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Determination of intra and inter row spacing on the yield of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) in the dry land areas of Wag Himra, eastern Amhara, Ethiopia
Get PDFRecently in Ethiopia pearl millet has drawn a lot of attention as a replacement for maize and sorghum in the dry land areas because of its ability to reliably produce grains on a wide range of soils and harsh production environment. A field experiment was conducted during the 2014 cropping season on the Research sites of Abergele and Aybra, at Sekota dryland agricultural research Centre, eastern Amhara, Ethiopia, with the objective of to increase the productivity of pearl millet in the study areas of Wag-Himra Zone through optimizing its intra and inter-row spacing. The treatments considered in the study were consisting of four intra row spacing’s (5, 10, 15 and 20 cm) and four inter-row spacing (30, 50, 60 and 75 cm) and making a total of sixteen treatments. The Randomized Complete Block Design factorial arrangement with three replications a plot size of 5m × 3m was used. Based on the Combined analysis main effects of inter and intra row spacing by location showed significance difference (p<0.05) for the parameters of grain yield. The heights grain yield was recorded from 50cm and 5cm inter and intra row spacing respectively, whereas the lowest grain yield was recorded from 60 cm and 75 cm with 20 cm inter and intra row spacing respectively. It is possible to recommend that, sowing of pearl millet with inter row spacing of 50cm and 5cm intra row spacing is effective in attaining higher grain yield in the study area
Effect of plant spacing and integrated nutrient management on the yield performance of Binadhan-14
Get PDFAn experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during the period from June to December 2014 with a view to finding out the effect of plant spacing and integrated nutrient management on the yield of Binadhan-14. The experiment consisted of three spacing viz., 25 cm × 15 cm, 20 cm × 20 cm and 20 cm × 15 cm and seven nutrient management viz., recommended dose of inorganic fertilizer @ 180-150-70-65-8 kg ha-1 of Urea-TSP-MoP-Gypsum-ZnSO4 respectively, cowdung @ 10 t ha-1, poultry manure @ 5 t ha-1, 50% recommended dose of inorganic fertilizer + cowdung @ 5 t ha-1, 50% recommended dose of inorganic fertilizer + poultry manure @ 2.5 t ha-1, 50% recommended dose of inorganic fertilizer + cowdung @ 10 t ha-1, 50% recommended dose of inorganic fertilizer + poultry manure @ 5 t ha-1. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Crop characters, yield components and yield of Binadhan-14 were significantly influenced by spacing, integrated nutrient management and their interaction. The highest number of effective tillers hill-1(6.81), 1000-grain weight (22.67 g) and grain yield (4.78 t ha-1) were recorded at the spacing 20 cm × 15 cm while in case of integrated nutrient management, the highest number of grains panicle-1 (64.47) was found with 50% recommended dose of inorganic fertilizer + cowdung @5 t ha-1, on the other hand, 1000- grain weight (22.91g), and grain yield (5.02 t ha-1) were found with 50% recommended dose of inorganic fertilizer + poultry manure @ 5 t ha-1 while the lowest values from poultry manure @ 5 t ha-1. The highest grain (5.53 t ha-1) and straw (6.23 t ha-1) yields were found at the interaction of 20 cm × 15 cm spacing fertilized with 50% recommended dose of inorganic fertilizer + poultry manure @ 5 t ha-1. It can be concluded that short duration Binadhan-14 can be transplanted at the 20 cm × 15 cm spacing fertilized with 50% recommended dose of inorganic fertilizer + poultry manure @5 t ha-1 to obtain maximum grain yield
Performance of chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) lines with different plantation time during rainy season
