Högskolebiblioteket i Halmstad Publikationer
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Nano Drone-based Indoor Crime Scene Analysis*
No full textTechnologies such as robotics, Artificial Intelligence (AI), and Computer Vision (CV) can be applied to crime scene analysis (CSA) to help protect lives, facilitate justice, and deter crime, but an overview of the tasks that can be automated has been lacking. Here we follow a speculative prototyping approach: First, the STAIR tool is used to rapidly review the literature and identify tasks that seem to have not received much attention, like accessing crime scenes through a window, mapping/gathering evidence, and analyzing blood smears. Secondly, we present a prototype of a small drone that implements these three tasks with 75%,85%, and 80% performance, to perform a minimal analysis of an indoor crime scene. Lessons learned are reported, toward guiding next work. ©2025 IEE
Swedish Password Cracking with PassGAN : Generating Tailored Swedish Dictionaries for Offline Cracking
No full textPasswords are still the most common form of authentication usedtoday [1]. Most computers and mobile phones available today offerbuilt-in encryption and password protection for storage [2][3]. Passwordcracking plays a significant role in digital forensic investigations.The efficiency of cracking passwords is affected by the password listschosen and can be extremely difficult at times [4]. However, people oftenchoose easy-to-remember passwords that are easy to guess. Usersalso tend to use personal information when creating their passwords,which can be exploited [5]. This study focuses on generating tailoredand customized word lists using PassGAN [6] to improve passwordcracking for Swedish users. We also analyzed patterns, trends, andcontextual information of a collection of Swedish password leaks.Our analysis of 5.8 million Swedish password leaks revealed thatusers tend to opt for simple passwords over long, complex ones,which are often easier to remember. The average password length isapproximately 9.03 characters. When creating passwords, users tendedto either use a combination of letters and numbers or only letters. Thetop passwords were all weak passwords that are easy to guess, suchas "123456" or "hejsan". Swedish-exclusive characters (å, ä ,ö) onlyoccurred around 17,000 times, capitalized or not.Our newly generated password dictionary using PassGAN outperformedrockyou.txt, the well-known password dictionary. Merginglocal elements such as names and expressions with real-life passwordleaks contributed to enhancing the model’s performance in predictingand generating realistic passwords
Skills Development Process in Sustainable Entrepreneurship in the Swedish Agricultural Sector
No full textThis thesis investigates how entrepreneurs in Swedish sustainable startups develop the skills necessary to establish and grow their ventures. Guided by Entrepreneurial Learning Theory (Politis, 2005), the study focuses on three learning mechanisms: exploratory learning, exploitative learning, and learning from critical incidents. It examines how these modes contribute to the development of key entrepreneurial skills. The empirical research is based on a qualitative case study of four sustainability-oriented startups operating in agriculture-related innovation areas, including bioremediation, smart farming, plastic-free fertilizers, and food waste reduction. Semi-structured interviews with founders and co-founders were complemented by secondary data from company websites to ensure triangulation. Data analysis followed a structured coding process that linked raw interview excerpts to themes, enabling within-case and cross-case analysis. Findings reveal that skill development in sustainable entrepreneurship is a dynamic process. Exploratory learning dominated the early phases, sparking creativity and problem-solving through experimentation and prototyping. Exploitative learning became central during scaling, as entrepreneurs institutionalized routines, standardized operations, and expanded into new markets. Critical incidents, such as technical challenges, regulatory hurdles, or market rejections, played a transformative role across all stages by reinforcing reflection, resilience, and adaptive strategies. Six predefined skills, including problem-solving, systems thinking, creativity, critical thinking, collaboration & teamwork, and self-regulated learning, were identified as central. The cross-case analysis shows that while all cases exhibited similar mechanisms, each emphasized different skills depending on entrepreneurial background and sectoral context. This study contributes to entrepreneurial learning literature by extending Entrepreneurial Learning Theory to sustainability contexts, highlighting the integration of ecological, social, and financial logics in skill development. Practically, the findings suggest that policymakers, accelerators, and educators should develop not only technical and financial capabilities but also resilience, systems thinking, and collaborative learning to support sustainable entrepreneurship.
