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Pain Management During COVID-19 and Scope of Ayurvedic Marijuana
Get PDFDuring this novel corona virus outbreak, it is found that the most vulnerable population are the old age, especially with co-morbidities like Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and other related pain diseases that are at greater risk of contracting SARS-CoV-2. This infection is because of their impaired immune systems due to use of corticosteroids and certain drugs. Ayurvedic marijuana, as a safe remedy with phytochemicals known as cannabinoids have shown significant promise in basic experiments on pain management. Study shows leaves?of this plant have been found effective in alleviating pain and other symptoms in patients
Controlling the Dynamical Spread of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) in a Population
Get PDFIn the paper, a model governed by a system of ordinary differential equations was considered; the whole population was divided into Susceptible individuals (S), Exposed individuals (E), Infected individuals (I), Quarantined individuals (Q) and Recovered individuals (R). The well-posedness of the model was investigated by the theory of positivity and boundedness. Analytically, the equilibrium solutions were examined. A key threshold which measures the potential spread of the Coronavirus in the population is derived using the next generation method. Bifurcation analysis and global stability of the model were carried out using centre manifold theory and Lyapunov functions respectively. The effects of some parameters such as Progression rate of exposed class to infectious class, Effective contact rate, Modification parameter, Quarantine rate of infectious class, Recovery rate of infectious class and Recovery rate of quarantined class on R0 were explored through sensitivity analysis. Numerical simulations were carried out to support the theoretical results, to reduce the burden of COVID 19 disease in the population and significant in the spread of it in the population
COVID-19 Pandemic: The Origin, Transmission, Pathogenesis, and Therapeutic Application
Get PDFAn outbreak of atypical pneumonia reported in late December 2019, which subsequently progressed to global health crises of significant magnitude within the first three months after its appearance and the etiology was traced to a seafood wholesale market in the city of Wuhan, China. Where a large number of infected patients are presumed to have been exposed to the wet animal market and this was the first confirmed incident recorded. The genome sequence of this unknown pathogen was obtained and then through carefully genome sequence comparison with the already previously characterized corona viruses; SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, it was found that a betacoronavirus belonging to subfamily orthocoronavirinie is responsible for the pneumonia cases. This suggested that Wuhan was the site where COVID-19 first started and the disease is zoonotic in origin. COVID-19 pandemic has presented considerable challenges to public health care systems at global scale and dictates almost every aspect of medical practice and policies across the world. Apparently, an effective treatment therapy against COVID-19 is the most urgently needed to curb the rapidly increasing incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infections. Unfortunately up to this moment there is no approved drug for the treatment of COVID-19 patients, although many reports are suggesting the drugs which were previously used against SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV such as remdesviri, lopinavir, ritonavir, interferon beta-1b, and ribavirin but these are being tested in randomized trials and again mostly showing less clinical benefits. Use of a triple combination of interferon beta-1b, lopinavir-ritonavir and ribavirin drugs were reported to be effective than when each drug is used separately, however, collaborative investigations are needed to ascertain the fidelity of these drugs. In this review, we summarize the latest research progress of the origin, pathogenesis, clinical characteristics of COVID-19, and discussed the current treatment regimens for combating the COVID-19 pandemic
Design and Implementation of Coupled Line Bandpass Filter at C-Band
Get PDFA Radio frequency filters having applications that demand high performance and intends to contribute in system’s size and cost must be achieved by a different approach. That might be in using an advanced material, planar technology or dielectric resonators, as filter involves in many fields like wireless receivers, transmitters and in multiple locations inside an RF system to shed noise. This paper primarily demonstrates how bandpass filter exhibits itself differently when realized using lumped elements or microstrip transmission line to acquire minimum losses when transmitting high frequency signals over long or short distances in planar technology. And explains in detail to design and simulate microstrip coupled line bandpass filter
Therapeutic Potential of Olive’s Bioactive Compounds in COVID-19 Disease Management: A Review
Get PDFIn this present time the world is continuously discovering effective treatment strategies for controlling the Coronavirus disease - 2019 (COVID-19). Many researchers have focused on designing drugs which can affect replication or protease activity of coronavirus. The clinical testing and regulatory approvals for these drugs will take time. However, currently there is an urgent requirement of treatment strategies which are safe, effective and can be implemented through readily available products in market. Many plant derived products rich in secondary metabolites having potential health benefits and antimicrobial properties. The olive plant leaf extracts and olive oil are rich sources of secondary metabolites such as phenols (oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol) and terpenoids (oleanolic, maslinic and ursolic acid). These compounds have been used as an effective antiviral agents in the past. The phenolics affect the virus attachment and replication. Whereas, the terpenoids mainly affects the membrane fluidity of the virus. In the recent molecular docking studies, it was found that, these compounds effectively bound to Mpro and 3CLpro protease sites of SARS-CoV-2 and were predicted to affect the replication of the SARS-CoV-2. Apart from antiviral properties, these bioactive compounds possess various other pharmacological properties such as anti-inflammatory, anti-modulatory, anti-thrombotic and anti-oxidative. The olive oil is consumed as a source of dietary fat and is the secret behind the good health in Mediterranean people. The consumption of olive oil is safe and is believed to increase the immunity against various infectious microbes. Hence olive products can be explored in management of COVID-19. In this review the various properties of phenolic and terpenoid compounds found in olives were discussed in the context of COVID-19
