Defence Life Science Journal
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Expression of β-defensin gene in potato confers enhanced resistance to Ralstonia Solanacearum L.
Get PDFAn optimized methodology of Agrobacterium-mediated stable genetic transformation of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) using the shoot organogenesis potential of internodal stem segments for increased resistance to bacterial plant pathogen, Ralstonia solanacearum L. was developed. Improvised plant regeneration protocol for expression of antimicrobial β-defensin transgene and efficient selection of tissues in plant selectable marker, kanamycin sulphate was successfully utilized for transformation of potato. Stable integration and expression of antimicrobial peptide was observed in plant tissues and validated by associated molecular analysis by RT PCR, Southern hybridization, northern hybridization and western blotting of the infected tissues. The bacterial wilt disease progression was monitored in controlled greenhouse and Percent Disease Index (PDI) was measured by analysis of variance (ANOVA) that selected superior resistant plants. These transformed plants were able to contain the disease progression and complete the life cycle stages and developed healthy tubers
Radiation Biomarkers : Applications in Triage Management of Radiation Victims
Get PDFHuman exposure to ionizing radiation disrupts normal metabolic processes in cells and organs by inducing complex biological responses that interfere with gene and protein expression. Conventional dosimetry, monitoring of prodromal symptoms and peripheral lymphocyte counts are of limited value as organ- and tissue-specific biomarkers for personnel exposed to radiation, particularly, weeks or months after exposure. Analysis of metabolites generated in known stress-responsive pathways by molecular profiling helps to predict the physiological status of an individual in response to environmental or genetic perturbations. There is a need for research to rapidly determine an individual’s absorbed dose and its potential health effects after a potential radiological or nuclear event that could expose large portions of a population to ionizing radiation. Studies on biomarker identification after radiation exposure could contribute in biodosimetry, identifying individual dose absorbed, as well as biologic response, and administering immediate and proper medical care. In the recent scenario development of biomarker is major thrust area. In the present review paper articles related to gene biomarker, protein biomarker and metabolic biomarker are reviewed in order to sketch an overview on the recent advances related to developing an biomarker to assess the radiation induced toxicity
Excellence is the Real Enemy of Practicality! Relevance to Radiation Countermeasure Development
Get PDFRadiation countermeasures development was undertaken almost six decade ago at AFRRI, USA with the aim to protect military as well as civilian personals against accidental or deliberate radiation exposure. Later on, with the advancement of radiation technologies and exploration of X-ray or γ-rays for diagnostics and therapeutic purposes, probability of radiation exposure was enhanced multifold. Therefore, importance of radiation countermeasures development was recognised globally. However, despite the concentrated efforts, till date not a single FDA approved radio protective drug is available for emergency uses. Major impediments identified in this are included variability in radio protective efficacy with different experimental models, radiation dose rate, radiation types and differential radio sensitivity of various biological systems. No way to evaluate radio protective efficacy of an agent in human volunteers. It is sufficient to realise that uniform excellence may not be achieved in the area of radiation countermeasure development. However, practical excellence based on the radioprotector’s application scenario can be achieved. Different radiation accidental scenarios and feasible practical parameters of excellence for radiation countermeasure development for particular types of incidental, accidental or deliberated radiation exposure are described
Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity, Radical Scavenging, and Reducing Power of Clove Oil and Clove Oleoresin in Comparison with Natural and Synthetic Antioxidants in Chevon (Capra aegagrus hircus) and Chicken Meat
Get PDFThe antioxidant effects of clove oil (CO) and oleoresin (OR) in two species of meat i.e. chicken and chevon during refrigerated storage (4±1°C) were investigated. The antioxidant potential (AOP) and radical scavenging activities were compared with natural (α-Tocopherol & L-ascorbic acid) and synthetic antioxidants (BHA & TBHQ). CO & TBHQ, BHA & OR and L-ascorbic acid and α-Tocopherol produced 84-79%, 68-77% and 68-59% AOP respectively in both species. DPPH and ABTS methods of scavenging assay established better scavenging capability of CO and TBHQ in comparison with other treatments. Significant reduction (p<0.05) in FRAP values was observed in CO & TBHQ in both species of meat. The order of antioxidant potential, scavenging activity and reducing power was in the order of CO>TBHQ>OR>BHA>Tocopherol>L-ascorbic acid. All the antioxidant assays analysed demonstrated a very significant correlation (p<0.05) between each other. The results suggest that CO and OR through their antioxidant effects are potentially useful in preserving meat products