Get PDFThe experiment was conducted during April to September, 2016 at Spices Research Sub-Centre, Faridpur to evaluate the performances of four chilli lines with BARI Morich-2 as check and to select the suitable planting time during rainy season. The experimental field belongs to high land of Low Ganges River Floodplain (AEZ 12) with clay loam in texture. The experiment was laid out in RCB design with three replications. Four lines and a variety viz., C0711, C0712, C0713 and C0714 and BARI Morich-2 as check were evaluated with three planting time viz., 01April, 15 April and 30 April. Seedlings of 40 days old were transplanted maintaining of 50cm × 50cm spacing in each case. The crop (Green chilli) was started to harvest from July and completed on August-September, 2016.Among the lines, C0712 emerged as superior in terms of maximum number of fruits/plant (225.7) and weight of fruits/plant (478.6g) and fresh yield (15.43t/ha) while the highest single fruit weight (3.217 g) was found from C0714. The 15 April planting date emerged as best in terms of maximum weighed fruit (2.661g), weight of fruits/ plant (409.3 g), number of fruits/plant (182.5) and fresh yield (12.14 t/ha). The interaction effect showed that lineC0712 transplanted on 15 April gave the heavier fruits/plants (542.2 g) with maximum number of fruits/plant (241.3)and maximum fresh yield (16.73 t/ha). The 15 April planting was ideal for rainy season chilli evaluation and the line C0712 was the most stable performing line with respect to different planting dates
A lack of response of irrigated soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) in rotation with cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) in the Mississippi Delta, USA
Get PDFThe effects of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.): soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotations on the respective crops are limited. This manuscript discusses the response of irrigated soybean in crop rotation with cotton. An irrigated soybean: cotton rotation experiment was conducted from the year 2012 through 2015 near Elizabeth, MS. The crop rotation sequences were included continuous soybean (SSSS), continuous cotton (CCCC), cotton followed by soybean (SCSC), soybean followed by cotton (CSCS), soybean followed by two year of cotton (SCCS), and cotton followed by two year of soybean (CSSC). The rotations were grown under two production systems conventional and transgenetic with respect to weed control. During this study, a weed control treatment of (pendimethalin pre-emergence vs. glyphosate post-emergence) as included on the soybean plots was used. The soybean yields across rotations within a year were not significantly different. The means yields differed among years (3655.1, 3023.6, 3500.6 and 2600.3 Kg ha-1 for the year 2012, 2013, 2014 and 2015, respectively) and appear related to difference in rainfall/irrigation amounts. The results revealed that the weights of 100 seed samples averaged 13.9g in the year 2015 which differed from the previous years (16.2, 15.6, and 16.2g; 2012, 2013 and 2014, respectively). Therefore, the rotations of cotton with soybean appear to have neither a beneficial or negative effect on soybean yield
Health risk assessment of heavy metals via dietary intake of vegetables grown in wastewater irrigated areas of Jagjeetpur, Haridwar India
Get PDFThe present study was conducted to appraise the human health risk due to dietary intake of heavy metals contaminated vegetables viz., cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata), cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis) and spinach, (Spinacia oleracea) grown in the municipal wastewater irrigated soil in the proximity of sewage treatment plant (STP), Jagjeetpur, Haridwar. The results showed that Cd, Fe and Mn concentrations in B. oleracea var. capitata, B. oleracea var. botrytis and S. oleracea were found beyond the safe limit of the Indian and WHO/FAO standards for heavy metals in the vegetables. The contamination factor of these heavy metals in the soil was recorded in the order of Fe > Mn > Zn > Cu > Cr > Cd after irrigation of municipal wastewater. The higher values of metal pollution index in different vegetables as B. oleracea var. capitata (14.82; B. oleracea var. botrytis (10.48) and S. oleracea (12.59) showed more health risk index for Cd, Fe and Mn in these vegetables cultivated in the wastewater irrigated soil. Therefore, dietary intake of these heavy metals contaminated vegetables may pose a significant threat to the human health. However, cauliflower contained less heavy metal as compared to the cabbage and spinach, but health risk was more due to higher role in the diet. Even though there were low concentrations of heavy metals in the municipal wastewater used for the irrigation, but long term use of the municipal wastewater may cause gradual buildup of heavy metals in the vegetables grown in the municipal wastewater irrigated soil and leads to health risk of consumers due to intake of heavy metals contaminated vegetables
