district heating network, due to the presence of industrial customers with high temperature demands alongside non-industrial users. A cost-benefit analysis evaluates potential solutions, considering both strict industrial requirements and the scalability of the approach. The proposed strategy involves lowering the system's supply temperature while providing peak-load boilers for industrial customers to meet contractual temperature demands. The analysis indicates that HEM could achieve annual savings of approximately 2 million SEK and 4.5 GWh per degree of temperature reduction
IoT-säkerhet i praktiken : En undersökning av sårbarheter och informationsrisker genom penetrationstester av uppkopplade enheter
No full textIoT- och smarta hem-enheter som förenklar vardagen blir allt vanligare och en större del av människors liv. När tillverkare inte tar hänsyn till säkerhet redan i design- och tillverkningsfasen hotas människors integritet och informationssäkerhet. Detta arbete undersöker vilka säkerhetsbrister som kan hittas hos fyra typiskt förekommande enheter i ett smart hem – en videodörrklocka, en smart högtalare, en smart termometer och en smart plugg. Enheterna penetrationstestades och de funna sårbarheterna klassificerades med hjälp av hotmodelleringsramverket STRIDE. Resultatet visar att samtliga enheter gick att analysera via UART, vilket möjliggjorde extraktion av mjukvara, och uppvisade någon form av informationsläckage. Två enheter från samma tillverkare skickade Wi-Fi-lösenord i klartext vid konfigurering. Dessutom raderades inte integritetskänslig information vid fabriksåterställning. Studien visar behovet av bättre säkerhetsåtgärder för IoT-enheter. De funna sårbarheterna äventyrar inte bara användarnas integritet, utan också deras nätverk, som riskerar att komprometteras.IoT and smart home devices that simplify everyday life are becoming increasingly common and integrated into people's lives. However, when manufacturers fail to consider security during the design and manufacturing phases, users' privacy and information security are put at risk. This study investigates security vulnerabilities in four typical smart home devices – a video doorbell, smart speaker, smart thermometer, and smart plug. The devices were penetration tested, and the identified vulnerabilities were classified using the STRIDE threat modeling framework. The results show that all devices could be analyzed via UART, enabling firmware extraction, and all exhibited some form of information leakage. Two devices from the same manufacturer transmitted Wi-Fi credentials in plaintext during setup. Additionally, sensitive personal data was not erased during factory reset. The study highlights the need for improved security measures in IoT devices. The discovered vulnerabilities not only threaten user privacy but also compromise the security of home networks
Exploring the "human norm" in design : Integrating more-than-human and norm-critical design approaches
No full textAs designers, we design from a human perspective—a position we cannot change but must critically reflect upon. This workshop addresses this fundamental challenge: the invisible "human norm" in design. While norm-critical approaches have explored norms, the most profound invisible norm is simply our existence as humans. This is particularly significant as we confront environmental crises demanding design beyond human needs. We integrate two complementary approaches: more-than-human design, which challenges the assumption that "human-centeredness" represents a neutral viewpoint, and norm-critical design, which makes invisible norms visible. Our 3-hour workshop engages participants in interactive activities analyzing human norms, shifting perspectives, creating norm-critical prototypes, and sharing reflections. We contribute to design research by offering a novel methodological framework combining these previously separate approaches and providing the crucial first step toward addressing needs beyond humans: making human norms in design visible and subject to critical examination. 4 sidor</p
Semantic Fusion of Health Data : Implementing a Federated Virtualized Knowledge Graph Framework Leveraging Ontop System
No full textData integration (DI) and semantic interoperability (SI) are critical in healthcare, enabling seamless, patient-centric data sharing across systems to meet the demand for instant, unambiguous access to health information. Federated information systems (FIS) highlight auspicious issues for seamless DI and SI stemming from diverse data sources or models. We present a hybrid ontology-based design science research engineering (ODSRE) methodology that combines design science activities with ontology engineering principles to address the above-mentioned issues. The ODSRE constructs a systematic mechanism leveraging the Ontop virtual paradigm to establish a state-of-the-art federated virtual knowledge graph framework (FVKG) embedded virtualized knowledge graph approach to mitigate the aforementioned challenges effectively. The proposed FVKG helps construct a virtualized data federation leveraging the Ontop semantic query engine that effectively resolves data bottlenecks. Using a virtualized technique, the FVKG helps to reduce data migration, ensures low latency and dynamic freshness, and facilitates real-time access while upholding integrity and coherence throughout the federation system. As a result, we suggest a customized framework for constructing ontological monolithic semantic artifacts, especially in FIS. The proposed FVKG incorporates ontology-based data access (OBDA) to build a monolithic virtualized repository that integrates various ontological-driven artifacts and ensures semantic alignments using schema mapping techniques. © 2025 by the authors