Injury analysis using Anthropomorphic Test Device under vertical shock loads
Get PDFNatural and manmade injuries due to terrorism, military weapon and accidents lead to cutting edge research for engineers and clinicians alike. The study of injury and its mechanism can help in predicting the severity of an injury which in turn shall guide the engineers to design safer structures and medical specialists in treating casualties. This article summarizes the various advancements and technologies available in the field of Injury Analysis. The objective of the study is to quantify the levels of an injury which occurs when an Anthropomorphic Test Device is subjected to a given vertical impact load. As a baseline a half sine shock test simulating the vertical impact was carried out on Hybrid III 50th percentile male dummy and injury analysis was done based on the standards prescribed by NATO TR-HFM-090. In the present test the injury analysis predicts that the injury during the loading is well within 10% probability of an AIS 2 or greater (AIS 2+)
Bio-engineering and Bio-medical Technologies: Role in the Protection of the Protectors
Get PDFEvery country is engaging its armed forces in different terrain and climatic conditions to protectsovereignty and manage internal conflict. During peace / wartime conflicts, the soldiers are subjected toextremeenvironmental conditions. These extreme, hostile, non-habitable conditions exert a toll on the soldiers’ performance and also pose threat to theirlife. Airmen are prone to be exposed to low pressures, high altitude, and hypoxic conditions. Similarly,a Mariner is exposed to high pressuresand hydro environment. Land soldiers are deployed in various terrain having myriadenvironmental conditions such ashigh temperature in deserts, subzero cold conditions in the high mountains andvarying range of difficulties encountered in forested hilly terrain.In addition to these adverse conditions, soldiers also need to counter theconflicts from neighboring / enemy countries. It is paramount that, these soldiers are protected from all these adverse extreme environmental conditions.
Bivalent KDP Peptide to Enhance Neurite Growth for Traumatic Brain Injury: Corrigendum (2021)
Get PDFA silent epidemic of modern world and largely neglected field in drug development is traumatic brain injury. There is no treatment available for the patients suffering from brain trauma. Peptide is a naturally occurring biological alternative that could represent a new generation of future medications. In this study, we have designed and modified the C-terminal amino acids of KDI peptide responsible for neurite growth. The inclusion of a Cys (C), Gly (G), Cys and Pro (P) amino acids in the sequence leads to the possibility of better binding with the target receptor 3T1M as compared to the known KDI sequence for neurite growth. Studies on human SH-SY5Y cells for neurite outgrowth demonstrates that the CGCKDP could plausibly be useful in neuroregeneration in neurodegenerative disorders by neurite growth formation
In-vitro Evaluation of Bis-pyridinium Oximes Connected by Xylene Linkers as Reactivators of DFP-inhibited Electric EEL Acetylcholinesterase
Get PDFBis-pyridinium oximes connected by xylene linkers were synthesised and their in-vitro reactivation efficacy was evaluated for DFP inhibited AChE. The reactivation efficacy data were compared with those of 2-PAM and obidoxime. However, it was observed that none of these oximes were able to surpass the reactivation efficacy of 2-PAM and obidoxime in reactivating DFP inhibited AChE. 2-PAM and obidoxime respectively exhibited52 per cent and 43 per cent reactivation of DFP inhibited AChE, where as the synthesised oximes 3a, 3d, and 3f showed 37 per cent, 30 per cent, and 31 per cent reactivation, respectively within 10 min at 10-3 M
Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya virus in Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes from Northern India
Get PDFChikungunya virus is now recognised as a resurging arbovirus of global public health significance, with their circulation in both new and old world. It is horizontally transmitted among vertebrates by Aedes mosquitoes. So far, the existence of vertical transmission of Chikungunya virus in Aedes vector is riddled with conflicting reports. In this study, presence of Chikungunya virus was detected in adult Aedes aegypti mosquitoes that emerged from field-collected larvae from Gwalior, northern India during 2010. This was further confirmed through nucleotide sequencing that revealed the presence of novel east central south African (ECSA) genotype of Chikungunya virus. This provides molecular evidence for vertical transmission of Chikungunya virus in mosquitoes in nature, which may have important consequences for viral survival during inter-epidemic period and adverse climatic conditions