Defence Life Science Journal
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Emerging Evidence for Association of Transsulfuration Pathway with Hypoxia Responses
Get PDFWhen people ascend to a high altitude (HA), the body’s oxygen (O2) sensing mechanisms can sense perturbation in partial pressure and trigger adaptive responses. Rapid ascending to HA without ample time for acclimatization culminates in high-altitude illnesses, which can derail the body functioning of lowlanders moving to HA. High-altitude native populations have undergone positive natural selection to efficiently overcome the challenges of chronic hypobaric hypoxia (HH) and thus offer a unique model to understand physiological and genetic adaptations at high altitudes. In addition, evolutionary shreds of evidence propose that sulfur belonging to the same periodic table family can mimic oxygen to bypass its metabolic oxygen demand and modulate energy production.Intriguingly, our group has identified a strong association between diminished hydrogen sulfide (H2S)levels and HH-induced pathological responses. We have recently presented experimental evidence of cysteine deficit, which functionally regulates both lowered levels of endogenous H2S and HH-induced neuropathological responses. In this review, we sought to understand the role of H2S and the transsulfuration pathway at HA
Food Production in Ergonomically Designed Unit with Low Energy Consuming Thick Film Hot Plate
Get PDFThe Trans-Himalayan region of Ladakh is a cold desert where the temperature drops as low as -45°C, which makes the cultivation of fresh food almost impossible. The region is strategically very important as it borders two countries China and Pakistan. The unavailability of fresh food causes nutritional deficiency in the deployed troops and locals, affecting their performance. Cultivation of fresh food is very difficult due to the average low temperature and mountainous soil of the region. Transportation of fresh food to such forward locations causes decaying of nutrition besides the difficulty of reaching such snow-bound mountainous locations. Nutritious micro-greens grown in media under controlled conditions look perfect solutions for meeting nutritional requirements. The present study focuses on year-round cultivation of nutritious micro-green (2-3 times more nutritious than mature counterparts) with low energy consuming thick-film hot plate for necessary temperature maintenance in properly designed portable structures to reduce dependency on packaged food which are the causes of many diseases. The study involves the development of a thick film energy-efficient micro-climate maintenance technology-based system for the maintenance of temperature along with phase-wise development of suitable cultivation structure and standardization of the number of such plates and sizing of the portable unit.These hotplates produce heat based on the principle of Joule heating or resistive heating and the power of a hotplate is equal to I2R. The hotplates are capable of raising the surface temperature to 90°C –100°C at the expense of only 8W power consumption and maintenance of average temperature in the range of 18°C to 20°C at -25°C to -40°C outside ambient temperature.
The region receives the highest solar irradiance along with annual average of 7-8 hours of sunshine duration and hence a solar-based technology can fulfill the energy supply of 8W with ease.The study revealed that a suitable temperature can be maintained for growing variety of nutritious micro-green in a triple layer-based multitier structure integrated with low energy consuming (~8 W), small (50.8 mm (x) 50.8 mm), efficient, and lightweight thick film technology.Thick-film hot plate integrated standardized unit is capable of producing an average of 1000grams/trial/unit in a short period of 8-12 days during the winter period of 6-8 months for the targeted supply of 8-10grams/person/day with total energy consumption of approximately 20-25Kw/trial at ~3350 m to ~5400 m Altitude
Quality of Life and Depression in Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder and Premenstrual Syndrome Among College Students
Get PDFThe symptoms before a woman’s period, Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) and Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) involve physical and emotional aspects. PMS and PMDD differ in symptom severity. Thus, the psychological effects are considerable and affect the individual’s physical state. The present study aims to investigate the quality of life and depression among college students with PMS and PMDD. Forty clinically diagnosed females with Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder and 40 females with Premenstrual syndromes were sampled through purposive sampling method, the age range of 16 to 21 (Mean age 18.37, SD 1.63) years from Kapurthala, Punjab. WHO Quality of Life -BREF Hindi and Beck Depression Inventory-II were individually administered to both groups. The statistical analysis of descriptive and t-tests revealed that premenstrual dysphoric disorder exhibits a significantly low level of quality of life as compared to premenstrual syndrome. Premenstrual dysphoric disorder revealed significantly higher levels of depression as compared to premenstrual syndrome. The significant finding of the study is that adolescents with Premenstrual dysphoric disorder suffer from poor quality of life and Well-being. Study supporting female adolescents, especially those with severe Premenstrual dysphoric disorder, can enhance their quality of life and well-being through counseling, education, and lifestyle changes
A Proteins of ANL Family FACLs and FAALs, Next Anti TB Drug Targets.