Influence of sowing date on the growth and yield performance of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties
Get PDFA field study was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh to investigate the effect of sowing date on the performance of wheat varieties. The experiment, laid out in RCBD with three replications, comprised four sowing dates viz.,15 November, 30 November, 15 December and 30 December, and four varieties of wheat viz. BARI Gom 25, BARI Gom 26, BARI Gom 27 and Shatabdi. The results suggested that the highest plant population m-2 (58.17) and the highest plant height (89.59 cm) were obtained in 15 November sowing. BARI Gom 25 produced the highest plant population m-2 (50.33) and the highest plant height (86.32) while the same trend was observed in the interaction of BARI Gom 25×15 November sowing. The lowest performance of these two parameters was observed in the interaction of Shatabdi × 30 December sowing. The highest grain yield (2.18 ha-1) was found in the interaction of BARI Gom 25 × 15 November sowing as contributed by its highest number of effective tillers hill-1 (4.73), the highest number of spikelets spike-1 (17.77), the highest number of grains spike-1(37.89) and the highest 1000-grain weight (29.99g). The individual effect of the BARI Gom 25 and 15 November sowing on those parameters was also observed as the highest. The lowest grain yield (1.5 t ha-1) was found in the interaction of Shatabdi × 30 December sowing because of the poor performance of the yield components of this treatment combination. The variety BARI Gom 25 and BARI Gom 26 both gave better yield when sown on 15 November. Therefore, BARI Gom 25 and BARI Gom 26 should be sown on 15 November rather than late sowing to obtain better performance and grain yield of wheat
Phytochemical screening and in vitro antibacterial activity of Moringa oleifera (Lam.) leaf extract
Get PDFThe aim of the study was to investigate the phytochemical constituents and antibacterial activity of ethanolic extract of Moringa oleifera Lam. belonging to family Moringaceae. Distilled water and ethanol was used to extract the bioactive compounds from the leaves of M. oleifera to detect the phytochemical constituents and to screen its antibacterial activity. The phytochemical constituents were screened by qualitative analysis method. The phytochemical screening indicated the presence of tannins, flavonoids, glycosides, terpenoids, phenols, etc., in leaf extract of M. oleifera. The antibacterial activity of ethanolic leaf extract of M. oleifera was examined against gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) and gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli). Antibacterial assay were done with ethanolic extract of M. oleifera in volumes 50, 100, 150 and 200 μL/well, using agar well diffusion method. The study showed that ethanolic extract of M. oleifera showed potent antibacterial activity against S. Aureus and E. coli
Phytocomposition and pharmacological importance of Paris polyphylla (Smith.) and needs of its conservation in Arunachal Pradesh, India
Get PDFParis polyphylla Smith. is a well-known herbal medicine. In Arunachal Pradesh, P. polyphylla has drawn much attention among villagers, print media and the wild life government officials. With the advantage of suitable climate, soil, geographical and weather conditions, this healing herb grows luxuriantly in Arunachal Pradesh but the excessive extraction of this species for illegal trading has resulted into the alarming loss of natural populations. The present study was carried out to study the distribution, population status and chemical compositions of P. polyphylla in Arunachal Pradesh. To answers the objectives of the studies; Interview, Personal observation, field visit and GCMS were used in the study methods. The results of present study reflect unscientific collection, illegal trading, drastic loss of natural population in Arunachal Pradesh; the ethanolic extract gave forty five phytocompounds with numbers of health wellness compounds. Antidepressant, anti uric acid forming compound, anti-cancer, antihypertensive, compounds useful in Parkinson’s disease care and immune system improvement are the major phytocompounds present in P. polyphylla stem. Linolein, 2- mono was found to occupy highest area percentage in TIC peak report with 20.21% while Spirost-5-EN-3-OL, (3.beta. 25R) occupy second highest with 15.31 percent area, respectively. The present study shows need of immediate conservational measures, awareness among the villagers, further phytochemical studies and initiation of propagation to increase the population
