Högskolebiblioteket i Halmstad Publikationer
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Nurses' experiences of health promotion for people with intellectual disabilities : A general literature review
No full textBakgrund: Intellektuell funktionsnedsättning (IF) påverkar en persons intellektuella och adaptiva förmåga och förekommer hos cirka 1% av den globala populationen. Personer med IF har högre förekomst av fysiska och psykiska hälsoproblem än övrig befolkning. Hälso- och sjukvården ska sträva efter god hälsa för alla, där hälsofrämjande arbete används för att förbättra människors livskvalitet. Hälsan påverkas av fysiska, psykiska, sociala och samhälleliga faktorer. Syfte: Syftet var att belysa sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av hälsofrämjande arbete för personer med intellektuell funktionsnedsättning. Metod: En allmän litteraturstudie genomfördes och resultatet baserades på 10 vetenskapliga artiklar. Resultat: Efter dataanalys av resultatartiklarna framkom fyra kategorier: Komplexa behov kräver hälsofrämjande anpassningar och arbetssätt, Hälsofrämjande arbete kräver att sjuksköterskan ser och känner personen, Samverkan gynnar det hälsofrämjande arbetet samt Tidsbrist och okunskap förhindrar hälsofrämjande arbete. Konklusion: Sjuksköterskor beskriver erfarenheter av olika hälsofrämjande arbetssätt och anpassningar för att främja välbefinnande hos personer med IF. Det anses viktigt att känna personen, ha ett holistiskt förhållningssätt och respektera personernas autonomi. Samverkan erfars gynna det hälsofrämjande arbetet medan brist på tid och kunskap upplevs förhindra möjligheten att främja hälsa hos personer med IF.Background: Intellectual disability (ID) affects a person’s intellectual and adaptive abilities and occurs in 1% of the global population. People with ID have a higher prevalence of physical and mental health issues compared to others. Healthcare services aim to promote good health for all, utilizing health promotion to enhance the quality of life for individuals. Health is affected by physical, mental, social, and societal factors. Aim: The aim was to highlight nurses’ experiences of health promotion for people with intellectual disabilities. Method: A general literature review was conducted, and the result was based on 10 scientific articles. Result: After analyzing the data from the resulting articles, four categories emerged: Complex needs require health-promoting adjustments and methods, Health promotion requires that nurses see and know the person, Collaboration benefits health promotion, and Lack of time and knowledge hinders health promotion. Conclusion: Nurses describe experiences of different health-promoting methods and adjustments to promote well-being in people with ID. It is essential to know the person, adopt a holistic approach, and respect the person’s autonomy. Collaboration is perceived as beneficial for health promotion, while a lack of time and knowledge is seen as hindering the opportunity to promote health in people with ID
District nurses’ cultural competence in a multicultural society : A focus group study
No full textBakgrund: Den ökande kulturella mångfalden i Sverige ställer höga krav på distriktssköterskans förmåga att erbjuda personcentrerad och jämlik vård. Kulturell kompetens är central i detta arbete och omfattar både kommunikativa, relationella och organisatoriska aspekter av omvårdnaden. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att beskriva hur distriktssköterskan inom primärvården erfar kulturell kompetens i mötet med patienter med olika kulturella bakgrunder. Metod: En kvalitativ intervjustudie med induktiv ansats genomfördes. Data samlades in genom tre fokusgruppsintervjuer med totalt nio distriktssköterskor i primärvården i Halland. Intervjuerna analyserades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys med manifest ansats. Resultat: Analysen resulterade i fem huvudkategorier: Kulturell kommunikation som kärna i mötet, Anpassningar i omvårdnadsarbetet för att möta kulturella behov, Distriktssköterskans förståelse för kulturellt präglade föreställningar om hälsa och sjukdom, Att balansera kulturell hänsyn med professionella riktlinjer samt Erfarenhet som grund för utveckling av kulturell kompetens. Distriktssköterskorna beskrev kommunikationen som den största utmaningen, särskilt vid språkbarriärer och tolkanvändning. Kulturella förväntningar och olika synsätt på hälsa och sjukdom krävde anpassning, pedagogiskt arbete och etiska avvägningar. Kulturell kompetens utvecklades främst genom praktiska erfarenheter, kollegial reflektion och återkommande möten med patienter från olika kulturella bakgrunder. Slutsats: Kulturell kompetens formas i samspelet mellan distriktssköterskans erfarenhet, relationella förmågor och de organisatoriska villkor som råder. För att möjliggöra jämlik vård krävs strukturellt stöd, tid för reflektion, kontinuerlig kompetensutveckling och verktyg som underlättar kommunikationen i mångkulturella patientmöten.Background: The increasing cultural diversity in Sweden places high demands on district nurses’ ability to provide person-centred and equitable care. Cultural competence is central to this work and encompasses communicative, relational and organisational