Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science
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Optimization of nitrogen requirement for better growth and yield of brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)
Get PDFA field experiment was conducted at the College of Agriculture Sciences, Agriculture Research Field of International University of Business Agriculture and Technology (IUBAT), Uttara, Dhaka, to optimize nitrogen requirements for growth and yield response of brinjal (Solanum melongena). There were six treatments of urea viz., 0, 275, 300, 325, 350 and 375 kg ha-1 and the experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications. The texture of the experimental soil was sandy loam and fertility status was very low. Parameters measured include: plant height, number of leaves plant-1, leaf area, number of branches plant-1, number of flower clustersplant-1, number of flowersplant-1, fruit diameter, fruits length, number of fruitsplant-1, fruit weight and yield. Present study results revealed that application of the highest dose of urea showed positive significant influence on growth and reproductive characters of brinjal (S. melongena). Similarly, yield and yield contributing characters of brinjal (S. melongena) increased with the increasing rates of urea. The highest yield (18.0 ton ha-1) was obtained from the application of 375 kg ha-1 urea, while the lowest yield (10.1 ton ha-1) was found from the control treatment. Thus, the overall study results suggested that 375 kg ha-1 urea performed the best in context Agriculture Research Field soils of IUBAT, Uttara, Dhaka. The study concluded that before final recommendation of the application dose, further study is needed in different agro-ecological zones of Bangladesh
Identification of pathogenic Escherichia coli strain from river and sewage water in Bangladesh
Get PDFThe study was conducted to isolate and identify the presence of Shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC) strains in water samples of the Old Brahmaputra River and Sewage water at Mymensingh Municipality. A total of 20 water samples were collected for this experiment. Samples were cultured on EMB agar, stained and PCR was done to detect the pathogenic E. coli. The Old Brahmaputra River is used as a sink of all types of municipal sewage, agricultural wastes, domestic wastes and religious ritual wastes through unplanned sewerage to the river water body. Low quality sanitation system and open defecation are also considerable problems to deteriorate river water quality. Due to accumulation of municipal untreated wastes to river body, it is possible to contain various pathogens. After investigation and identification, fourteen isolates of E. coli was found to contain stx-1 gene with none of stx-2 gene among twenty isolates which indicate pathogenic STEC. There may present major health risk to human and animal due to STEC. Several human diseases like mild diarrhea, bloody diarrhea or even severe hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) may occur for drinking of untreated river water. Domestic ruminants can act as a reservoir for STEC and play a significant role in the epidemiology of human infections
Interaction of nitrogen doses and establishment methods in lowland rice at Parwanipur, Bara, Nepal
Get PDFThe experiment was laid out in split plot design: three establishment methods were designed (Puddled transplanted rice, Non- puddled transplanted rice, Conventional dry tillage +DSR) as a main plot and four levels of nitrogen rate (0, 60, 120, 180) as sub plot and replicated three times during summer season of 2015 and 2016 at RARS, Parwanipur. Grain yield and other yield attributes like plant height, penicle length and number of tiller per m2 of rice was observed significantly differed (p<0.05) between different establishment methods and nitrogen levels. In 2015 there was not significant effect of establishment practices on grain yield but significantly highest grain yield (4603 kg/ha) was obtained from application of nitrogen@120 kg/ha and grain yield decreased with increased of nitrogen application @ 180 kg/ha (4365 kg/ha). Results reveled that significantly higher grain yield was obtained under non puddled transplanted rice (3314 kg/ha) than puddle transplanted rice (3280 kg/ha) which were at par with conventional tillage plus DSR (2123 kg/ha) and significantly highest grain yield (3424 kg/ha) was obtained from application of nitrogen@180 kg/ha during 2016. In both years the highest grain yield was obtained from puddled transplanted rice with the nitrogen application @ 120 kg/ha. Based on two years results, it can be concluded that N is limiting factor for the productivity of rice in Parwanipur. Therefore 120 kg/ha nitrogen could be optimum dose for puddled transplanting and direct seeded rice at Parwanipur condition
Adoption of disaster risk reduction strategy in agriculture sector at Southkhali Union of Sharankhola Upazila, Bangladesh
