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Possible Prevention of COVID 19 by Using Linoleic Acid (C18) Rich Algae Oil
Get PDFWith the rapid spread of COVID 19, people are being isolated in countries, and more than lakhs of people have been infecting by the coronavirus. The coronavirus is an airborne organism and highly infectious at short contact distances. The use of N95 respirators masks (high-efficiency) can protect people against the COVID 19, but the protective efficiency of masks is not high enough. A method of applying oil with rich amounts of linoleic acid in nostrils can prevent the spread of the virus. Macroalgal secondary metabolites have great potential for the development of new drugs and algae derived products largely employed in assorted industries, including agricultural, biomedical, food, and pharmaceutical industries. Among different chemical components isolated from algae, oil components are the most attracting more and which were subjected to a variety of studies (antiviral potential of algae in pharmaceutical research). Algal oil and their components like linoleic acid, oleic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid are playing a preventive role in the virus infection. In addition, different mechanisms of action have been reported for these linoleic acid (C18H32O2) components, such as inhibiting the binding virus into the host cells or suppressing virulence activity by destabilization of the bilayer of viral envelopes. Application of in controlling the virus entry is mainly depend on the properties like low surface tension, high-boiling point, high viscosity, immiscible with water and antivirus activity. This manuscript mainly discusses the possible physical-chemical mechanisms involved in the application of algal oil and other sources of oils component's role in prevention of viral spread. Among that we listed out various oil sources and their applications in controlling the virus activity. Further confirmed experimental and clinical results for the use of oils as nasal spray may finally contribute to preventing the spread of the coronavirus as soon as possible
Molecular Mechanism of Coronaviruses (COVID-19) and Diagnostic Approaches: A Systematic Review
Get PDFAn acute respiratory disease is rampantly spreading in population worldwide caused by a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2, also known as COVID-19). The COVID-19 is a major source of disaster in the 21thcentury. It has spread throughout China and is received as a pandemic worldwide. To date (18th May 2020), a total of 4,827,272patients are infected and more than 3,17,174confirmed deaths have been reported with 6.57% fatality rate. Several research investigations have identified that COVID-19 belongs to ?-coronavirus family and has a highly identical genomic structure to bat coronavirus. The novel coronavirus uses the same receptor, ACE-2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) as that for SARS-CoV, and mainly spreads through the respiratory tract. As per WHO, symptoms include shortness of breath especially in the lower respiratory tract, sore, throat, cough, headaches, and fever. However, the specific drugs required to prevent/treat an attack is a major need at this current point of time. In this regard, we conducted a systematic review on coronavirus to cover the molecular mechanism of viral entry and replication, which provides the basis of future management of COVID-19
Some Areas of Damage due to COVID-19 in Haryana
Get PDFIn present times when whole world is suffering from the COVID-19 disease which has occurred from virus called as SARS-COV-2. Healthcare workers, doctors, researchers, technologists, teachers, citizens and government all are working day and night to find the vaccine for the disease and the containment of the same. COVID-19 has affected not only health of millions of people but also the economy of the world and the education societies. Hence, there is an urgent need to conduct academic research to contain the virus and study the impact of the same which can further help the government in minimizing the impact. As of July 13, 2020, roughly, 10.3 million people are infected in the whole world out of which 7.6 million people have successfully recovered and are healthy now and 0.5 million people have died. Even, the wealthiest and developed countries are affected and are finding new ways to restore the balance between healthy economy and healthy people. India is currently having some significant challenges with 0.9 million infected people and half of them fully recovered. This paper is focused on the impact of COVID-19 in the state Haryana which is having total cases of 21k as of July 13, 2020 out of which 16k have recovered. Potential areas of damage due to COVID-19 in Haryana includes environmental, education, economic, health, psychological and some other sectors too. Haryana state is known to be state of villages which also deals with people with more mythical beliefs than scientific theories which makes it a very important for the researchers to understand the situation in Haryana and all kinds of impacts. Also, there are various problems with the new norm work from home (WFH) in field of education and corporate world. Schools in Haryana have been closed since 14th March 2020 after which schools adopted for virtual classrooms but faced many problems including network glitch, lack of training and lack of awareness. This paper was written, keeping in mind every challenge and a try to find the viable solution for them
