Defence Life Science Journal
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Microgreens A Review on Bioactive Compounds, Sensory Acceptance and Utilisation in Functional Food Development
Get PDFMicrogreens are acquired by harvesting the upper part of a young plant within a window of 10-20 days. They are rich sources of several nutrients and antioxidants. Microgreens harbour minerals like magnesium, iron, calcium, zinc, selenium, and vitamins such as α-tocopherol and ascorbic acid. Microgreen farming is attracting vegetable growers due to its short harvesting time and customer demand. But their deterioration starts just after harvest, resulting in a low shelf-life that deters their market growth. Developing functional foods with extended shelf-life using microgreens is required to further expand their market. Microgreens-based food-products hold great potential on the market. A few attempts have been made to develop microgreens-based food-products (muffins, beverages, and cookies), yet this area is still largely undiscovered. This review aims to discuss the bioactive compounds, associated health benefits, and sensory acceptance of microgreens and explore the development of novel, healthy, and tasty microgreens-based food-products
Multi Targeted Non Invasive Photoceutical Therapeutic Approach for Combat and Traumatic Soft Tissue Injuries
Get PDFCombat and soft tissue traumatic injuries pose unique challenges in terms of their severity, complexity, and thus need for the exploration of rapid, novel therapeutic interventions. Traditionally, combat injuries have been managed through invasive surgical procedures associated with potential complications and prolonged recovery times. However, advancements in non-invasive treatment modalities have opened up new possibilities for managing combat injuries more effectively and efficiently. The present article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of non-invasive, drug-free, biophysical therapeutic approaches for combat and external traumatic injuries, focusing on their benefits, efficacy, and potential applications. The non-invasive nature and favourable safety profile of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) make it an attractive option for combat injury management. The evidence on underlying mechanistic insights supports the efficacy of PBMT in promoting tissue repair, reducing pain, inflammation, oxidative stress, and facilitating functional recovery. In conclusion, the present review highlights the significant potential of non-invasive PBMT using dual/multi-wavelength light energy as a valuable therapeutic approach for traumatic soft tissue and combat injuries and extensively explores associated mechanistic insights. Further research on combination therapies using potential pharmacological agents in conjunction with PBMT, with optimal irradiation protocols and other energy-based healing modalities will favour the translation of potential non-invasive healing intervention for combat and traumatic injuries in clinical applications
Exploring Carotenoid from Rhodococcus Kroppenstedtii as a Photosensitizer in a Dye Sensitised Solar Cell
Get PDFA Dye-Sensitised Solar Cell (DSSC) is a low-cost thin film solar cell that works in diffused light and comes in a variety of colors. Most of the investigations on organic dye-based DSSC have used pigments from flowers and fruits as photosensitizers. With the majority of the world\u27s economy reliant on agriculture to meet the food and feed demand, using agricultural resources for color extraction is not a realistic solution. Alternative dye resources, such as microorganisms, must thus be investigated in DSSCs to ensure a long-term future. The present study was a preliminary investigation to explore the potential of carotenoids derived from an actinobacteria Rhodococcus kroppenstedtii as a photosensitizer in a DSSC. The carotenoid extract from R. kroppenstedtii was subjected to stability analysis, to ascertain its potential as a photosensitizer. The extract was found to be stable at varying temperatures (0-80 °C), pH (3-11), and light conditions (dark, white light, sunlight), indicating its potential applicability as a photosensitizer. Further, increasing concentrations (12.5 mg/mL-100 mg/mL) of the extract was used for sensitization of TiO 2 in a DSSC assembly. The extract showed a linear rise in power output (078±0.0001 - 20.75±0.0003 mW), which proposes its scope as a stable and cheap photosensitizer in a DSSC
Solar Energy powered active Greenhouse for the cultivation of Fresh Food during winter in Trans Himalayan Cold Arid Region, India