Get PDFClimate change is contemporary global threat especially for coastal area of Bangladesh which drastically affects in agricultural sector. The purpose of the study was to determine the extent of adopting disaster risk reduction strategies by farmer towards agriculture sector in Southkhali union of Sharankhola upazila. Data were collected following a structured pretested interview schedule, FGD and KII and then verified with secondary sources of information. Coefficients of Correlation and regression analysis were used to find out the contribution of factors to the variation of adopting disaster risk reduction strategy by farmers in agriculture sector. The study found that the salinity was the major climate change effect in agriculture sector of this area that resulted soil salinity in agriculture and the most common adopted strategies are rain water harvesting (90%), tree plantation (89.16%) and homestead gardening (80.83%) in agriculture. Correlation analysis indicated that age (0.383**), farming experience (0.441**), communication exposure (0.271*) and organizational support (0.226*) had positive significant relationship and climate change effect (-0.266**) had negative significant relationship with adoption of disaster risk reduction strategy of farmers in agriculture. Regression analysis revealed that farming experience (β=0.546) has the strongest contribution and climate change effect (β=-0.139) had negative contribution to the adoption of disaster risk reduction strategies in agriculture. Based on this observation it can be concluded that the awareness and skill of farmer should be more developed through arranging different training program and providing necessary support to promote environmentally safe cultivation and to enhance climate change adaptation in agriculture sector
Nitrogen uptake and economics of black rice (Oryza sativa L. indica) under different crop geometries and nitrogen management practices
Get PDFBlack rice has more antioxidants than any other rice variety. It is considered to have multiple benefits in human health due to the presence of different antioxidants. A field experiment was conducted during rainy season of 2015-2016 to assess the nitrogen uptake, use efficiency and economics of black rice production under different crop geometry and nitrogen (N) management practices in Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal. The experiment was laid out in strip plot design with three replications. The experiment consisted of treatment combination of three crop geometry (20 cm × 20 cm, 20 cm × 15 cm and 15 cm × 15 cm) in vertical plots and three nitrogen management practices (N level: 30 kg N ha-1, 60 kg N ha-1, and LCC based N-management) in horizontal plots. The results showed that the highest N uptake was recorded from closer spacing (15 cm × 15 cm) with LCC based N management. The net return and B: C ratios were higher at a closer spacing of 15 cm × 15 cm with LCC based N management and closer spacing of 15 cm × 15 cm with N application of 60 kg ha-1. The overall analysis revealed that LCC based N management under closer crop geometry (15 cm × 15 cm) was the best management practices because of high nitrogen uptake and highest monetary return with B: C ratio of 5.76
Evaluation of bloom dynamics and seasonal abundance of cyanobacteria in eutrophic fish culture ponds at three different regions of Bangladesh
Get PDFSeasonal cycle and bloom dynamics of cyanobacteria in relation to environmental parameters were studied in three areas- Godagari Upazila under Rajshahi district (GD ponds), Bogra city (BG ponds) and Singra upazila under Natore district (SG ponds) from September 2014 to August 2015. Standard methods were followed to analyze the water quality, sediment parameters and cyanobacterial cell density. Except temperature, mean values of all water quality parameters were found significantly different (P < 0.05) among the three study sites. 7 genera of cyanobacteria were identified whereas the highest density was recorded during September in all the studied ponds in order of BG ponds (130.36×106 cells/l) > SG ponds (84.93×106 cells/l) > GD ponds (58.74×106 cells/l). Gradual decrease in cell density was observed from November to January, whereas the lowest density (12.25×106 cells/l) was recorded at BG ponds in December, 2014. Higher values of soil organic matter, total nitrogen and pH were found to play significant role in determining higher cyanobacterial cell density at BG ponds compared to SG and GB ponds. The dominant species recorded in all the three studied regions was Microcystis sp
Key to Indian species of genus Brachygrammatella Girault (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) with re-description of B. indica and some new distributional records
Get PDFThe aim of the study was to re-describe the egg parasitoid Brachygrammatella indica Viggiani and Hayat with some additional morphometric characters, especially of the genitalic component with SEM photography, they are mostly attacked on eggs of hemipterous insect pests and they keep their population under check and balance. During present research, materials were collected from the forestry and adjoining agro-forestry areas of Bihar, Haryana, Punjab, Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh by sweeping with net and parasitized eggs collection. In this paper Brachygrammatella indica Viggiani & Hayat is re-described with some new distributional records and key to Indian species of genus Brachygrammatella Girault also updated
Agro-tourism: Prospects, importance, destinations and challenges in Nepal
