Defence Life Science Journal
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Integrated Physiology Extreme Environment
Get PDFA successful military operation not only necessitates cutting-edge, contemporary weapon systems but also, fittest men behind these machines. These men, desirably with the highest order of physiological and psychological well-being to operate in the harshest of battle fields shape the battle field dynamics through grit and valour. Defence Institute of Physiology & Allied Sciences (DIPAS, DRDO), a Delhi based DRDO laboratory, has been contributing towards the operational readiness of Indian troops in varied environmental conditions through physiological, biomedical and ergonomic approaches. The translational research in DIPAS has been contributing towards safe induction of troops to high altitude and desert environments, sustenance in extreme environmental conditions and improving soldier performance in demanding operational conditions
Anticancer Activity of Hedychium Coronarium Rhizome Solvent Extracts on Colon Cancer Cells
Get PDFHedychium coronarium J. Koenig. is a rhizomatous herb of family Zingiberaceae. It is well known as white ginger lilly or butterfly lilly. The rhizome has been used to treat rheumatism, as a tonic and to avoid bad breath. The present study aim is to evaluate the anticancer, antioxidant and antibacterial activity of petroleum ether (HCPE) and ethanol (HCAE) extracts of Hedychium coronarium rhizome using in vitro methods. Anticancer activity of the extracts was assessed against human colon cancer cell lines (HCT-116). Antioxidant capacity of the HCPE and HCAE was assessed using phosphomolybdenum, DPPH and hydroxyl radical scavenging methods. In results, both HCPE and HCAE extracts have a good amount of total phenolics and flavonoids content. Ethanol extract showed a higher total antioxidant capacity than petroleum ether extract. Petroleum ether extract strongly reduced DPPH purple color, while ethanol extract significantly inhibited hydroxyl radicals. Cytotoxic study results revealed that, the extracts strongly suppressed HCT-116 cell lines in concentration dependent fashion. ELISA and TUNEL assay results showed that petroleum ether extracts enhanced caspase-3 mediated DNA fragmentation in HCT – 116 cell lines. In conclusion, H. coronarium could be used as a source of plant based antibacterial/antioxidant and anticancer components. Further molecular studies are required to isolate and characterize active principle and to validate its pharmacological properties in in vivo models
Bioactive Endophytic Fungi from Forest Trees A Review
Get PDFThe microscopic creatures known as endophytic fungi live inside the plant without contaminating it or harming it in any way. These may have an impact on the host plants’ distribution, ecology, physiology, and biochemistry. Several scientists studied about the endophytic fungi, their sources, categorisation, biological properties, industrial importance, & therapeutic value. Endophytic fungi are considered as “gold mine” for bioactive compounds having antimicrobial, anti-diabetic, anticancer, antioxidant, and many more medical, industrial & biotechnological applications. They are well studied for their synthesis of secondary metabolites from different sources, these are not only useful for agriculture instead used in the food industry and many of them have therapeutic potential
Relevance of Finite Element Method in Dentistry Finite with Infinite Possibilities
Get PDFThis narrative review gives an insight into the Finite Element Method (FEM) and its principles comprehensible from a dentist’s point of view along with its applications in different specialties of dentistry. FEM is a method for simulating the behavior of a physical system mathematically. For this, a complex structure is broken down into several smaller components (elements) while still retaining its original characteristics. Subsequently, differential equations are used to explain and solve each component. With the advent of FEM, it became easier to comprehend various elements of oral biomechanics. Biomechanical studies designed in partnership with skilled computer engineers and experienced clinicians not only provide a better insight into the mechanisms of stress distribution but also help prepare customized treatment plans that cater to the requirements of individual patients
Method Development and Validation of Metformin and Gliclazide in Tablet dosage form by Micellar Liquid Chromatography
Get PDFMicellar Liquid Chromatography (MLC) has emerged as a promising technique for the analysis of Pharmaceutical compounds due to its versatility, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness. In this experimental research paper, we explore the application of MLC in the simultaneous analysis of two commonly prescribed antidiabetic drugs, Metformin and gliclazide. A combination of these medicines is widely used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus, so accurate quantification of them is essential for efficient therapeutic management. To separate the drug formulation, reversed phase liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) was employed using surfactant solutions above Critical Miceller concentration (CMC). The mobile phase included 0.10M SDS and 10% Propanol-1, with a pH of 3.50 maintained by o-Phosphoric Acid and analysis was done using Deoxyprobe C18 column (4.6 x 150 mm, 5 µm). The separation was carried out at room temperature with a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min, and detection was performed at 228 nm. Gliclazide has a retention time of 4.46 minutes, compared to 5.57 minutes for metformin. The percentage composition of the sample under analysis ranged from 90 to 110 percent in accordance with schedule V of the Drug and Cosmetic Act. The suggested practice met ICH requirements. The method was also low-cost, easy to use, secure, and ecologically benign. It can be used to conduct standard quantitative analyses on pills that include metformin and gliclazide
Comparative Assessment of Acute Toxicity of Sanjivani Vati Prepared With Two Different Species of Aconite Through Fish Embryo Toxicity Test
Get PDFThe presented study deals with evaluating the Acute toxicity of Sanjivani Vati........