Efficient Obfuscation Techniques for Privacy-Preserving Machine Learning in IoT Edge Devices : Balancing Privacy and Utility through Adaptive Obfuscation in Edge-Based Machine Learning
No full textThe rapid growth of Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystems in healthcare, autonomous systems, and industrial automation has enabled powerful capabilities but also heightened privacy risks. Edge devices often capture visual data containing sensitive attributes such as identity, background, or biometric traits. Traditional privacy-preserving methods, such as homomorphic encryption or differential privacy, offer strong guarantees but are too computationally demanding for real–time use on resource-constrained devices. This thesis proposes an inference–time obfuscation framework tailored for IoT edge deployment. The approach employs an adversarial encoder–decoder with Gradient Reversal Layers (GRL) and supervised contrastive learning to disentangle utility–relevant from privacy–sensitive features, enabling selective suppression of attributes such as color, digit shape, or background while preserving task–critical utility. The framework is evaluated on Colored-MNIST and Cityscapes, with privacy leakage assessed through dedicated attack models (ColorNet, RecNet). Results demonstrate that the method significantly reduces leakage of private attributes while maintaining high utility accuracy, even under constrained bottleneck sizes, making it practical for real-time IoT edge applications.Den snabba tillväxten av Internet of Things (IoT) inom hälso- och sjukvård, autonoma system och industriell automation har möjliggjort kraftfulla funktioner men också ökat integritetsriskerna. Edge enheter fångar ofta visuella data som innehåller känsliga attribut, såsom identitet, bakgrund eller biometriska kännetecken. Traditionella metoder för integritetsskydd, såsom homomorf kryptering eller differential privacy, erbjuder starka garantier men är alltför beräkningskrävande för realtidsanvändning på resursbegränsade enheter. Denna avhandling föreslår ett obfuskationsramverk för inferenstid, särskilt anpassat för IoT-edge-miljöer. Metoden bygger på en adversariell encoder–decoder med Gradient Reversal Layers (GRL) och övervakad kontrastiv inlärning för att särskilja nyttorelevanta från integritetskänsliga egenskaper. Detta möjliggör selektiv undertryckning av attribut såsom färg, sifferform eller bakgrund, samtidigt som uppgiftskritisk nytta (t.ex. objekt- eller sifferidentitet) bevaras. Ramverket utvärderas på Colored-MNIST och Cityscapes, där integritetsläckage analyseras med hjälp av dedikerade attackmodeller (ColorNet, RecNet). Resultaten visar att metoden påtagligt minskar läckage av privata attribut samtidigt som hög nyttokvalitet bibehålls, även vid begränsade bottleneck-storlekar, vilket gör den praktiskt användbar för realtidsapplikationer på IoT-edge-enheter
Från stillasittande till rörelse i arbetslivet : En kvalitativ studie om hälsofrämjande strategier för att minska stillasittandet bland administrativ personal inom vård och omsorg
No full textSedentary work environments in health and social care pose a health challenge, especially for administrative staff. The aim of this study was to explore how managers and administrative personnel describe efforts to reduce sedentary behaviour and promote physical activity. A qualitative method was used, with semi-structured interviews and a hermeneutic, abductive approach. Fourteen individuals from both municipal and private health and social care organizations were interviewed. The findings show that several strategies are used, including micro-breaks, walking meetings, wellness hours, and reminders to move throughout the workday. Managerial involvement, acting as role models, and clear communcation were identified as important for enabling change. Organizational challenges such as limited resources, time pressure, and desisions made at higher levels were seen as barries to health-promoting efforts. The importance of individual responsibility for initiating movement was also emphasized. The study shows that promoting physical activity in administrative settings requires interaction between leadership, organizational conditions, and individual motivation. By highlighting perspectives from both managers and staff, the study contributes to increased understanding of how the workplace can function as a setting fort health promotion within the health and social care sector. Keywords: administrative staff, physical activity, health-promoting leadership, organizational work environment, sedentary work, healthcare, social careStillasittande arbetsmiljöer inom vård och omsorg utgör en hälsoutmaning, särskilt för administrativ personal. Syftet med denna studie var att belysa hur chefer och administrativ personal beskriver insatser för att minska stillasittande och främja fysisk aktivitet. Studien bygger på en kvalitativ metod med semistrukturerade intervjuer och en hermeneutisk, abduktiv ansats. Fjorton personer från både kommunal och privat verksamhet inom vård och omsorg intervjuades. Resultatet visar att olika strategier används, exempelvis mikropauser, promenadmöten, friskvårdstimme samt påminnelser om rörelse i det dagliga arbetet. Chefernas delaktighet, förebildskap och kommunikation lyfts fram som avgörande faktorer för att möjliggöra förändring. Samtidigt framkommer organisatoriska hinder såsom begränsade resurser, tidspress och beslut på central nivå som utmaningar i det hälsofrämjande arbetet. Även individens ansvar att ta initiativ till rörelse betonas. Studien visar att främjande av fysisk aktivitet i administrativt arbete kräver ett samspel mellan ledarskap, organisatoriska förutsättningar och individens egna drivkrafter. Genom att lyfta fram chefers och medarbetares perspektiv bidrar studien med kunskap om hur arbetsplatsen kan användas som en arena för hälsopromotion inom vård och omsorg