Get PDFThe Trans-Himalayan Cold arid high altitude region of Ladakh have hostile climatic conditions particularly lowtemperature (-20°C to -45°C). The region shares international borders with two countries viz. China and Pakistanand hence large numbers of Army personnel are deployed in the region due to their strategic importance. Production of fresh food locally is difficult due to low atmospheric temperatures. The region remains cut off from the external world during the winter period for almost 6-8 months due to the closure of roads, which causes an acute shortage of fresh food. Some supply from other regions through the air is carried out but available only to a limited population and costly also, hence beyond the pocket of the common’s man. The inhabitants hence mostly have to survive on packaged food containing food preservatives and harmful chemicals, which are the causes of many diseases. In addition, the unavailability of fresh food causes nutritional deficiency in the inhabitants of the region. Production of fresh food locally seems possible and realistic in closed structures, only if the temperature is maintained. The objective of this study is to prove fresh food production by maintaining suitable temperatures in structures during peak winter using solar energy. Solar energy is available in plenty in the region and stood at 4 th position in India in terms of irradiation. A variety of fresh foods were produced by maintaining temperature in the coldest and largest existing structure using commercially available heating units successively from 2016-2019 during the winter period. The heating units were supplied energy from a Solar PV-based system. An average of 1500kgs-1800kgs of a variety of fresh vegetables were produced and supplied for the first time in the region during the peak winter period of 2016 to 2019. The survival percentage of 92.5% to 100% is found in a structure with an area of 3600 2 feet.Fresh foods were produced and supplied to the user by maintaining minimum survival temperature using solar energy as a source with commercially available heating technology in the largest and coldest existing structure
Immediate Loading Dental Implants Can Resonance Frequency Analysis or Micro Roughness be Guidance: A Prospective Study
Get PDFThis study was designed to evaluate the effect of different surface preparations and macro design on the stability of implants through resonance frequency analysis and insertion torque. 4 commercially available dental implants were compared for in-vitro and in-vivo application. In vitro application, surface roughness was assessed with surface stylus profilometry. As an in-vivo application, 49 dental implants spread over different systems were placed in equivalent number of patients and rehabilitated for missing permanent mandibular first molar using implants dimensions of approximately 4 mm diameter and 10mm length. Insertion Torque (IT) and Resonance Frequency Analysis (RFA) values during implant placement were recorded for each case. Stability values using RFA were re-assessed at 1- and 12-months follow-up. Surface roughness of dental implants ranged for 0.46 µm to 4.38 µm for each system. Both the ISQ and insertion torque varied significantly with the variation in surface texture and macro design. Despite variations in surface roughness, IT and ISQ values, all implant systems showed successful immediate loading and good clinical performance. Considering the variation in surface values depending on instrument used, it is necessary to conduct comparative studies between different surface assessment instruments to quantify this difference. Further, more studies with larger sample size should be conducted to further substantiate the obtained results
Immunomodulatory Activity of Shilajatu (Asphaltum punjabinum) Processed in Different Media: An In Vivo Study
Get PDFImmunomodulators modify the immune response of the body to a threat by potentiating it, but conventional immunomodulatory drugs are associated with higher costs and adverse drug reactions. Therefore, the exploration of herbal immunomodulators is a need of time. Shilajatu is a compound of therapeutic importance that is described in Ayurveda as Rasayana (Immunomodulator). The current study has been planned to assess the Rasayana property (Immunomodulatory activity) of Shilajatu (Asphaltum punjabinum) collected from two market sources i.e. Amritsar and Nepal, processed in Water and Triphala Kwatha (decoction prepared from fruits of Terminalia chebula Retz. (Haritaki), Terminalia bellirica Gaertn. Roxb. (Vibhitaki) & Phyllanthus emblica L.