Impact of Greenhouse Size on the Growth and Yield of Warm Season Vegetables During the Summer in Ladakh India
Get PDFNo guidelines exist on the size of naturally ventilated passive solar greenhouses in mountain regions, especially above 10,000 feet above mean sea level (AMSL). Two different-sized greenhouses in Ladakh were studied, and it was figured out that a large greenhouse (60 feet in length, 24 feet in width, 9 feet 6 inches in height) was better than a small greenhouse (32 feet in length, 18 feet width, 9 feet 6 inches height) for growing cucumber, capsicum, and brinjal in summer. The mean maximum and minimum temperature of the large greenhouse was 3.6±4.1°C and 1.3±1.6°C warmer in comparison to the small greenhouse. Cucumber was harvested seven days earlier, while capsicum and brinjal were harvested 17 days earlier in the large greenhouse. The marketable fruit numbers in cucumber, capsicum, and brinjal were 50.5 %, 46.9 %, and 67.7 % higher in the large greenhouse. The average marketable fruit yield of cucumber, capsicum and brinjal was 112 %, 55 % and 71.4 % higher in the large greenhouse than in the small greenhouse. Hence, large greenhouses are suggested for high-altitude Ladakh regions for growing warm-season crops in summer
DUNET Dilated UNET for Brain Tumor Sub Region Segmentation using MRI Images
Get PDFThe precise diagnosis and treatment planning of brain tumors significantly rely on the accurate segmentation of sub-regions from Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) data. In this research, we propose a framework, D-UNET (Dilated-UNET), which enhances the traditional UNET architecture by incorporating dilated convolutions. UNET is the deep CNN architecture widely adopted for biomedical image segmentation tasks. D-UNET is specifically designed for brain tumor sub-region segmentation from multi-modal (T1, T2, T1ce, Flair) MRI images in nifti file format, each comprising 155 slices. The framework comprises of four distinct steps viz. data collection, data preprocessing, model training, and outcome evaluation. D-UNET employs two key modules during training, the dilated encoding module and the dilated decoding module. These modules enable the model to efficiently capture multi-scale contextual information, facilitating better representation learning for complex and varied tumor sub[1]regions. We evaluated the performance of D-UNET using Intersection over Union and Dice Coefficient metrics. The experimental results demonstrate that D-UNET outperforms the traditional UNET and other benchmark models in terms of segmentation accuracy. Notably, D-UNET excels in capturing finer details and intricate shapes of tumor sub-regions, contributing to its superiority in brain tumor segmentation. The ability to precisely delineate tumor sub-regions from different modalities provides crucial insights for medical professionals in treatment planning and decision-making
Cold Injury Prevention and Management in High Altitude Extreme Environments Pharmacological and Therapeutical Interventions
Get PDFCold injury refers to local or systemic body response that occurs due to massive loss of body heat when the body is exposed to extremely cold temperatures. The current modalities for the prevention and management of cold injury(ies) are very limited due to the paucity of availability of targeted therapeutics. Pathophysiological cascades in cold injury include: (a) desensitization of sensory neurons can be manifest as a result of altered pathophysiological functions viz., Ca2+ imaging, calcitonin gene-related peptide release, expressions of inflammatory mediators (PGE2: prostaglandin E2, NGF: nerve growth factors), (b) inflammatory markers viz.; interleukins (IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and CD62E/endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecule 1 (E-selectin); (c) oxidative stress markers associated with cold injury measured through serum level of protein carbonyl, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE), superoxide dismutase (SODs), advanced oxidative protein products (AOPP) and nitrotyrosine; (d) endothelial damage: nitric oxide (NO), prostacyclin (PGI2), reactive oxygen species (ROS), Von-Willebrand factor (VWF), CD31/PECAM-1 (platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1), CD36/SR-B3 (scavenger receptor class B member 3) and tissue-type plasminogen activator (TTPA). In this review paper, we elaborate on the current state-of-the-art pharmacological interventions for cold injury that may be beneficial in developing novel and targeted therapeutics for the prevention, management, and treatment of cold injury
Differential Biochemical Content and Free Radical Scavenging Potency of Three Solvent Extracts of Porodaedalea pini
Get PDFPorodaedalea pini, a non-edible mushroom, is a notable source of bioactive compounds with traditional medicinal uses. Solvent selection is crucial in research and development of natural products. This study examined how solvent polarity affects the biochemical composition and antioxidant properties of P. pini. Crude extracts were prepared from whole mushrooms using chloroform, methanol, and ethyl acetate through cold extraction. Total carbohydrate, flavonoid, and phenolic contents were measured, and free-radical scavenging activities against DPPH and superoxide anion were assessed by employing standard protocols. Methanolic extracts yielded significantly more than ethyl acetate (p<0.05) and chloroform (p<0.001) extracts, showing higher levels of carbohydrates, proteins, flavonoids, and phenolics (p<0.001). All extracts displayed notable free-radical scavenging activity, with methanol being the most potent, followed by ethyl acetate and chloroform. Thus, solvent polarity greatly affects the biochemical constituents and antioxidant activity of P. pini extracts, highlighting the importance of solvent choice in optimising their bioactive potential