aspects of nursing. Aim: The aim of the study was to describe how district nurses in primary care experience cultural competence in encounters with patients from diverse cultural backgrounds. Method: A qualitative interview study with an inductive approach was conducted. Data were collected through three focus group interviews with a total of nine district nurses working in primary care in the Halland region. The interviews were analysed using qualitative content analysis with a manifest approach. Results: The analysis resulted in five main categories: Cultural communication as the core of the encounter, Adaptations in nursing practice to meet cultural needs, District nurses’ understanding of culturally influenced perceptions of health and illness, Balancing cultural sensitivity with professional guidelines, and Experience as the basis for developing cultural competence. District nurses described communication as the greatest challenge, particularly in relation to language barriers and the use of interpreters. Cultural expectations and differing views on health and illness required adaptation, pedagogical strategies and ethical considerations. Cultural competence was mainly developed through practical experience, collegial reflection and repeated encounters with patients from diverse backgrounds. Conclusion: Cultural competence is shaped by the interaction between the district nurse’s experience, relational abilities and the organisational conditions in which care is provided. To support equitable care, structural support, time for reflection, continuous professional development and tools that facilitate communication in multicultural patient encounters are required
A salutogenic approach to aspects facilitating female immigrants' establishment in working life : an integrative literature review
No full textBackground: Studies show that female immigrants tend to struggle to establish themselves in the working life in a new society. Since previous research has primarily focused on barriers to integration, there is a need for more studies that encompass aspects that make integration toward employment possible for women. Purpose: This integrative literature review aimed to explore peer-reviewed research on facilitating aspects for immigrant women in their process of integrating into working life. Methods: An integrative literature review yielded 15 peer-reviewed articles published between 2010 and 2024. Results: The review revealed two categories of facilitators; the power of agency and social networks as prominent patterns in the reviewed articles. The agency appeared as an active endeavour to learn culture and language, supported by social networks from family, friends, and workplaces. However, there seems to be an imbalance between the discourse of integration as a two-way process and the idea of assimilating to dominant ideas of workplaces and society. Discussion: The authors discuss the implications of these findings concerning the different meanings of integration, inclusion, assimilation, and health. © 2025 The Author(s)
Editorial 1: Working with Sport Clients in Transitions : Interventions with Diverse Clients Conducted by Teams of Practitioners
No full textDigital metacontexts : Reimagining place-making through Extended Reality (XR) and Metaverse
No full textThis paper explores how XR and Metaverse create digital metacontexts that could support place-making processes. We argue that XR technologies possess transformative potential comparable to social networks impact on society over the past two decades. Through their capacity to generate immersive 3D digital interactions, these technologies enable new forms of place meaning-making that extend beyond traditional physical boundaries. This study examines how XR and the Metaverse support place-making by creating layered digital experiences that enhance place attachment, community engagement, and spatial meaning. Our findings suggest that these technologies offer more than promotional tools, they serve as instruments for collaborative place-making, place creation and community development
Equality is a quality! The assessment of sex and gender perspectives as a quality indicator
No full textIn recent years, sex and gender perspectives (SGPs) have been included as criteria for scientific quality alongside broader impact (BI) in the peer review of funding applications at major research funding institutions. This represents an extension of policy ambitions to include gender equality in the content of research. Critics have argued that this undermines scientific autonomy. However, there has been little research on the importance that reviewers assign to SGP in practice. In this study, we use a combination of quantitative and qualitative text analysis of written opinions of 347 successful grant proposals at the Swedish funding agency Forte, cross-checked against qualitative interviews with reviewers. It is argued that reviewers rhetorically (re-)draw boundaries between what is to be considered scientific and non-scientific. They can thus both respect funders’ inclusion of SGP and BI and only allow these to influence assessment when they cohere with researchers’ notions of quality. © The Author(s) 2025