Hyperbilirubinemia May Protect Neonates from SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Yellow Eye View of COVID-19
Get PDFA consensus was developing based on immunity, children and aged are more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection than healthy young adults. Along this line of concept neonates are most vulnerable to COVID-19; however, and in fact, it is not the case. Neonates born to COVID-19 mothers are less or not affected. Among the new-born 60-80% develop hyperbilirubinemia, known as neonatal jaundice. Bilirubin in plasma up to certain level is beneficial for many reasons, including free radical scavenging. In view of this, I hypothesize that hyperbilirubinemia may protect new-born from COVID-19, and sufficient care necessary for antiviral-induced liver damage during the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection
Addressing COVID-19 Immune Storm: A Way Forward
Get PDFCOVID-19 a global pandemic is a cause for panic due to the increasing numbers and the associated fatality rate of ~5%. Death due to COVID-19 is ascribed majorly to the cytokine storm a hyper immune reaction that results in acute respiratory distress syndrome. Following the WHO Solidarity initiative, a large number of clinical trials approved at breakneck speed across the globe. It is encouraging to note that almost all trials are addressing both antiviral effect and lung protection. Clinical trials with a focus on decreasing mortality indeed harbinger a positive trend, as the world waits expectantly for a solution to this dreaded COVID-19 pandemic
COVID-19 Pathophysiology and Clinical Effects on Multiple Organ Systems: A Review
Get PDFPatients with comorbidities including Hypertension (HTN), Diabetes Mellitus (DM), Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), Asthma, Obesity, Cardiovascular Disease (CVD), Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), and those who are immunocompromised are prone to more severe complications of COVID-19 and a higher rate of hospitalizations. In the United States, around 94% of COVID-19 deaths had an average of 2.6 additional conditions or causes per death. In a summary report published by the Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention of 72,314 cases, case-fatality rate was elevated among those with preexisting comorbid conditions—10.5% for cardiovascular disease, 7.3% for diabetes, 6.3% for chronic respiratory disease, 6.0% for HTN, and 5.6% for cancer. The COVID-19 pandemic continues to threaten people and healthcare systems globally and therefore the global economy. Currently, there is no cure or vaccine for COVID-19 and there is an urgent need to develop target therapies as we continue to learn more about this novel virus. Without therapeutic interventions, much of how we contain the viral spread is prevention through mitigation strategies (social distancing, face masks, supportive care). Early suspicion of COVID-19 symptoms with radiological and laboratory assessments may play a major role in preventing severity of the COVID-19. With this literature review we aim to provide review of pathophysiology of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its clinical effects on multiple organ systems
The Prevalence of drug/substances abused among senior secondary school student in Zaria Education Zone, Kaduna State, Nigeria
No full textoai:ops.preprints.aijr.org:preprint/1The study Prevalence of drug/substances abused among senior secondary school student in Zaria Education Zone, Kaduna State, was carried out with the aim to determine the pattern of drug/substance abuse used among four (4) senior secondary schools student in Zaria Education zone. The study employed a cross-sectional study and a Multi-stage sampling method to select eligible respondents. Eligible respondents selected from the classes were taken based on their sizes and already determined number of respondents allotted to the school. The male to female ratio in each class was also considered during the selection. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire developed by reviewing previous studies. The result obtained for the study indicated that most of the respondents were concentrated within the ages of 17 – 21 years. 45% were males while 11.7 % were female. While 1.7% and 0.3% male and female respectively were ages 27above. Respondents that use drugs were more among SSS1 student and they constitute 73.3% of the population. Television constitute the highest source of respondents knowledge on drug abuse with 24.9%, newspaper 15.6%, parents 15.1% while others sources constituted the least 2.6%. Respondents Knowledge on substances generally abused indicated that use of kolanut constituted the highest 17.6%, alcohol and cigarette which are 16.4% and 15.4% respectively. The user and non-users of drugs by sex indicate 37.8% of males among the respondents use drugs/substance while 10.0% of the female respondents are engaged in drug/substance use. 27.3% of the respondents admitted that the reasons influencing use of drug/substances was to enable them read, 21.0% and 12.2% used drug/substances to keep awake and stimulate their moods respectively, while 52.3% of respondent were introduced to drug/substance by their friends. 21.8% and 19.7% of respondents identified that alertness and general ill-health were the common medical effects experienced by the drug users. 
