Defence Life Science Journal
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External Factors Affecting Gastrointestinal Barrier and Mucosal Immunity at High Altitude
Get PDFHigh altitude regions above 2,700 meters pose unique physiological challenges to travellers, including hypoxia caused by decreased oxygen levels. Gastrointestinal issues such as nausea, vomiting, and anorexia are common in high altitude sojourners. The gastrointestinal barrier is composed of epithelial cells connected with tight junctions, desmosomes, and covered with a thick layer of mucous. The mucosal and immunological barriers work together to regulate intestinal homeostasis and prevent harmful pathogens from entering the system. Any damage to the gastrointestinal barrier can lead to an increase in permeability which can cause harmful microbial toxins and unwanted substances to enter the bloodstream, triggering an inflammatory response. External factors such as hypoxia and intense physical workouts at high altitude can disrupt the barrier and lead to inflammation and microbial dysbiosis, which changes the normal population of gut microbiota and can cause gastrointestinal discomfort. This review aims to examine the effects of these external factors on the gastrointestinal barrier and highlights the importance of therapeutic and dietary interventions to manage high altitude induced mucosal barrier dysfunction and restore immunological homeostasis of the gut
Development of New Screening Methods for SARS CoV 2 and its Associated Developing Variations
Get PDFAs new and changing SARS-CoV-2 variants are discovered, there is an increasing demand for more adaptable diagnostic tools capable of detecting SARS-CoV-2 infections. The wide range of symptoms experienced by infected individuals and unexpected variants make it more challenging than ever to create quick and accurate diagnostic tools. Pharmaceutical treatments and vaccinations are continually designed to strengthen the immune function and successfully combat SARS-CoV-2 and its variations. The discovery of new SARS-CoV-2 mutations and variants, along with the advancement of diagnostic methods that make it possible to identify them, have brought up a number of urgent issues that are covered in this review from a completely fresh perspective. Additionally, we go over the creation, composition, operating principles, benefits, and downsides of some of the most popular vaccinations and therapeutic medications, as well as the ensuing immunological influence
Impact of Vaginal Microbiota on Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia, Human Papillomavirus Infection, and Cervical Cancer Prevention
Get PDFCervical cancer ranks as the fourth most prevalent cancer among women globally, with human papilloma virus (HPV) infection and other vaginal infections playing crucial roles in cervical lesion progression. While the body’s immune system can often combat HPV infections, conventional cervical cancer treatments may have cytotoxic effects. Therefore, prioritizing strategies to either decrease HPV infection rates or mitigate existing cervical cancer severity is vital. Certain Lactobacillus strains, prominent in the vaginal microbial community, contribute to vaginal epithelium protection by inhibiting pathogen colonization and producing antibacterial substances like bacteriocins. This review explores how cervicovaginal microbiota, particularly dominated by Lactobacillus species, can lower HPV infection risk, and impede cervical cancer progression. Emphasizing the probiotic impact, the article delves into the potential of vaginal lactobacilli and bacteriocin-producing strains against cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cervical cancer, highlighting underlying mechanisms. A healthy vaginal microbiota emerges as pivotal in averting diverse genital tract infections, preventing cervical lesions, and ultimately reducing the risk of cervical cancer
In Vitro Antibiotic Potential and Antioxidant Activity of Ethanol and Acetone Excerpts of Sesbania grandiflora (L.) Pres. (Agastya) Bark
No full textSesbania grandiflora........
