Defence Life Science Journal
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In vitro Antidiabetic and Antioxidant Potential of Annona reticulata L. Leaves
Get PDFAnnona reticulata L. leaf decoction has ethnopharmacological relevance as it is administered orally with cow’s milk to treat diabetes in west Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh, India. The prime objective of the study was to evaluate the antidiabetic and antioxidant capacity of Annona reticulata L. leaf extract in various solvents. Ethanol, methanol, acetone, DMSO, and aqueous extract were prepared by cold extraction method. Antidiabetic and antioxidant activity was evaluated by invitro glucose uptake activity by yeast cells, alpha-amylase inhibition assay, alpha-glucosidase inhibition assay, DPPH free radical scavenging assay, and CUPRAC antioxidant activity. In the yeast glucose uptake assay, the glucose uptake % ranges from 57.52±0.11(15 mM glucose) to 71.74±0.11 (5 mM glucose). The glucose uptake percent increased with increasing extract concentration (1-5 mg/ml), whereas it decreased with increasing glucose concentration (5 mM, 10 mM, and 15 mM). The ethanol extract demonstrated the highest α-amylase inhibitory activity, as indicated by the IC50 value of 41.64±1.43 μg/ml, and methanol extract exhibited the highest α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 18.26±0.03 μg/ml. In the DPPH antioxidant assay, the acetone extract has displayed the highest level of free radical scavenging activity at 20 μg/ml (64.12%) with an IC50 value of 16.58±0.07 μg/ml. Annona reticulata L. leaf extract possesses significant antidiabetic and antioxidant characteristic as evidenced by in vitro antidiabetic assay, DPPH, and CUPRAC antioxidant assay. The results of the study support the ethnopharmacological use of the plant for the treatment of diabetes
An Overview on Types, Production and Therapeutic Potential of Vinegar
Get PDFA well-known natural food item, vinegar is produced by fermenting meals high in carbohydrates with alcohol first, then with acetic acid. It consists of about 5-20% of acetic acid, prepared by fermentation of alcohol with the help of Acetobacter species. Acetic acid (CH3COOH) is present in water in a concentration of close to 5% in vinegar. It is thought to be an excellent source of several bioactive substances, including as tryptophol, ligustrazine, organic acids, melanoidins and polyphenols. The array of mechanisations used in the manufacturing of vinegar includes the use of wooden carks, the traditional Orlean process, and the generator technique for submerged fermentation. These bioactive compounds in vinegar are thought to be the cause of its pharmacological and metabolic advantages. The primary ingredient in vinegar is acetic acid, which has a strong, sour flavour and aroma and is somewhat volatile. There are numerous varieties of vinegar available worldwide. There are several varieties of vinegar available around the world, including black, rice, grain, balsamic and fruit vinegar. Vinegar has traditionally been used in applications for food preservation. Furthermore, it is extensively utilised in the food sector as a spice and food preservative, as well as in the United States for pickling fruits and vegetables and as a component of condiments like mayonnaise and salad dressings. In the past, people have used vinegar as a medicine to treat oedema disorders, burns, wounds, and stomach aches. It is among the most well-known traditional remedies for treating infections. According to a number of studies, vinegar may help treat microbiological infections, cancer, diabetes, heart disease, and obesity.Also, it is used to treat injuries and acts as an antioxidant as well. This review aims to highlight the health advantages of vinegar consumption for a person’s physiological well-being
The Genetic Variability Studies on Induced Mutants in Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea L.)Analysis of Component Characters for Better Yield