Analytical Investigation of the Vibrational and Dynamic Response of Nano-Composite Cylindrical Shell Under Thermal Shock and Mild Heat Field by DQM Method
No full textIn this paper, the vibrations and dynamic response of an orthotropic thin-walled composite cylindrical shell with epoxy graphite layers reinforced with carbon nanotubes under heat shock and heat field loading are investigated. the carbon nanotubes were uniformly distributed along the thickness of the composite layer. The problem is that at first there is a temperature change due to the thermal field in the cylinder and the cylinder is coincident with the thermal field, then the surface temperature of the cylinder rises abruptly. Partial derivative equations of motion are coupled to heat equations. The differential quadrature method (DQM) is used to solve the equations. In this study, the effects of length, temperature, thickness and radius parameters on the natural frequencies and mid-layer displacement are investigated. The results show that increasing the outside temperature reduces the natural frequency and increases the displacement of the system. Radial displacement results were also compared with previous studies and were found to be in good agreement with previous literature. Increasing the percentage of carbon nanotubes also increased the natural frequency of the system and decreased the mobility of the middle layer
Numerical and analytical simulation of ballistic projectile penetration of high velocity impact on ceramic target
No full textSimulation and analysis of the projectile impact and penetration problem and its effects are among the practical topics that can be used to design bulletproof panel and military equipment, construction of impact and penetration resistant structures, design of projectiles with appropriate penetration strength and High performance noted. One of the most important parameters affecting penetration is the impact velocity of the projectile. The mechanism of penetration varies in different speed ranges. In this paper, Ansys Autodyn software is used for intrusion simulation. The simulation carried out in this study is based on the accuracy and physical conditions of the problem and the compatibility of numerical simulation with the governing analytical relationships indicates the validity and accuracy of the assumptions made in the simulation. In this study, we selected materials such as material behavior, grating, contact surfaces, and controls, as well as collision of the blunt projectile with angles of 0º,15º,30º,45º by of high velocity impact 1000 m/s with the same mass and diameter and shape of the projectile nose and properties. Ceramic materials are discussed. The result of the numerical simulation comparison shows relatively good agreement between them
Combining Ability and Heterosis in Diallel Analysis of Maize (Zea mays L.) Lines
No full textCombining ability and heterosis were studied in a 4 x 4 full diallel cross in maize for growth and yield contributing characters. Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replicates was used to study the following research objectives: the general combining ability of parents, highly performed hybrids and heterosis of hybrids over commercial check variety for yield and its components. Genotype was highly significant for all the traits studied. The combining abilities (GCA and SCA) and reciprocal mean squares were highly significant for most studied characters. The ratio of GCA/SCA was not less than unity for studied traits excepted for days to anthesis and ear height. The results indicated that the additive genetic effects was more important and played major role in studied traits. Thus, results revealed GCA effects for four parental lines (PL), ‘PL2’ was excellent general combiner for number of tassels and cob circumference while ‘PL3’ was good combiner for days to silking and grain yield (t.h-1). And ‘PL4’ for short height. A single cross hybrid from the GCA effects showed high SCA effects. However, most reciprocal effects were not desirable. Heterosis estimation was carried out using a commercial check variety, Oba super II. When commercial check was used, the percent heterosis for grain yield varied from -8.89 to 22.62%. Among the twelve F1 hybrid crosses, nine of the crosses exhibited significant positive heterosis for grain yield (t.h-1). Those crosses that showed significant positive or negative desirable traits for SCA effects and significant positive heterosis could be used for varietal development