Understanding Farmers Problem and Training Needs on Apricot Production in Trans Himalayan Ladakh, India
Get PDFA survey was conducted among 500 apricot growers in Ladakh to identify constraints faced in their production system and their grassroots training needs.Of the growers surveyed, 47.8 % of respondents were having less than 20 apricot trees. Most (53.8 %) grew apricots for drying, 31.2 % for fresh consumption, and 15 % for kernel oil. A significantly high number of respondents(44.8 %) reported 11-30 % fruit wastage, while 31.4 % reported 31-50 % fruit wastage. Lack of marketing opportunities and harvesting tools were cited as the main reasons for fruit wastage. The growers do not follow the standard growing practices, and the knowledge about insect pests and diseases is poor in the region. The most significant constraints in apricot production were lack of appropriate fruit drying technology, followed by high insect pest infestation, lack of marketing opportunities, lack of fencing around the field, insufficient water for irrigation purposes, and non-availability of nursery plants. Growers were open to a wide variety of sources of information on apricot production, with the most commonly selected response being friends/ relatives (53.2 %), followed by television (22.4 %), training and awareness camps (15.8 %), and radio (3.6%). The findings will help researchers, extension personnel, administrators, and policymakers to bring reforms to the apricot industry
A Solitary Plexiform Neurofibroma Mimicking Parotid Tumor: A Rare Case Report
Get PDFOur case report describes an uncommon occurrence of a solitary plexiform neurofibroma in the salivary gland, which is generally associated with neurofibromatosis-1 (NF-1) but, in this case, arose independently. A 6-year-old girl presented with a painless, progressively enlarging mass in the right parotid region over a span of five years. Histopathological analysis revealed a variety of cellular elements, such as Schwann cells, perineurial cells, axons, and fibroblasts, with S100 immunohistochemistry confirming the diagnosis. This case highlights the importance of identifying solitary plexiform neurofibromas in the salivary gland, even without NF-1, and stresses the need for prompt diagnosis and treatment for optimal management
Genetic Enhancement of Plant Secondary Metabolites Recent Developments and Future Perspectives
Get PDFPlant secondary metabolites (PSMs) are convenient intrinsic products synthesized through secondary metabolism in plants influenced by other environmental stressors and bio-geo-chemical factors. Various biotechnological techniques such as hairy root culture, ploidy engineering, genome editing, RNA interference, etc. are available for increased production of diverse secondary metabolites in plants having hitherto known medicinal properties. Plant tissue culture is useful for conservation, micro-propagation, and overproduction of medicinal plants. It also provides the primary platform for biotechnology-based breeding methods (BBBMs). Targeted genome editing has become a promising BBBM that can produce custom-tailored medicinal plants with desirable secondary metabolites. Here, we discuss the recent developments of BBBMs to increase the concentration of desired metabolites in important medicinal crops and the prospects of various genetic enhancement techniques. We also shed light on the recent progress in the genetic enhancement methods, their execution, industrial aspects, and international and national regulations for genetic manipulation to develop high-value crops for overall economic growth and sustainable utilization of hitherto explored bioresources. We pointed out the pitfalls and challenges in genetic modification of crops, success stories of genetic enhancement of PSMs, and future perspectives. Several techniques like endogenous target mimics (eTMs), CRISPR/Cas, PTC-based methods, NGS, and bioinformatics-based methods were tested for increased production rate and quality of various PSMs. Utilization of these techniques in combination may provide higher efficiency to develop genetically improved crops and enhance the production of PSMs for industrial scale and human health promotion
Characterization and Serum Protein Profile of Rheumatoid Arthritis Subjects of Western Region of Mumbai
Get PDFRheumatoid Arthritis (RA) a degenerative, inflammatory autoimmune disorder if undiagnosed can lead to mortality and morbidity. The diagnosis of RA is based on the scoring criteria of the 2010 ACR/EULAR classification for serological and acute-phase reactant measurements. Post-translational modifications of proteins are one of the reasons for RA. So far Synovial fluid-based proteomic studies have been done for protein characterization and studies on serum or urine samples to assess RA association proteins were minimal. Thus, the current study aimed to compare the serum samples of healthy and affected subjects using Orbitrap LC-MS and gene Ontology, Reactome & KEGG pathways to develop a profile. A study of 500 symptomatic patients was screened and found 46.6 % positivity of which 85 % were women & 15 % were men. A comparison of proteins between normal and affected individuals showed 27 differentially expressed proteins (DEP). A detailed study of protein functions and pathways using gene ontology was conducted. The studies indicated the 7 down-regulated proteins (Apolipoprotein B (112), Complement C3(89), CDNA FLJ75416 (30), Apolipoprotein A-I (24), Apolipoprotein A-IV (22), Complement C5(21), Prothrombin (14), and Heparin cofactor 2) may have good impact to initiate the Rheumatism associated Arthritis. Further studies on these proteins may help in their use for diagnostic purposes