Digital Health Transformation : Leveraging a Knowledge Graph Reasoning Framework and Conversational Agents for Enhanced Knowledge Management
No full textThe research focuses on the limitations of traditional systems in optimizinginformation flow in the healthcare domain. It focuses on integrating knowledge graphs(KGs) and utilizing AI-powered applications, specifically conversational agents (CAs),particularly during peak operational hours in emergency departments (EDs). Leveragingthe Cross Industry Standard Process for Data Mining (CRISP-DM) framework, the authors tailored a customized methodology, CRISP-knowledge graph (CRISP-KG), designedto harness KGs for constructing an intelligent knowledge base (KB) for CAs. This KGaugmentation empowers CAs with advanced reasoning, knowledge management, andcontext awareness abilities. We utilized a hybrid method integrating a participatory designcollaborative methodology (CM) and Methontology to construct a domain-centric robustformal ontological model depicting and mapping information flow during peak hours inEDs. The ultimate objective is to empower CAs with intelligent KBs, enabling seamlessinteraction with end users and enhancing the quality of care within EDs. The authorsleveraged semantic web rule language (SWRL) to enhance inferencing capabilities withinthe KG framework further, facilitating efficient information management for assistinghealthcare practitioners and patients. This innovative assistive solution helps efficientlymanage information flow and information provision during peak hours. It also leads tobetter care outcomes and streamlined workflows within EDs. © 2025 by the authors
Könsbetingade vandringsmönster hos tidiga livsstadier av öring (Salmo trutta) : En genetisk könsbestämning av stirr och smolt från Nybroån
No full textIn this study we investigated gender differences in migration propensity in juvenile brown trout (Salmo trutta) in Nybroån, Skåne. A new method of genetic sex determination in salmonoids (Salmonidae) was used in the study. Using a PCR-analysis of the sdY-gene – which only occurs in males – we were able to test the sex distribution of four groups of juveniles: young parr, older parr, young smolt and older smolt. A total of 200 individuals were analysed. The aim was to contribute with new empirical data in relation to the existing assumption regarding the high migration propensity of females. Our study was based on the hypothesis that females of brown trout (Salmo trutta) are more likely than males to migrate and that they leave their natal stream earlier than males. Our statistical analyses could not establish any clear difference between the sexes regarding migration propensity. However, the results suggests that males, rather than females, are more likely to migrate earlier and that females tend to migrate later. Our conclusion is that gender differences in migration strategies in brown trout could be even more nuanced than the existing literature describes. Further research with larger data sets and longer time series is needed to test the generalizability of existing assumptions about migration patterns. I denna studie har vi undersökt könsskillnader i migrationsbenägenhet hos juvenila öringar (Salmo trutta) i Nybroån, Skåne. En ny metod av genetisk könsbestämning hos laxfiskar (Salmonidae) utnyttjades i studien. Med hjälp av en PCR-analys av sdY-genen – som bara förekommer hos hanar – kunde vi testa könsfördelningen av fyra grupper juveniler: unga stirr, äldre stirr, unga smolt och äldre smolt. Totalt 200 individer analyserades. Syftet var att bidra med nytt empiriskt underlag i förhållande till det befintliga antagandet kring honors höga vandringsbenägenhet. Vi utgick från hypotesen att honor hos öring (Salmo trutta) är mer benägna än hanar att vandra och att de vandrar ut tidigare än hanar ur sitt födelsevatten. Våra statistiska analyser kunde inte fastställa något tydlig skillnad mellan könen gällande vandringsbenägenhet. Resultaten tyder dock på att hanar, snarare än honor, i högre grad vandrar vid tidigare tillfällen, och att honor tenderar att migrera senare. Vi drar slutsatsen att könsskillnader i migrationsstrategier hos havsöring kan vara ännu mer nyanserade än vad befintlig litteratur beskriver. Ytterligare forskning med större datamaterial och längre tidsserier behövs för att testa hur generaliserbara befintliga antaganden kring vandringsmönster är.
