Defence Life Science Journal
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Biofilm Formation in Acute and Chronic Infections with Special Emphasis on Common Chronic and Nosocomial Infections
Get PDFBiofilm is defined as a community of microorganisms that are adhered to living or non-living solid surfaces and embedded in a common, self-made matrix, comprising of exopolysaccharide material. The role of biofilm in chronic diseases deserves special importance as these extracellular polymeric materials developed with quorum sensing support both the primary criteria of infection development namely adhesion and colonisation. Due to their structural and physiological changes, microorganisms present in the biofilm are difficult to treat or eradicate. The presence of a protective layer of extracellular polymers, changes in metabolic activity or a high rate of mutation make them tolerant or resistant to conventional treatment. The persistence of pathogenic microorganisms mostly renders biofilm to be associated with several acute and chronic infections and various nosocomial or healthcare-related infections. Furthermore, cancer development may also result due to biofilm formation. Biofilm may contribute to inflammation. This study deals with molecular aspects of biofilm formation and its role in different disease formations
Water Stress in Crop Plants Challenges and its Management A Review: A Review
Get PDFIn 21st century, shrinkage of land resources, heavy population pressure and degradation of soil has declined the fertility and productivity of soil. Water stress is the main factor that decreases growth, development and photosynthesis of plants because water is the central molecule for transporting metabolites and nutrients, forms biomass of 80-90% in plants. Water stress disturbs organization of proteins with lipids, transportation, activities of enzymes and also decreases biosynthesis of mRNAs, proteins and overall yield up to 80%. During stress conditions, abscisic acid, diacylglycerol (DAG), inositol triphosphate and inositol hexaphosphate acts as signal molecules and controls gene expression. Therefore, plant has developed defensive mechanisms at morphological, physiological, molecular and biochemical level such as: lower CO2 concentration, impairment in carbon and nitrogen metabolism, decrease in stomatal conductance, CO2 assimilation, etc. Moreover, there are two component of antioxidant defence system in cell of plants: non-enzymatic and enzymatic). The various components of enzymatic system are as follows; glutathione reductase, superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidise, catalase and peroxidise. The components of non-enzymatic systems are ascorbic acid, cysteine and reduced glutathione. The other enzymes are glutathione reductase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, ascorbate peroxidise and dehydro-ascorbate reductase. The antioxidative defence system is considered as the important adaptive mechanism The most critical hormone is ABA which helps in conducting resistance to abiotic and biotic stress. The catabolism and synthesis of many PGRs such as gibberellins, auxins, cytokinins, jasmonic acid, ethylene, brassinosteroids, etc. are the main consequent of osmotic damage of plants. But it can be improved by exogenous application of substances, fertilizers, bio fertilizers, plant growth regulators, hydrogels, genomic editing and agronomic approaches, etc. Apart from these, resistant varieties can be used for better yields and returns
Resilience and Coping Are they Different
No full textThe concepts of resilience and coping share an intertwined relationship with each other to the extent thatquestions arise whether the two are different constructs or one encompasses the other. The present study aimed at analysing the correlated and conjoint factorial nature of two popular measures of resilience and coping, namely the Connor-Davidson Resilience scale (CD-RISC); and the Coping Styles Questionnaire (CSQ) in the Indian population. The sample consisted of 184 participants within the age range of 18-30 years. Results depicted that adaptive coping styles correlated with resilience. The factor analysis of CD-RISC provided two factors, whereas CSQ provided four different factors. The joint factor analysis provided four factors with significant overlap between adaptive coping and resilience
Fatness Predicts Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factor Profile Better than Fitness in Healthy Men A Discriminant Analysis Approach
Get PDFFitness is healthy and can help to reduce, but not eliminate, the negative effects of obesity. As a result,identifying variables for categorizing individuals into high-risk or low-risk groups is critical.The study’s goalwasto determine the relationship between fitness, fatness, and cardiovascular disease risk factors as well as to construct a discriminant model for categorizing individuals as high-risk or low-risk. A total of 120 in-service healthy armed forces personnel aged 25 to 49 years were randomly selected as subjects for this study and were measured for the selected fitness and fatness variables, namely cardio respiratory endurance, muscular endurance, muscular leg and back strength, flexibility, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, waist-hip ratio, body mass index, waist to height ratio, and fat percentage. The findings revealed that fitness variables contribute little to CVD risk factors than specific fatness characteristics, which appear to play a larger role.Based on selected fitness and fatness indicators, a discriminant model was developed to classify subjects into high and low cardiovascular disease risk groups. The group centroid was found to be 0.829. The model validity was determined to be 80.6 per cent based on the classification matrix. Finally, the findings of the study suggest that age and waist circumference play an important role in distinguishing individuals with high and low CVD ris
Phenolic and antioxidant capacity retention of potato peel waste as a function of cultivar, pretreatment and drying procedure
Get PDFDrying procedures employed for potato peels (both raw and boiled) may adversely affect the useful bioactivecomponents present in them. This study envisaged the identification of a feasible drying procedure for handlingbulk potato peel waste for maximising the retention of phytochemicals in the peel powder. The total phenols (TP), flavonoids (TF) and antioxidant capacity (TAC) were assessed in peels of three commercial and one newly developed anthocyanin rich Indian potato cultivars in response to boiling pretreatment and varying drying procedures. Microwave drying (600W) was best in terms of drying rate for both raw and boiled peels. It yielded the greatest amount of TP and TF in the dried raw peel, irrespective of cultivar. Dried raw peels of an thocyanin rich Kufri Neelkanth cultivar exhibited maximum TAC. Retention of TF, metal scavenging activity and reducing power followed almost a similar pattern as TP irrespective of cultivar, pretreatment and drying procedure. Our study shows that potato peel from Kufri Neelkanth (raw) and Kufri Frysona (both raw and boiled) are best source of phenolics and flavonoids and can serve as a suitable matrix for extraction of bioactive compounds which holds promise for use in the food industry