Ledarskap i organisationer : En studie om AIs påverkan i det offentliga sektorn
No full textArtificial intelligence has become a current phenomenon that engages many people, from everyday individuals to professionals. It has spread on social media for several years and has affected us both nationally and internationally. This smart technology has given rise to rumors suggesting that all jobs could be replaced by AI and robots in the future, which creates concern among many people, especially the elderly. The purpose of this study is to examine both leaders' and employees' experiences of AI applications, and the reasons why their work and work environment may have been affected in some way. A qualitative research design was applied, involving interviews with eight participants, four leaders and four employees. The leaders share their experiences regarding the new technology and how it has affected and will affect their work and leadership in the future. The leaders state that they need to communicate more clearly with their employees and that employees have increased concerns due to the development of AI. The employees in the study believe that AI will affect them both positively and negatively. Individual leaders need to be well-prepared and confident in the face of a major change. The leaders and employees in the study consider AI to be incredibly new for everyone to adapt to, which may have led to a decrease in trust in AI, but they remain optimistic about the future. Keywords: artificial intelligence (AI), leader, employee, leadership, work, SwedenArtificiell intelligens har blivit ett aktuellt fenomen som engagerar många personer, frånvanliga till professionella. Den har spridits på sociala medier i flera år och påverkat ossmänniskor både nationellt och internationellt. Den smarta teknologin har resulterat iryktesspridningar som uttrycker att allt jobb skulle ersättas av AI och robotar i framtiden,vilket skapar oro hos många människor, särskilt de äldre. Syftet med denna studie är attundersöka både chefernas samt medarbetarnas upplevelse av dess tillämpningar, orsakerna tillderas arbete och arbetsmiljö blev påverkade på något sätt. Valet som gjorde är att genomföraen kvalitativ studie där vi intervjuat åtta deltagare, fyra chefer och fyra medarbetare. Chefernaberättar om deras upplevelser angående den nya teknologin och hur den har påverkat ochkommer påverka deras arbete samt ledarskap i framtiden. Cheferna uppger att de behöverinformera sina medarbetare på ett tydligare sätt och att medarbetarna har en ökad oro i ochmed utveckling av AI. Medarbetarna i studien anser att AI kommer påverka dem på bådepositivt och negativt sätt. Att enskilda chefer behöver vara välplanerade och självsäkert infören stor förändring. De cheferna och medarbetarna i studien anser att AI är otroligt nytt föralla att ta emot, vilket kan göra att förtroendet för AI har minskat, men de ser ljusa ut iframtiden
Proof-of-Concept of the Non-Negotiated Implicit VRU Clustering protocol in Real-World Scenarios
No full textApproximately half of all traffic-related casualties yearly are categorized as Vulnerable Road Users (VRUs) (e.g., pedestrians and bicyclists). A proposed solution is for VRUs to communicate by transmitting VRU Awareness Messages (VAMs) inside a Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) network. However, due to too many messages being sent and received in the network, it becomes congested. Clustering is a proposed method to reduce the amount of VAMs being sent while upholding or gaining VRU awareness and performance metrics. This project aims to test the feasibility of clustering in real-world scenarios, as most of the experiments conducted so far have been in simulation. Testing a simplified form of clustering bicycles in three real-world scenarios showed that clustering successfully reduced the amount of VAMs in all cases. Therefore, we've concluded that clustering is feasible, but more experimentation in the real world is needed.Cirka hälften av alla trafikrelaterade dödsfall varje år kategoriseras som "Vulnerable Road Users" (exempelvis fotgängare och cyklister). En föreslagen lösning är för VRUer att kommunicera med varandra genom att skicka "VRU Awareness Messages" (VAMs) inuti ett "Vehicle-to-Everything" (V2X) nätverk. Nätverket kan bli överbelastat på grund av att för många meddelanden skickas och tas emot under vissa förhållanden. Klustring är en föreslagen metod för att reducera mängden VAMs som skickas medan VRU awareness och prestandan hålls detsamma eller ökar. Målet med detta projekt är att testa om klustring fungerar i verkliga scenarion, då de flesta tester som gjorts genomförts i simulationer. Tre tester med en simplifierad form av klustring av cyklar har genomförts i verkliga scenarion och visar på att klustring lyckades sänka mängden VAMs i alla fallen. Därav har vi kommit till insikten att klustring är användbart men ytterligare experiment med verkliga scenarion krävs
Psychological safety in athletes : Basic psychological needs as mediating factors in the relationship between leadership behaviors and psychological safety