Patients’ experiences of existential challenges after receiving a cancer diagnosis : A general literature review
No full textBakgrund: Att få en cancerdiagnos är en omvälvande process, som förutom att inleda en medicinsk behandling innebär att ställas inför existentiella utmaningar. Den existentiella upplevelsen påverkas av flera individuella faktorer, där kulturell bakgrund och ålder är de mest framträdande. Om patientens existentiella utmaningar inte uppmärksammas och bemöts, kan det leda till negativa konsekvenser som försämrad psykisk hälsa och minskad livskvalitet. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva patienters upplevelser av existentiella utmaningar efter ett cancerbesked. Metod: En allmän litteraturstudie med induktiv ansats genomfördes och inkluderade 14 kvalitativa och en kvantitativ studie. Sökningarna genomfördes i CINAHL och PubMed. Resultat: Fyra huvudkategorier identifierades: (1) Personlig kris (2) Självanklagelse (3) Utmaningar i sociala relationer och (4) En osäker framtid. Deltagare upplevde existentiella utmaningar såsom ifrågasättande av livets mening, förlorad identitet, brist på kontroll och självständighet. De upplevde även skuld och ånger samt utmaningar i relationer som kunde leda till isolering. Vidare upplevdes oro inför framtiden och oro över sjukdomens påverkan på både dem själva och deras närstående. Konklusion: Utbildning kan stärka sjuksköterskor i att samtala om existentiella frågor. Genom ett personcentrerat förhållningssätt kan de stödja patienter i att finna mening, hopp och sammanhang. Fler studier behövs för att utveckla effektiva strategier för existentiella samtal. Background: Receiving a cancer diagnosis is a life-changing experience that, beyond initiating medical treatment, also brings existential challenges. These challenges are influenced by individual factors, with cultural background and age being especially significant. If patients’ existential concerns are not recognized and addressed, it can negatively impact their mental health and quality of life. Aim: The aim was to describe patients’ experiences of existential challenges after receiving a cancer diagnosis. Method: A general literature review with an inductive approach was conducted, including 14 qualitative and one quantitative study. Searches were performed in CINAHL and PubMed. Results: Four main categories were identified: (1) Personal crisis (2) Self-blame (3) Challenges in social relationships and (4) An uncertain future. Participants experienced existential challenges such as questioning the meaning of life, loss of identity, lack of control and independence, as well as feelings of guilt and regret. Social relationships were sometimes strained, leading to isolation. There was also anxiety about the future and the impact of illness on themselves and their loved ones. Conclusion: Education can strengthen nurses’ ability to discuss existential issues. Through a person-centered approach, nurses can support patients in finding meaning, hope, and connection. More research is needed to develop effective strategies for existential conversations
Legitimation process of new actors and new business-policy partnerships : Developing new industries through collective action
No full textInnovation and the development of new industries present economic opportunities with the power to lead markets into more sustainable paths. At the early stage, new industries typically face several constraints because they tend to lack legitimacy, and the existing institutional arrangements are unlikely to satisfy the needs of new ventures aiming to innovate and develop new economic activities. Public and private support to new industries has become key to overcoming challenges and harnessing market opportunities. With much of the literature on new industries focused on the organisational level, there is a need for further research to include a system-level analysis, and specifically, to include research that explores how industry support actors influence system-building processes by exercising system levela gency. Two interrelated system-building processes are particularly emphasised: institutional change and legitimacy-building. The development of these processes is dependent on the mobilisation of collective and coordinated multi-actor activities. Against this backdrop, this thesis examines how public and private industry support actors, and their collective efforts can influence institutional change and legitimacy-building to develop new industries. To address this aim, five academic papers were developed. Paper I empirically explores how industry actors undertake institutional change processes to foster the formation and development of a new industry. Paper II takes a legitimacy perspective to explore how the development of new FinTech-based business models requires industrial reconfigurations within the financial industry. Paper III