Defence Life Science Journal
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Green synthesis of Iron oxide nanoparticles using Lagenaria siceraria and evaluation of its Antimicrobial activity
Get PDFMagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MNPs) with appropriate surface chemistry exhibit many interesting properties that can be exploited in a variety of biomedical applications such as magnetic resonance imaging contrast enhancement, tissue repair, hyperthermia, drug delivery and in cell separation. In this study unexplored Lagenaria siceraria leaves extract was found to be capable in green synthesis of Iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4-NPs) and their characteristics were studied by using UV-visible spectrophotometer, SEM, EDX, XRD, Zeta sizer and FT-IR. Thus synthesized Fe3O4-NPs were naturally stabilized, cubic shaped and in the size range of 30-100 nm. The phytochemicals present in the leaf has a main role as reducing agent that assists to the eco friendly synthesis of Fe3O4-NPs with enhanced antioxidant property. Functional groups present on the NPs are mainly –OH and –COOH (FT-IR) makes it hydrophilic hence NPs does not need any further functional modification for applications. The antimicrobial property of synthesized Fe3O4-NPs was evaluated against Gram negative - Escherchia coli, Gram positive- Staphylococcus aureus, The Zone of inhibition was found to be 10 mm for Escherchia coli, and 8 mm for Staphylococcus aureus. Thus naturally stabilized Fe3O4-NPs with herbal property can be used in various biological applications
In Vitro Antioxidant and Anti-rhizopus Activity of Methanolic Seed Extract of Camelina Sativa L.
Get PDFThe antifungal efficacy of seed extracts (propanol, ethanol, methanol and sterile deionised water) of Camelina sativa cv. Calena (EC643910) against Rhizopus stolonifer was investigated by agar disc diffusion method. Among all extracts, methanolic seed extract (Disc 3) showed significant activity against R. stolonifer. However, no activity was observed against rest of the extracts (Disc 1, 2 and 4). The inhibition zones were ~35 mm for methanolic extract and ~41 mm for standard drug, respectively. The total phenol content was observed 13.5 μmol, 23.3 μmol, 42.9 μmol and 3.4 μmol gDW-1 in propanolic, ethanolic, methanolic and sterile deionised water extracts of Camelina, respectively. Likewise, the ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity was observed highest in methanolic extract that was ~10.2, ~2.4 and ~5.7-folds higher as compared to propanolic, ethanolic and sterile deionised water extracts, respectively. Similarly, guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) activity was also observed highest in methanolic extract as compared to other extracts, which is ~7.3, ~1.9 and ~6.6-folds higher as compared to propanolic, ethanolic and sterile deionised water extracts, respectively. The findings of the study clearly speculate that the possibility of using methanolic seed extract of Camelina as a potential control measure against R. stolonifer, which may be used for the development of future herbal drug formulations
Need for the development of theatre and terrain based food technologies - an appraisal
Get PDFArmed forces have to operate in a variety of challenging environments. Indian Defence forces operates in various theatres of operations including difficult terrains, high altitude, underwater, confined space, air and hot humid environments. Human endurance and survival is extremely challenged under these terrain and climatic conditions. For example, in the case of Ladakh sector, the troops operate above 13,000 feet and areas such as Siachen glacier the operation altitude goes up to 23,000 feet
Health Food for Soldiers
Get PDFOne of the biggest challenges the Indian army has been confronting is maintaining its troops at tough high altitude battle field of more than 18,000 feet. At such high altitude, troops are exposed to inclement weather, perilous altitude, difficult terrain and psychological problems arising out of being isolated from the main land miles away from their near and dear ones. Under such circumstances if an army has to keep its soldiers physically fit and in high morale to fight against the enemy and protect the integrity of the nation, it has to be provided with palatable, healthy and adequate nutritious food. Hence, it is essential to formulate health foods keeping in aid the real need of the soliders to alleviate such situations also. There are hundreds of phytochemicals reported to possess therapeutic effects. The health foods containing these phytochemicals can be classified in to six categories, viz. health promotion - to improve health on a regular basis, sickness prevention - to prevent seasonal climate related problems, disease control - to fight early symptoms of health problems, supporting - to complement the primary treatment and to combat adverse side effects of harsh drugs during sickness, recuperating - to revive and regain vitality after sickness, rejuvenating - to repair damages and body malfunctions to restore healt
Response of Normal Cells Following Multiple Radiation Exposure under Radiotherapy Setting
Get PDFRadiotherapy is an established approach for killing of tumour cells. During the process, most of the normal cells also get affected due to direct exposure or by bystander effects. To measure the damage pattern in healthy cells, a pilot study was designed under radiotherapy settings. Right leg region of Strain ‘A’ male mice was locally exposed to Cobalt60 gamma radiation with a dose of 2 Gy/ day for 5 consecutive days. After completion of each fraction, blood haematology and γH2AX studies were performed at 1 h time point in blood and bone marrow cells. Chromosomal aberration study in bone marrow was carried out at 24 h post irradiation of each fraction for evaluation of DNA damage. γH2AX and chromosomal aberration were found significantly (p<0.001) increased with each consecutive dose upto 4th fractions. Blood hematology showed a linear reduction in total WBC counts which included the reduction in lymphocytes and increased granulocytes with each passing dose up to 4th fraction. However, non significant damage (p>0.05) for all parameters have been observed for 4th and 5th split doses. The study indicated that repeated exposure leads to damage fixation in normal cells, possibly indicating a state of adaptation