No full textThe study aimed to develop elite mutants of Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea L.) with improved seed yield by studying the correlarion of various morphological characters with seed yield. Low erucic acid varieties of Indian Mustard (PM21 and PM30) were irradiated with different doses of gamma rays (1000 Gy, 1200 Gy & 1500 Gy) and also treated in combination with different concentration of chemical mutagen EMS (0.25 %, 0.50 % & 0.75 %) to induce the genetic variability. The stable true breeding lines were evaluated for the heritability, genetic variability, genetic advance & correlation studies for 8 different parameters. The ANOVA confirms the existence of significant amount of genetic diversity in mutant genotypes. The primary, secondary & tertiary branches, total siliqua and seed yield of the selected superior mutants possessed higher values of GCV while the phenotypic coefficient of variation was found to be moderate for all of the characters. A significant positive correlation exists between primary, secondary & tertiary branches & total siliqua of a plant. The value of heritability ranged between 0-0.6 (h2) for various parameters; seed number per silique being the most genetically variant among the traits studied. Seed yield is positively correlated with seed number per siliqua, primary & secondary branches which indicates that selection of these traits could improve seed yield. Mutation breeding is used to broaden the genetic variability in the germplasm. Novel mutants with high seed yield were isolated. The identification of component characters which have positive or negative association with seed yield has helped in designing of a breeding program to produce stable true breeding lines in Indian Mustard with high seed yield
 
Metabolomics Unraveling the Biochemical Insight of High Altitude Diseases and Sepsis A Narrative Review
Get PDFHigh altitude diseases and sepsis may seem distinct at first glance, but there are underlying physiological similarities that lie in their responses to hypoxia, tissue dysfunction, inflammation, and multi-organ failure conditions. Understanding these commonalities can help medical professionals draw parallels between them and apply relevant knowledge to improve patient care and treatment.In this direction,a literature review of metabolomics-based studies has been done for high-altitude diseases and sepsis, and the panel of common disease-related metabolic markers and associated pathways areunraveled. Themetabolic pathways found dysregulated in both conditions are amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, energy metabolism, inflammatory response-related metabolism, bile acid metabolism, and purine and pyrimidine metabolism
Effect of Coloured Plastic Mulches on Yield and Quality of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) in Central Himalayan Region
Get PDFPlastic mulches are used nowadays to significantly increase crop yield due to ease of use, transportation, and storability. The main objective and aim of this investigation is to examine the role of colored plastic mulch on growth, quality, and yield attributing traits of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) in the central Himalayan region. The field experiment contained mulches in red, black, yellow, silver, and a no mulch control from Oct 2019 to Feb 2020. Red plastic mulch improved growth, yield, and quality attributing characters compared to other mulches and control. Red mulched treatment maintained better soil moisture and better soil temperature (up to 6 °C) compared to control and other colored mulches. The yield of tomatoes ranged from 13.49 to 20.27 kg.m-2 with the maximum under red plastic mulch. A yield increase of 29.72 to 50.25 % was achieved using mulch as compared to control. The plant growth, quality, and flowering attributing traits also exhibited superiority under mulching over control with red mulch showing the best effect. Tomato fruits harvested from red mulch treatment exhibited the highest value of quality parameters such as TSS (5.20 °B), lycopene content (5.59 mg/100g), ascorbic acid content (16.86 mg/100g), and carotenoid content (3.51 mg/g FW).