(Amalaki) on cell-mediated immunity. It involved Wistar strain albino rats, weighing 180 ± 20 g of either sex, which were divided into five groups. Test animals were subcutaneously sensitized (0.5 ml/100 g body weight) with triple antigen solution on day 1 and the test drug was administered orally at the dose level of 100 mg per kg in four groups and one group was served as negative control. On the seventh day, again 0.1 ml was injected into the plantar aponeurosis, and hind paw edema was assessed at 24 and 48 hrs for cell-mediated immunity. Groups with drug intervention have shown more edema inhibitory percentage than the water control group at all intervals. Besides, Shilajatu samples processed in Triphala Kwatha have shown a better immunity-enhancing profile than water-processed samples at both the time intervals i.e., 24 and 48 hrs. Therefore, Shuddha Shilajatu can be used as a potent immunomodulator in the management of various diseases as well as enhancing the immunity of a healthy person. Moreover, processing media and supply sources of drugs should be considered for achieving desired therapeutic outcomes
Preliminary Pharmacognostic, Physicochemical and Phytochemical Evaluation of Plumeria Obtuse Seed Pods
Get PDFPlumeria obtuse L. (Apocynaceae) is an ornate outdoor plant. The plant was traditionally used during accidentalinjuries. However, the pharmacognosy of this plant is very poorly explored. Therefore, we have conducted this study to assess the distinctive qualities of the P. obtusa. To investigate P. obtusa seed pods’ preliminary pharmacognostic, physical-chemical, phytochemical, microscopic, and phytoconstituent potential. Initially, the shape and microscopic characteristics of plant seed pods were assessed. Physicochemical analysis was used for the standardization. Utilizing several chemical techniques, phytoconstituents were evaluated qualitatively. This was followed by quantitative estimation and analytical profiling of various phytoconstituents. The basic characteristics of the seed pod have been documented by macroscopy to be its brown color, sweet aroma, bitter flavor, coarse texture, and rough fracture. Microscopy showed the existence of vascular bundles, lignified fibers, calcium oxalate crystals and arteries. The results of the physicochemical analysis revealed no foreign organic matter, 2.8 % weight-average moisture content and a high total ash value of 14.80 compared to an acid insoluble ash value of 0.70, which indicated that there was less inorganic matter in the plant. The extractive values were 3.93, 6.03 and 10.16 % w/w for water soluble, alcohol soluble and hydro-alcoholic soluble extracts respectively. Flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, phenolic constituents, tannins and carbohydrates were found during early phytochemical analysis. Instrumental analysis has given an idea about functional groups present whereas GCMS technique helped in identification of phytoconstituents. The results of this study can be significantly used as a reference support for quality control and standardization of P. obtusa and preparation of a monograph of plant
Cultivation of Black Goji Berry (Lycium Ruthenicum Murr.) in the Trans Himalayan Region Ladakh Agro Technique Harvest, Yield and Cost Benefit Analysis
Get PDFThe present study discusses the agro technique, harvesting, yield, and economics of less explored highly medicinal plant black goji berry (Lycium ruthenicum). It was observed that black goji berries can be easily cultivated through seed, pencil-thickness hardwood stem cuttings, and rootstock. Black goji berry harvesting is a very difficult and tedious task for goji growing farmers as the berries get easily ruptured during harvesting and lose their content. To address these obstacles, DIHAR-DRDO, Leh conducted several goji berry harvesting trials deploying various techniques. Collecting fruits/berries to their full potential requires careful planning and tactics, which involves the use of an appropriate harvesting method that minimizes damage. After performing various method of harvesting, the best outcome was reported in cutting the fruit-bearing branch method as its less expensive with minimum fruit damage (5 %), time-saving, and retain the quality of fruit as compared to the other harvesting methods. An approximate cost production and net profit calculation were performed for 1011.71 square meters (02 Kanal) plantations of L. ruthenicum to their average yield of fruit production per plant. The average yield of three-year-old hardwood stem cutting and uprooted plant is 500-600 gm of fresh berry per plant on average. The economic relation to the cost production of L. ruthenicum is highly beneficial and it has all the capabilities of enhancing the socio-economy of the fragile ecosystem