No full textThe adenylating enzymes (AEs) of the ANL family contribute to the lipid synthesis process in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). FAALs (Fatty Acyl-AMP Ligase) and FACLs (Fatty Acyl-CoA Ligase) are members of the ANL enzyme family and are closely associated with the metabolism of mycobacterial lipids responsible for successful infections. Therefore, given their role in both biosynthesis and breakdown processes within fatty acid metabolism, these two groups of proteins might be potential drug targets. The growing abundance of structural, biochemical, and genetic information on mycobacterial FAAL and FACL enzymes could provide a solid foundation for the creation of next-generation anti-tuberculosis drugs, via rational drug designing.  
Evaluation Potential of Strobilanthes Auriculata var. Dyeriana (Mast.) J.R.I. Wood as an Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Agent
Get PDFStrobilanthes belongs to the Acanthaceae family and possesses various medicinal qualities, including wound healing, antioxidant, antibacterial, antidiabetic, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory effects. One species in this genus, Strobilanthes auriculata var. dyeriana, is a popular ornamental plant that has long been used as a diuretic to alleviate rheumatism. While few are recognised, this species likely has many more benefits. This study examined the phytochemical composition, phenolic content, anthocyanin content, and antibacterial and antioxidant qualities of S. auriculata var. dyeriana leaf extract. Finding no anthocyanin, we discovered that the leaves of this species contained phenolic compounds (82.9±0.86 μg/100μg). Furthermore, vigorous antioxidant activity (IC50 96.17 ppm) and growth-inhibiting action against Salmonella typhimurium are provided by high phenolic content. According to this study, the leaf of S. auriculata var. dyeriana may act as a potential antibacterial and antioxidant agent
Poly-Herbal Extract: A Promising Approach for Mitigating Gastric Ulcers in Rat Models
Get PDFA prevalent condition that affects humans is stomach ulcers. The constraints and rapid expansion of civilization, particularly a stressful lifestyle, are contributing to an increase in the occurrence of ulcers. New synthetic pharmaceuticals and herbal drugs must fulfil global quality, safety, and efficacy criteria as Western medicine progresses. The stomach mucosa breaks down into gastric ulcers, which have a diameter greater than 5 mm and extend into the muscularis mucosa. Changes in the stomach’s defence mechanisms may alter the gastric mucosa, resulting in erosion and ultimately ulceration. This study aims to explore the potential of tamarind seed and aloe vera extracts in mitigating gastric ulcers, presenting a natural alternative to NSAID-induced ulcer treatment. The herbal extract’s effectiveness in reducing oxidative stress and gastric mucosal damage was assessed in comparison to omeprazole. The anti-ulcer activity was assessed using approximated biochemical parameters, and in a dose-dependent manner, the outcomes were statistically noteworthy in contrast to the rats in the ulcer group
Potential Candidate Molecules of Past and Present for Combating High Altitude Hypoxia Induced Maladies
Get PDFHypobaric hypoxia occurs at high altitudes where barometric pressure is low causing insufficient supply of oxygen leading to many high-altitude illnesses like acute mountain sickness (AMS), high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE), high altitude cerebral edema (HACE) etc.Medications have been applied to treat and prevent injuries caused by HBH, showing anti-inflammatory, anti-edemagenic, and antioxidant properties. AMS symptoms, such as headache, nausea, weariness, usually go away in 1-2 days. HACE causes brain swelling, elevated intracranial pressure, resulting in confusion, stupor, ataxia, and death.Acetazolamide, dexamethasone, nifedipine are the drugs used for treatment acting oncarbonic anhydrase enzyme, calcium channels.Acetazolamide increases arterial partial pressure of oxygen.Nifedipine relaxes vascular smooth muscles and increases blood flow. Some drugscause side effects also like dizziness, diuresis, nausea, malaise, etc. Hence, a new drug search is needed to find more targeted and fewer side effects for faster relief and better health at high altitudes
SUMO Sites Prediction in Human Transcription Factors Involved in Hypoxia induced Cardiac Illnesses