examines the role of private industry support organisations – Sector NGOs in the legitimacy-building processes at organisational and system levels within new industries. Paper IV provides a review of different public and private interactions and collaborations developed to overcome organisational and system-level challenges within new industries. Paper V empirically explores the institutional factors that influence the legitimacy and management of public and private collaborations within an innovation context. The thesis contributes to ongoing scholarly debates at the intersection of organisational, management and innovation studies within the context of new industries. The thesis underscores the important role of public and private support organisations, such as business associations and governmental agencies, in mobilising other industry actors to design and implement new institutions that can enable innovation. When acting as neutral agents, these organisations can facilitate the creation of a cohesive collective movement to work on system-building that can support industrial development by fostering entrepreneurship and innovation. Furthermore, when acting as innovation intermediaries and advocacy agents, private industry support actors promote the egitimation of new technologies, organisations and industries by influencing individual-level judgments and collective validation. The thesis further shows that public and private collaborations targeting new industries need to aim for collective system-building and observe the divergent institutional logics of the parties.Disclaimer regarding Policy paper: Building the legitimacy of new public policy frameworks targeting innovation and new industrial development page 65-84:This white paper has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No 860364. This communication reflects only the author's view and that the Agency is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information it contains.LNETN Projec
Nurses experiences of the usage of National Early Warning Score (NEWS2) : A literature review
No full textBakgrund: Inom sjukvården ställs det höga krav på sjuksköterskors förmåga att snabbt identifiera försämring av patienter och minska risken för vårdskador. Inom den moderna sjukvården används National Early Warning Score (NEWS2), ett systematiskt verktyg som hjälper sjuksköterskor att i ett tidigt skede identifiera tecken på klinisk försämring. Verktyget bygger på ett poängsystem baserat på andningsfrekvens, blodtryck, medvetandegrad, puls, syremättnad och temperatur. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av att använda NEWS2 i klinisk praxis. Metod: Studien utfördes som en allmän litteraturstudie och baserades på nio vetenskapliga artiklar med kvantitativ, kvalitativ eller mixad metod. Resultat: Resultatet presenterades i tre huvudkategorier balans mellan NEWS2 och kliniskt omdöme, NEWS2 som stöd vid klinisk försämring och kommunikation mellan vårdpersonal vid användning av NEWS2. Resultatet visade att sjuksköterskor över lag upplevde en positiv inställning till användningen av NEWS2 men att det fanns hinder i effektiviteten av verktyget i form av delegering, utebliven klinisk blick och att den kliniska erfarenheten drabbades. Konklusion: Det behövs fortsatt forskning inom omvårdnaden gentemot hur en implementering av ett standardiserat verktyg som NEWS2 påverkar det kliniska beslutsfattandet, patientutfall och arbetsbelastning och hur den på bästa sätt bör introduceras i klinisk praxis. Background: Within healthcare, nurses are expected to quickly identify patient deterioration and reduce the risk of healthcare-related injuries. In modern healthcare, the National Early Warning Score (NEWS2) is used as a systematic tool to help nurses detect early signs of clinical deterioration. The tool is based on a scoring system that includes blood pressure, level of consciousness, oxygen saturation, pulse, respiratory rate and temperature. Aim: The aim was to explore nurses’ experiences of and use of NEWS2 in clinical practice. Method: The study was executed as a general literature study, based on nine scientific articles with a qualitative, quantitative and a mixed methods approach. Results: Three main categories were identified: balance between NEWS2 and clinical judgment, NEWS2 as support in clinical deterioration, and communication among healthcare professionals in the use of NEWS2. The findings indicated that nurses generally had a positive attitude towards using NEWS2, but barriers affecting the tool’s effectiveness were identified, including delegation issues, lack of clinical observation, and impacts on clinical experience. Conclusion: Further research is needed within the nursing field on how implementing such standardized tools affects clinical decision-making, patient outcomes, and workload, as well as how the tool can be optimally introduced into clinical practice.