Effect of sunlight and artificial light on micropropagation of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) plantlets
Get PDFFluorescent lamps (artificial light) and sunlight were used as lighting source in present study to identify feasibility of using sunlight in plant tissue culture laboratory. In vitro regenerated nodal segments of the cardinal variety of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) were inoculated in MS medium without any growth regulator for shoot and root development. After 30 days of culture in an average temperature at 21.94±0.21°C, relative humidity 39.35±0.75%, various morphological responses i.e. plantlet height, diameter of plantlet, number of nodes per plantlet, inter node distance, number of leaves per plantlet, fresh and dry weight of plantlets , number of root, length of root, growth rate etc. were recorded. The average light intensity at sunlight and artificial treatment was observed at 4805.5±326.54 lux and 3484±84.44 lux, respectively. All the growth factors performed better result in sunlight treatment than those of artificial one except average number of nodes and leaves. The average height of plantlet at sunlight was 53.33±3.32 mm which was greater than that of artificial light 51.67±2.15 mm. Fresh weight and dry weight are two important morphological factors for plantlet and in case of fresh weight that was always greater 0.49±0.097 in sunlighted plantlet and 0.21±0.026 in artificial one. In case of dry weight the average weight 0.08±0.016 was greater in sunlighted plantlet than that of 0.03±0.004 in artificial one. Number of roots, root length and growth rate of the plantlets observed higher in sunlighted plantlets compared to artificial light. Moreover, the sunlighted plantlets were healthier, vigorous and strong which helped plants to establish in net house easily. Considering the cost of electricity consumption, from a laboratory area of 20.47 m2 BD Taka 63% could be saved in each month by using sunlight. As low cost options of energy saving in tissue culture laboratory using sunlight would be feasible and environmentally friendly technology for commercial point of view in Bangladesh
Effects of mulching on growth and yield components of selected varieties of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under field condition
Get PDFWheat is facing increased high temperature during its grain filling period in Bangladesh which reduces yield drastically. Mulching may help to mitigate this problem. Therefore, a field experiment was carried out at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during the period from November 2015 to March 2016 to find out growth and yield performance of wheat as influenced by mulching. The experiment comprised of two factors viz., variety and mulching. The variety comprised of BARI Gom-26, BARI Gom-27 and BARI Gom-28. Mulching comprised of four different levels of treatments viz.no mulch + no irrigation (control), water hyacinth mulch + no irrigation, rice straw mulch + no irrigation and two irrigations at CRI and flowering stage. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. BARI Gom-28 showed the highest values in growth parameters (plant height, number of total tillers hill-1, LAI, chlorophyll content and total dry matter) at 30, 45 and 60 DAS. On the other hand, when mulching was compared, rice straw mulch gave higher yield compared to other treatments at 30, 45 and 60 DAS. The interaction effect of variety and mulching showed significant in relation to yield and yield components except plant height, spike length, 1000- grain weight and harvest index (%). The tallest plant (93.20 cm) was obtained from the interaction of BARI Gom-28 and rice straw mulch. The highest number of total tillers hill-1 (4.80), number of effective tillers hill-1 (4.57), spike length (10.23), number of spikelets spike-1 (21.15), 1000-grain weight (48.54 g), grain yield (5.20 t ha-1), straw yield (7.27 t ha-1), and harvest index (41.71%) were obtained from the interaction of BARI Gom-28 and rice straw mulch. The lowest grain yield was obtained from BARI Gom-26 and control (no mulch + no irrigation). It may be concluded from the results of the study that, BARI Gom-28 with rice straw mulching treatment can be used for successful cultivation of wheat