 
The Role of Mindfulness on The Relationship Between Personality Factors and Cognitive Failures: A Mediation Study
Get PDFCognitive failures such as minor lapses in perception, memory and action are common in daily life. Several factors including personality and mindfulness are instrumental in bringing about individual differences in cognitive failures. Personality factors might be indicative of these slips. The present research aims at exploring the association between personality factors and cognitive failures, and the mediating role of mindfulness. The sample consisted of 419 participants between the age range of 18 to 74years (M= 29.06 years, SD = 12.55) and were assessed on personality factors, cognitive failures and mindfulness. Findings from hierarchical regression analysis suggest that the personality factors and mindfulness account for 29.2 % of variance in cognitive failures. On the other hand, mediation analysis of mindfulness on the relationship between personality factors and cognitive failures suggest that mindfulness is a partial mediator for the relationship between extraversion and cognitive failures; and a complete mediator for the relationship between neuroticism and cognitive failures. This study has attempted to further the understanding of the interactions between personality traits and mindfulness, and their consequent impact on cognitive failures in the adult Indian population
Ability of Machine Learning and Deep Learning Models for Multiclass Classification of Kidney Stone and Lung Cancer from Computed Tomography Images: A Comparative Study
Get PDFFeature extraction is crucial in biomedical image classification because it determines the accuracy of image representations and significantly impacts the effectiveness of classification models. Deep neural network classification architectures have gained significant interest due to their ability to automatically extract important features from input images, resulting in significant progress in diverse image classification tasks in recent years. However, with the rise of deep learning techniques, traditional machine learning approaches have been largely overshadowed. This study aims to close this gap by undertaking a rigorous comparative analysis of three important machine learning models, namely Gaussian Naïve Bayes, Support Vector Machine, and Random Forest Classifier, and three advanced deep learning models, namely VGG16, InceptionV3, and Xception. The comparison is based on their ability to do multiclass classification, using two datasets kidney stone and lung cancer. Each dataset consists of four different target classes. Both machine learning and deep learning frameworks are trained separately on the datasets, with deep learning models utilizing transfer learning techniques. The performance of each model across the varied output classes is assessed using evaluation measures such as precision, recall, and F1 scores. The results of the simulation analysis reveal that both machine learning and deep learning models perform equally well, as indicated by similar F1 scores across all output classes for both datasets. This study represents a major step towards simplifying classification efforts by promoting the use of machine learning models instead of deep learning models for classifying kidney stone and lung cancer datasets. This approach helps reduce the workload and computing requirements for training
Harnessing Plants for Ciprofloxacin Pollution: A Green Approach
Get PDFAntibiotic pollution is a major environmental risk that is contributing to the emergence of antibiotic resistance and threatening public health. This review addresses the sources of antibiotic contamination, focusing on ciprofloxacin, a commonly used human & veterinary antibiotic. Some of the main sources are pharmaceutical manufacturing, agricultural runoff, hospital discharges, and improper medication disposal, which lead to a significant cause of increase in environmental antibiotic levels. Ciprofloxacin has been found in various environmental matrices, such as soil, water, and sediments, with concentrations varying at both Indian and global levels. The review discusses phytoremediation as an effective, green approach for eliminating antibiotics from the environment. Various plant species have shown the capacity to absorb and degrade ciprofloxacin, decreasing the amount of the antibiotic in the surrounding environment. The goal of this review is to evaluate phytoremediation as a potential mitigation method for ciprofloxacin pollution and to comprehend the extent of this pollution
Comparative effect of FYM and Azotobacter on morphology and nutritional quality of high and low altitude grown knol khol (Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes L.) cultivar White Vienna
Get PDFExtreme environmental conditions of high altitude (HA) expose the food crops to abiotic stresses that may impact their growth and nutritional composition, which also varies depending on agricultural practices being used. Therefore, the present study is designed to a compare the efficacy of organic agri-treatments viz. farm yard manure (FYM) and Azotobacter on morphological and nutritional traits of knol-khol cultivar White Vienna grown at HA and low altitude (LA). The field trial was conducted as a two-factorial experiment in a randomized block design. The first factor was treatments (T1-FYM, T2-Azotobacter, T3-FYM+Azotobacter and T4-(control) and second factor was cultivation locations (HA vs. LA). The findings revealed that the application of treatment T3 at HA resulted in higher total soluble solids (1.38-fold), titratable acidity (0.06-fold), total carbohydrate (1.9-fold), crude protein (3.7-fold), crude fat (3-fold) and dietary fiber content (78-fold) whereas, yield (137.6-fold) and ash content (0.85-fold) content were found higher at LA. The current study emphasizes upon the superior efficiency of combination treatment of FYM and Azotobacter at HA to improve the nutritional quality of food crops, with added benefits of environmental sustainability and nutritional security