Get PDFProtein SUMOylation is a reversible and well knownpost-translational modificationprocess of the cells. It may change a protein\u27s cellular location, interactions, and possible structural shape before it develops to carry out its basic functions.Also, it decides the binding of transcription factors and DNA binding proteins tochromatin in addition to various cis and trans regulatory factors. Alterations in protein SUMOylation have been linked with a variety of disorders and developmental anomalies.Tentative approaches to identify SUMO binding sites are challenging due todynamic nature of the SUMOylation processand various critical lab experimentswhich are involved very high cost.Therefore, the computational methodologies may guide the experimental identification of SUMOylation sites and provide insights for improving comprehensionofSUMOylation mechanism in the cells.In this study, we identify the SUMO binding sites in transcription factors that are actively involved and have crucial roles in cardiac development andpathophysiology of the heart.A list of important transcription factors was preparedfrom thehuman transcription factor database.The GPS-SUMO, SUMO plot, and JASSA web serverswere used for the prediction of SUMO binding sites in cardiac transcription factors.We identified the SUMOylation of several novel, previously uncharacterized SUMO targetsthat are actively involved in thecardiovascular system.Thus, the present study may help to uncoverthe significance ofSUMO modificationin cardiac development and illnesses which creates a fresh avenue for future studies ontarget-specific SUMOylation for identification of novel therapeutic targets andmanagement strategies forhypoxia-induced cardiovascular disorders
Effect of Foliar Micronutrient Application on Phytoconstituents and Mineral Composition of Carrot Grown in Trans-Himalayan Region
Get PDFThe cropping season in trans-Himalayan region of Ladakh is limited to six months. Soil in the region is sandy, coarse textured, pH 7.79±0.2 and deficient in micronutrients. Carrot is one of the major root vegetable crops growing in this region. Therefore, a study investigating the effects of mineral supply on the nutritional quality (phytoconstituents and micronutrients) of carrot roots was undertaken. Maximum values of carotene and total flavonoids were recorded under the foliar application of ZnSO4 @ 0.5 % (T3), which was at par with application of ZnSO4 @ 1.0 % (T4). However, the maximum value of total phenol concentration (6.59±0.34 mg GAE/g DW) was recorded under foliar application of ZnSO4 @ 1.0 % (T4), which was at par with ZnSO4 @ 0.5 % (T3). Zinc and boron application influenced the mineral content of carrots. During plant growth, adding small amounts of zinc and boron to the feeding solutions affected the Cu, Mn and Zn concentration, in roots. Applying different amounts of minerals nutrients has the potential to improve the nutritional value and morpho-physical quality of carrots. This present study will help to understand the utilisation of optimal quantity of micronutrients to improve carrot cultivation in cold desert of Ladakh. Taking into consideration of variables like soil micronutrient deficiencies, this research opens the door to the biofortification of necessary minerals in crops
Microbial L Asparaginases Therapeutic and Industrial Applications
Get PDFL-asparaginase (EC 3.5.1.1) is an enzyme that mostly helps break down asparagine into L-aspartic acid and ammonium in water. This enzyme can be found in many living things, like bacteria, plants, and some animals, like the serum of some rodents. Especially for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia (ALL) and Hodgkin’s lymphoma, it is an important chemotherapeutic drug for treating lymphoproliferative diseases and lymphomas. When L-asparaginase comes in contact with water, it breaks down more easily. At the moment, biotechnological methods using certain microorganisms are mostly used to make L-asparaginase. Still, industrial manufacturing needs a study that focuses on both increasing production yields and coming up with new ways to do things, like using different microbes to make enzymes useful in more situations. This review gives an overview of L-asparaginase’s uses and talks about how it is made by different microbes, as well as its limitations, current research, and issues that need to be fixed before it can be used in industry