Get PDFNepal, being an agrarian country and having diverse geography, has tremendous potential for both agricultural and tourism development. In addition, the synergistic effect on national income would have resulted if both agriculture and tourism is practiced in an integrated approach. Keeping this point in view, a study was undertaken to realize agro-biological aspects of Tourism, prospects, importance, destinations, challenges, and suggestion for the improvement in the present chaos of agro-tourism in Nepal. Pieces of Literature were collected from different Journal articles, Government institutes and other relevant reports were studied and the major findings were summarized. Nepal has innumerous tourists destination hubs like majestic and ancient Hindu architect of Kathmandu valley, the serene and tranquil natural beauty of Pokhara, high mountainous emblazoned with snow and diverse flora and fauna; in addition, Ghandruk, Illam, National parks and conservation areas across various ecological zone, Mustang, Dolakha, Solukhumbu, traditional communities, and so on add natural beauty. Agro-tourism in Nepal is in its very beginning and there are many weaknesses, challenges, and threats that retard the successfulness of Agro-tourism which need to be solved soon as “Nepal Tourism vision-2020” is near to mouth. The contribution of the tourism part on Gross Domestic Product has remained mediocre despite regardless of prodigious potentiality. In later days, the homestay and agro-tourism activities have started in different parts of the country in pursuit of noteworthy progress in the tourism sector. After analyzing the relevance of Agro-tourism in Nepal, the possible promotional strategies have been suggested
Effects of different application methods of chitosan on growth, yield and quality of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)
Get PDFA pot experiment was conducted to study the effect of different application methods of chitosan on growth, yield and quality of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). The experiment was laid out in completely randomized design (CRD) with four replications and twelve treatments combinations viz., T0= Control, T1= Soil application of chitosan (SAC) @80 ppm, T2= SAC @120 ppm, T3= Foliar spraying of chitosan (FSC) @60 ppm, T4= FSC @80 ppm, T5= FSC @100 ppm, T6= Combination of T1 and T3, T7= Combination of T1 and T4, T8= Combination of T1 and T5, T9= Combination of T2 and T3, T10= Combination of T2 and T4, and T11= Combination of T2 and T5. The study results revealed that there were significant variations among the treatments on number of leaves, numbers of flower cluster, flowering duration, fruit length and yield of tomato (L. esculentum). The highest yield of tomato (L. esculentum) was obtained from the treatment T6, while the lowest was obtained from control treatment. Vitamin-C and lycopene content of tomato (L. esculentum) fruits varied from 2.19-4.09 and 2.38-3.58 mg 100g-1 sample, respectively. Among the major minerals, the highest amounts of Ca, Mg, Na, K, S and P were obtained from T7 (0.69%), T3 (0.58%), T8 (0.38%), T1 (0.62%), T4 (0.15%) and T6 (0.33%) treatments, respectively. Study results inferred that the treatment T4 was more effective concerning most of the growth and biochemical parameters of tomato (L. esculentum). Finally, the study concluded that foliar application of chitosan alone or in combination with soil has significant effect on growth, yield and biochemical characters of tomato (L. esculentum)
Position of farmers in agriculture 4.0: Finding from farmers partner of aggregator online vegetables commodity in Indonesia
Get PDFThe idea of the agricultural revolution 4.0 emerged as the impact of the industrial revolution 4.0. Agriculture 4.0 is characterized by precision agriculture, artificial intelligence, plant factories, and digital marketing. In Indonesia since 2015, online Aggregators have begun to appear in agriculture, which are intermediary actors using internet-based applications or websites that act as liaison for farmers with markets, suppliers and funders. This online aggregator also acts as a mobilizer for partner farmers towards agriculture 4.0. But problems appear when farmers are not ready to face increasingly rapid technological advances. The purpose of this study was to explore the farmer’s position towards agriculture 4.0, especially partner of aggregator online vegetable commodities. This study used survey methods to collect information from farmers used questionnaire. Sampling method used the quota sampling to select 36 farmers from 12 aggregators online vegetables commodity. Analysis of the position of farmers using the questionnaire based on indicators on the 6 elements of management are man, material, method, machine, money, market in agricultural positions 1.0 to position 4.0. The results of the questionnaire are then processed based on the arithmetic mean. The results showed the position of aggregate partner farmers in general were able to pass the phase of the agricultural revolution 3.0 towards agriculture 4.0. The findings of this study show elements come near to the agricultural 4.0 position are market and material element with an average value 3,83 and 3,56. While the lowest element position with an average position value of 2.94 is machine