Review on Medicinal Importance of Butea monosperma Lam. (Taub)
Get PDFButea monosperma is a renowned therapeutic plant, a medium size deciduous tree broadly dispersed in India, Bangladesh, Cambodia, Myanmar, China South-Central, Nepal, Laos, Sri Lanka, China Southeast, Pakistan, and Vietnam. Butea monosperma is being used in customary medication preparation from the pre historic period. It is acknowledged as the forest’s flame and is often branded as Dhak or Palash. It is described in Upanishads, Susruta Samhita, Vedas, Ashtanga Sangraha, Astanga Hridaya, and Charka Samhita. It belongs to the family of Fabaceae, which has an extensive range of vigorous principles, and it has phytoconstituents such as glycosides, flavonoids, etc.This revisional analysis is focused on the pharmacological actions, mainly shown by seeds, flowers, fruits, barks,leaves, etc., like anti-diabetic, anthelmintic, hepatoprotective, anti-stress, anti-implantation, anti-convulsant, wound healing, giardiasis, anti-oxidant, anti-dopaminergic, anti-microbial, sunscreen, anti-diarrheal, free radical scavenging, anti-filarial, anti-fungal, nephroprotective, protease inhibitor, osteogenic, hemagglutinating, anti-ulcer, giardiasis, anti-asthmatic, anti-inflammatory, anti-fertility and anti-cancer activity. GC-MS analysis of Butea monospermashows the attendance of important compounds which is volatile and HPLC analysis for non-volatile, which supplies light to its medicinal properties. These therapeutic chattels may provide impending active principles with advanced usefulness and the leastafter-effects as equated to accessible artificial drugs
Effect of Cladding Material and Date of Transplanting on Growth and Yield of Greenhouse Broccoli During Winter in High Altitude Ladakh, India
Get PDFBroccoli is a cool-season crop. The optimum temperature for initiation of flowering and head growth is 15-20°C. Due to subfreezing temperatures at night, the crop is not traditionally cultivated in winter in the high-altitude Ladakh region. We found that growing broccoli in a passive solar greenhouse in winter is feasible. The choice of greenhouse cladding material and the date of transplanting are important factors that need to be considered. The mean marketable head weight of the cv. Fiesta and KTS-1 in a passive solar trench greenhouse with polycarbonate cladding material transplanted on 8 September were 403±106 and 169±100 g, respectively. Delayed transplanting on 8 October did not produce any marketable head. Covering the greenhouse with a polyethylene sheet did not result in marketable heads on both transplanting dates. We anticipate our study to be a starting point for researchers and the farming community to optimize the greenhouse production of broccoli during freezing winter-months in high-altitude regions
Changes in the Quality Attributes of Edible Vegetable Oils During Deep Frying Concerning Defence Ration
Get PDFDeep fat frying is a popular cooking method that can significantly alter the physico-chemical properties of edible oils. This unit operation is very common both in civil as well as institutional level training, recreational and feeding centres owing to the high liking of fried products among all age groups. Frying is a high-temperature process where food material is normally exposed to longer periods depending upon its moisture content and results in the desirable colour, aroma and taste that is most acceptable to the consumers. But the quality of oil changes each after the frying cycle and leads to the onset of various physicochemical changes resulting in the accumulation of toxic compounds that may pose potential health risks. Various edible oils from plant sources have varied stability against high-temperature exposure, hence, the selection of appropriate edible vegetable oils for deep frying is critical to ensure its safety during repeated use. The current article summarizes the available literature on the changes in quality attributes of edible vegetable oils during deep frying along with the mechanisms of oil degradation, including oxidation and hydrolysis, formation of trans fats, and major concerns during deep frying. This also covers various methods of assessing the quality of frying oils, inclusive of measurement of free fatty acids, peroxide value, polar compounds, and oxidative stability. The impact of deep frying on the nutritional value of edible vegetable oils, such as changes in fatty acid composition, effects of different frying conditions, such as temperature and time, on the quality of the frying oil and the loss of antioxidant compounds is also discussed rationally The facts and finding covered under present manuscript will be useful to food manufacturers and consumers in selecting appropriate edible vegetable oils for deep frying, maintaining the desired food quality, and ensuring the safety of various edible oils and their blends concerning both civil and the Defence supplies
The Epigallocatechin Gallate Pharmacological Benefits and Bioavailability A Review
No full textThe compound Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) a catechin is a major polyphenol found in green tea. This polyphenolic compound is linked with several health benefits. The potential health benefits include antioxidant effects, cancer chemoprevention, improving cardiovascular health, aiding in weight loss, and protecting from skin damage caused by ionizing radiation, and others. It is prone to decreased stability, lower bioavailability, and lower absorption rate due to various environmental, processing, formulation, and gastrointestinal circumstances of the human body, and is being extensively researched for improvement in functional meals. Enhanced thermogenesis (heat production), enhanced fat oxidation, greater muscular glucose absorption, decreased hepatic fat content, and increased faecal fat excretion are further advantages. The purpose of this review is to highlight the pharmacological benefits of Epigallocatechin-3-gallate and to express the potential of EGCG and the necessity of further research on this therapeutic compound to expand its use in various food industries