Gamma Ray Irradiation for Crop Protection Against Salt Stress
Get PDFLegumes have tremendous dietary value for human nutrition. However, the productivity of food legumes is always compromised owing to their insufficient ability to tolerate abiotic stresses such as drought or water logging, marginal soil, low/high temperatures and salt stress. Stress induces changes at the morphological, physiological, biochemical and molecular level which are consequently manifested in terms of reduced seed yield and quality. Salt stress is one of the most important constraints to crop production particularly in the arid and semi-arid regions of the world. Low dose of ionising radiation like gamma ray is reported to induce growth and several other physiological attributes in non-legume and legume crops. Relationship between seed gamma irradiation and salinity stress response could be related to favourable maintenance of gas exchange attributes (Pn, gs and E), 14C partitioning, activity of antioxidative enzymes (SOD, CAT and POX), membrane stability index (MSI) K+ to Na+ ratio, proline and glycine betaine content. One or more mechanisms may contribute simultaneously towards salt tolerance response of crop plants. The present review critically analyses the effect of gamma ray irradiation on growth and development of legumes under salt stress and evaluates the contribution of various physiological and biochemical mechanisms towards radiation mediated alleviation of salt stress response
A Hypothetical Tool for Integrated Omics, Drugs and Clinical Stem Cell Data Analysis
Get PDFUnderstanding the molecular basis of stem cell (SC) function is essential to regenerate damaged tissue due to various types of injuries and pathologies. However, there are bottlenecks that prevent the use of Stem cell in the treatment of wide range of diseases. Complete information regarding the control of gene expression in Stem cell is necessary to understand the regulation of Stem cell fates such as self-renewal, differentiation, migration/ homing and apoptosis. However, in the absence of multi-functional, single window tool for the analysis of various omics and drugs data related to Stem cell, the knowledge consolidation is missing to fully harness its potential. A tool which can integrate various databases, analysis software and gives a probable solution for Stem cell mediated regeneration of tissues using available therapeutic options would likely to help in reducing morbidity and mortality associated with various pathologies. This subsumes omics based repurposing of drugs for Stem cell guided tissue regeneration, which will be a boon for clinicians to treat various debilitating diseases/ malfunctions
Biosorption of nickel using mixed cultures of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis
Get PDF Biosorption of Ni(II) was investigated in this study using dead biomass of gram positive (Bacillus subtilis) and gram negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa).The effects of pH, initial adsorbent dosage, initial metal ion concentration, contact time and temperature were studied in batch experiment. A contact time of 40 min, pH 5.0 and temperature 30oC were found to be optimum. Nickel removal decreased from 77 to 45% as the concentration increased from 50 to 250 mg/L. The Ni(II) removal increased from 45 to 75% as adsorbent dose increased from 0.25 to 1.5 g/L. The Langmuir and freundlich models for dynamics of metal of metal ion uptake proposed in this work fit the experimental data reasonably well. The adsorption capacity (Qo) calculated from Langmuir isotherm was 89.08 mg for Ni (II).
Three Dimensional Gait Assessment During Walking of Healthy People and Drop Foot Patients
Get PDFThe aim of the present study is to clinical gait analysis of normal human and drop foot patients. Gait analysis is the systematic study of animal locomotion, more specifically the study of human motion, using the eye and the brain of observers, augmented by instrumentation for measuring body movements, body mechanics, and the activity of the muscles. Gait analysis is used to assess, plan, and treat individuals with conditions affecting their ability to walk. Foot drop is a deceptively simple name for a potentially complex problem. It can be defined as a significant weakness of ankle and toe dorsiflexion. The foot and ankle dorsiflexors include the tibialis anterior, the extensor hallucis longus (EHL), and the extensor digitorum longus (EDL). These muscles help the body clear the foot during the swing phase and control plantar flexion of the foot at heel strik
Development of compressed meat based bar using response surface methodology
Get PDFStudies were carried out to optimize the percentage of ingredients for the development of ready to eat mutton bar. Central composite rotatable design of response surface methodology (RSM) was used for designing the experimental combinations. Matrix for compression was designed by selecting factors like mutton powder, binders and applied pressure. Protein percentage, hardness and over all acceptability (OAA) were taken as responses. OAA and hardness showed highly significant and fitted with quadratic model whereas other response i.e. protein levels found to be significant and fitted with linear model. From the design of experiments 45g/100g of mutton powder with 5g/100g binders having an applied pressure of 142 kg/cm2 yielded a bar having a protein percentage of 35g/100g with a hardness of 20.9 N with an overall acceptability score of 8.6 ±0.2 on a 9 point hedonic scale. The product gives energy of 393 kcal per 100 g