Freedom and Framework : How Instruction Shapes Creativity in Toy Making
No full textAims: This paper examines how toy-making activities foster creative problem solving among middle school students, focusing on how varying levels of instructional guidance influence their exploration, collaboration, and construction processes. Study Design: A qualitative, comparative workshop study was conducted in which two groups of students made a Jigging Puppet – one with detailed instructions and the other without detailed instructions. The analysis explored how semiotic processes, i.e. the materials and tools available in the making activity itself, shaped students’ creative and collaborative actions. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in four middle schools across urban and semi-urban regions of Kurukshetra, Haryana, India over a six-month period, including workshop implementation, documentation, and post-activity reflections. Methodology: Data were collected through classroom observations, photographs, and field notes during hands-on toy-making sessions. The analysis followed an inductive approach with a particular focus on the creative process of toy-making informed by the concept of creative problem solving addressing how learners engage with creative challenges, and the concept of affordances investigating how they shape learners’ interpretation of materials – what they can do with them – and how such material possibilities are shared, and negotiated in collaboration. These dimensions were analyzed to understand how having detailed instructions or no detailed instructions shaped students’ engagement in creative problem solving. Results: Students without detailed instructions demonstrated higher levels of exploration, experimentation, and adaptive use of materials, though their products often lacked precision or full functionality. Conversely, students with detailed instructions achieved technically refined and functional toys but showed reduced instances of creative divergence. The analysis revealed that linking and framing operated as mediating semiotic resources through which instruction influenced the balance between creativity and precision. Conclusion: The study demonstrates that toy-making can serve as a structured yet flexible medium to cultivate creative problem solving in middle school education. While minimal instruction fosters curiosity and innovation, structured guidance supports skill development and functional precision. These findings highlight the value of alternating between open-ended and guided making activities to balance creativity, collaboration, and craftsmanship in learning environments
Sambandet mellan träningsfrekvens och explicita attityder mot överviktiga genom atletisk identitet, internalisering av atletiskt ideal och internalisering av tunt/smalt ideal
No full textThe purpose of the study was to examine whether athletic identity, internalization of the thin ideal, and internalization of the athletic ideal mediate the relationships between exercise and explicit attitudes toward overweight individuals. A total of 141 individuals participated in the study, including 55 men, 84 women, and one participant who chose not to disclose their gender, aged between 17 and 74 years (M = 23.35). Whether these variables mediate the relationship between exercise frequency and explicit attitudes toward overweight individuals was investigated through a quantitative survey consisting of four questionnaires. The results showed significant indirect effects with both athletic identity and internalization of the athletic ideal as mediators. However, the results did not show a significant indirect effect with internalization of the thin ideal as a mediator. The findings suggest that individuals who exercise and have a high level of athletic identity or internalize the athletic ideal have explicit attitudes toward overweight individuals. These results can further be explained by The Social Comparison Theory, which suggests that social comparisons develop characteristics, opinions, and behaviors, forming the basis of a person's identity and the ideals they internalize. Syftet med studien var att undersöka om atletisk identitet, internalisering av atletiskt ideal samt internalisering av tunt/smalt ideal medierar sambanden mellan träning och explicita attityder mot överviktiga. Totalt var det 141 personer som deltog i studien, varav 55 män och 84 kvinnor och en som inte ville uppge kön, mellan åldrarna 17-74 (M=23.35). Huruvida variablerna medierar sambandet mellan träningsfrekvens och explicita attityder mot överviktiga undersöktes genom en kvantitativ enkät bestående av fyra formulär. Resultatet visade signifikanta indirekta effekter med både atletiskt identitet och internalisering av atletiskt ideal som mediatorer, däremot visade resultatet ingen signifikant indirekt effekt med internalisering av tunt/smalt ideal som mediator. Således tyder resultatet på att tränade som har hög atletisk identitet eller internaliserar det atletiska idealet har explicita attityder mot överviktiga. Resultatet kan ytterligare förklaras av social jämförelseteorin som menar på att social jämförelse utvecklar egenskaper, åsikter och beteenden och ligger även till grund för en persons identitet och de ideal den internaliserar.