No full textSyftet med studien var att studera grundläggande psykologiska behov som medierande faktorer i relationen mellan ledarskapsbeteenden och psykologisk trygghet. Baserat på tidigare forskning och självbestämmande teorin (SDT) ställdes två hypoteser; behovstillfredsställelse medierar relationen mellan ett autonomistödjande ledarskap och upplevd psykologisk trygghet, och behovsfrustration medierar relationen mellan ett kontrollerande ledarskap och upplevd psykologisk trygghet. Studien utgick från en kvantitativ forskningsmetod och data samlades in genom en webbenkät. Kriteriet för att delta i studien var att deltagarna skulle vara minst 18 år och aktiva idrottsutövare. Sammanlagt deltog 144 deltagare mellan åldrarna 18 och 36, samtliga aktiva inom antingen lagidrott eller enskild idrott. Medieringsanalys användes för att analysera all data och testa hypoteserna. Resultaten visade att autonomistödjande ledarskap har en positiv effekt på upplevd psykologisk trygghet medierat av behovstillfredsställelse och att kontrollerat ledarskap har en negativ effekt på psykologisk trygghet medierat av behovsfrustration. Slutsatsen av studiens resultat indikerar att det finns ett signifikant samband mellan ledarskapsstilar och psykologisk trygghet. Autonomistödjande ledarskap bör främjas och i idrottsmiljöer bör man värna om idrottarnas mentala hälsa såväl som den fysiska. Autonomistödjande ledarskap bör tillämpas, och kontrollerat ledarskap bör undvikas, för att tillfredsställa de grundläggande psykologiska behoven och uppnå upplevd psykologisk trygghet.The aim of the study was to examine basic psychological needs as mediating factors in the relationship between leadership behaviours and psychological safety. Based on previous research and self-determination theory (SDT), two hypotheses were formulated; satisfaction of needs mediates the relationship between autonomy- supportive leadership and perceived psychological safety, and need frustration mediates the relationship between controlling leadership and perceived psychological safety. The study employed a quantitative research method, with data collected via an online survey. The criteria for participation were that the participants should be at least 18 years old and active athletes. A total of 144 participants, aged between 18 and 36, all active in either team or individual sports, took part in the study. Mediation analysis was used to analyse the data and test the hypotheses. The results showed that autonomy- supportive leadership has a positive effect on perceived psychological safety, mediated by need satisfaction, while controlling leadership has a negative effect on psychological safety, mediated by need frustration. The conclusion of the study results indicates that there is a significant relationship between leadershipstyles and psychological safety. Autonomy-supportive leadership should be promoted, and in sports environments, both athletes' mental and physical health should be prioritized
Facilitating Child Participation in Care Contexts – A Norm Critical Design Approach
No full textThis thesis explores how a norm-critical design approach can support the transformation of norms surrounding child participation in care contexts, with a focus on paediatric and social care. It illustrates how such an approach can generate impact in care contexts if applied in related research and tool development. Since a persistent gap remains between the ambition of increased child participation and its realisation in practice, it poses the questions: How can barriers to child participation in care be understood based on the perspectives of key actors? and How can a norm-critical design approach facilitate a shift in norms related to child participation in care, design, and research contexts? Rooted at the intersection of design, critical theory, and health science, the thesis applies a sociotechnical perspective on participation. It compiles five qualitative studies involving children and young adults, parents, care professionals, nursing students, and nursing teachers. Together, the studies provide practical insights into how design can counteract exclusionary norms and structures in care, design, and research contexts—contexts that are still largely defined by adult-centric and biomedical paradigms. The results underscore the importance of enabling children's voices when shaping the systems meant to support them, and putting the spotlight on norms, situated perspectives, and power positions when designing for participation. The comprehensive understanding includes a theoretical model visualising the role of norm-critical approaches in norm change and suggests four ways for design to facilitate norm transformation. While norm-critical design approaches have previously not been used to address the issue of child participation in care, this thesis shows great potential for such approaches to generate impact in care contexts if applied in related research and tool development.
Drivers and barriers for adopting and implementing biogas-based industrial symbiosis in Sweden
No full textIn the transition towards a circular economy and more sustainable business practices, industrial symbiosis (IS) has emerged as a promising strategy to enhance resource efficiency, reduce waste, and generate economic and environmental benefits. Despite its well-documented advantages, IS adoption remains fragmented and inconsistent across industries and regions, raising critical questions about the drivers and barriers that influence its implementation. Energy-based IS, particularly bioenergy production like biogas, exemplifies the complexities of IS adoption. Thus, this study seeks to examine the interplay between drivers and barriers and their effect on adoption and implementation of biogas-based IS on five industrial symbioses, where additional challenges, such as competition with fossil fuels and fragmented supply chains add further complexity. The results show that economic incentives drive industrial biogas symbioses, social factors, especially collaboration and networking, are crucial enablers. A higher number of social barriers, compared to environmental ones, underscores that trust, cooperative competence, and stable relationships are not peripheral but essential. This research contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of biogas IS adoption, offering insights for business managers, policymakers, and sustainability practitioners seeking to advance IS as a scalable strategy for circular economy transitions