Assessment of different seedling production techniques of Euterpe edulis
No full textEuterpe edulis is an endangered species with high importance ecologically and economically. Seedling production seems to be one of the most important alternatives to population recovery. Besides that, the knowledge of seedling production methods' influence over germination is very restricted. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of parent populations, germination conditions, and the substrate to commercial seedling production of E. edulis. Nine thousand seven hundred and thirteen seeds were distributed between the heated water and control, greenhouse and open-field treatments. The parent population presented high differences between most of the germination indexes. Influencing the germination rate, mean germination time and germination speed, but not affecting synchrony and uncertainty indexes. Heated water treatment did not affect any of the studied indexes, presenting a close pattern of germination over time, indicating it is an appropriate method for seedling production. Greenhouse and open-field treatment presented variations at the same indexes affected in the parent population analysis. The most profitable method for E. edulis seed germination was the greenhouse production method, which provided the best indexes results
Effect of Chitosan and Aloe vera Gel Coatings on Cucumber
No full textThis study evaluated the discrete and synergistic effect of Chitosan and Aloe vera gel coatings on the preservation of selected cucumber. Chitosan was produced from orange-crab shells with 76% degree of deacetylation; homogenized Aloe vera gel extracted from the plants was thermally pre-treated at 70 °C for 30 mins. Coatings were applied using dipping techniques and air-dried before storage in discrete plots under ambient conditions. The study estimated physicochemical, nutritional and microbiological qualities of the coated and uncoated samples for a period of 4 weeks using standard procedures. Chitosan-aloe vera gel coating attained nutrients retention with moisture loss, protein coagulation and carbohydrate retention of 2.0-3.5 %, 30-50 % and 19-46% respectively while the discrete chitosan had 4.3-6.2 %, 14-36 % and 10-28 % respectively. Eight bacterial and seven fungal isolates namely Aeromonas, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Escherichia, Proteus, Klebsiella, Serratia, Enterobacter, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium, Rhizopu and, Saccharomyces; with Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus niger as most occurring bacterial and fungal species respectively. It can be concluded that the synergistic effect of Chitosan and Aloe vera gel coatings on the fruits and vegetable had prospective effects in their preservation with drastic reduction in microbial contamination
Perspective on Accelerating the Mutation Rate of SARS-CoV-2 for a Better Way of COVID-19 Treatment: Enhanced Mutation Therapy of COVID-19
Get PDF“Higher the mutation rate higher is the possibility to evolve” and “higher the possibility to evolve higher is the possibility of extinction”. Since +ssRNA virus replication is catalyse by their own polymerase lacking proofreading activity have high mutation rate; further enhancement of mutation of SARS-CoV-2 using nucleotide analogues would be helpful to fight against COVID-1
An Overview of the Current and Potential Effects of COVID-19 on U.S. Animal Shelters
Get PDFDespite the global COVID-19 pandemic, animal shelters in the United States and around the world are experiencing massive increases in adoption and foster rates. Remaining open as designated essential businesses, these shelters are interviewing adopters in parking lots to maintain social distancing guidelines and watching even long-term or hard-to-adopt residents find permanent homes. The reasons behind these phenomena are varied, but appear to stem in part from the positive benefits humans feel that they receive from sharing their home with an animal. In addition, many believe that being able to spend more time at home is important when adopting a pet, and COVID-19 has allowed people this opportunity. This study examines the adoption phenomena through an anthrozoological lens, and identifies the reasons behind this increase in animal adoption as well as the potential negative effects once the COVID crisis is over. If this increase in adoption will continue as people return to work remains to be seen, and experts question whether relinquishment and abandonment rates will skyrocket as the nation faces widespread unemployment and economic insecurity
Mutations in structural proteins of SARS-CoV-2 and potential implications for the ongoing outbreak of infection in India
Get PDFSARS-CoV-2 has spread in India very quickly from its first reported case on 30 January 2020 in Thrissur, Kerala. With the drastic increasing number of positive cases around the world WHO raised the importance in the assessment of the risk of spread and understanding genetic modifications that could have occurred in the SARS-CoV-2. Using available genome sequence in NCBI repository from the samples of different locations in India, we identified the regions (hotspots) of the viral genome with high rates of mutation. We analysed four regions of the genome encoding structural proteins Spike (S), Nucleocapsid (N), envelop (E) and Membrane (M) proteins. Through computational biology approach, we identified multiple substitution mutations in S and N proteins whereas there is only one substitution in E protein and none in M protein. We showed most of these amino acid residues are evolutionary conserved. The changes in the conserved residues may have significant implication on the stability of the proteins and subsequent interaction with other elements, which are essential for virus propagation. This provides a basis for a better understanding of the genetic variation in SARS-CoV-2 circulating in the India, which might provide important clues for identifying potential therapeutic targets, development of efficient vaccines, antiviral drugs and diagnostic assays for controlling COVID-19