Intentionens roll : En kvantitativ studie om attityd, upplevd beteendekontroll och skadeförebyggande träning hos lagidrottare
No full text Syftet med studien var att undersöka om intention kunde mediera sambandet mellan attityd och skadeförebyggande träning samt mellan upplevd beteendekontroll och skadeförebyggande träning. I studien var det totalt 169 deltagare (56 kvinnor och 113 män; ålder M= 17.22, SD=1.21) som tränade och spelade på en nationell nivå i olika lagidrotter. Studien var en kvantitativ tvärsnittsstudie och datan samlades in via en digital. Resultatet visade ett statistiskt signifikant samband för den indirekta effekten för attityd och upplevd beteendekontroll på skadeförebyggande träning via intention. Det indikerar att intention är en viktig mekanism för att beteendet skall utföras i det undersökta urvalet, vilket också diskuteras. Resultatet för den indirekta effekten gick i linje med Theory of Planned Behavior och stödjer tidigare forskning. Det belyser vikten av intention för att utföra skadeförebyggande träning, för att minska risken för skador. The aim of the study was to investigate whether intention could mediate the relationship between attitude and injury prevention training, as well as between perceived behavioral control and injury prevention training. A total 169 participants (56 Women and 113 men; age M=17.22, SD=1.21) who trained and competed at a national level in various team sports took part in the study. The study employed a quantitative cross-sectional design, and data were collected through a digital survery. The results showed a statistically significant relationship for the indirect effect of both attitude and perceived behavioral control on injury prevention training via intention. This indicates that intention is an important mechanism for performing the behavior in the investigated sample, which is also discussed. The results for the indirect effect were consistent with the Theory of Planned Behavior and supported previous research. They highlight the importance of intention in performing injury prevention training to reduce the risk of injuries.
Patients' daily life experiences after gastric bypass surgery : A general literature review
No full textBakgrund:Obesitas är en kronisk sjukdom som förknippas med både hög morbiditet och mortalitet. Obesitaskirurgi är behandlingen med högst effektivitet eftersom motion, dieter och läkemedel har uppvisats vara mindre effektiva vid kraftig övervikt eller obesitas. Gastric bypass är en operation som innebär en förminskning av magsäcken och omdirigering av tarmen för att minska matupptaget och öka viktminskningen. Syfte: Syftet var att belysa patienters upplevelser av det dagliga livet efter en gastric bypass operation. Metod: En allmän litteraturaturstudie med induktiv ansats som baseras på åtta resultatartiklar, varav en kvantitativ och sju kvalitativa. Resultatet sammanställdes till fyra kategorier och sex underkategorier. Resultat: (1) Upplevelser av förändringar i levnadsvanor (2) Upplevelser av förändring i det sociala livet (3) Upplevelser av förändring i det personliga livet (4) Upplevelser av förändring av kroppslig funktion. Konklusion: Övervikt och obesitas är globala växande hälso- ochsamhällsproblem.Patienter har olika upplevelser av det dagliga livet efter en gastric bypassoperation och behöver bemötas utifrån det. Genom att implementerakunskapen kring patienters upplevelser i klinisk verksamhet kansjuksköterskor få en ökad förståelse och öka möjligheten till enpersoncentrad och holistisk omvårdnad.Background: Overweight and obesity are globally growing health and societal problems. Obesity is a chronic disease that is associated with both high morbidity and mortality. Bariatric surgery is the treatment with the highest effectiveness because exercise, diets, and medications have been shown to be less effective in cases of severe overweight and obesity. Aim: The aim was to highlight patients' daily experiences after gastric bypass surgery. Method: A general literature review with an inductive approach based on eight articles with results, one quantitative and seven qualitative. The results were compiled into four categories and six subcategories. Results: (1) Experiences of changes in lifestyle habits (2) Experiences of change in social life (3) Experiences of change in personal life (4) Experiences of change in bodily function. Conclusion: Patients have different experiences of daily life after gastric bypass surgery and need to be treated accordingly. By implementing the knowledge of patients' experiences in clinical practice, nurses can gain an increased understanding and increase the opportunity for a person-centered and holistic care.bypass is a surgery that involves a reduction of the stomach and redirectionGastricof the intestine to reduce food absorption and increase weight lo