Defence Life Science Journal
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HPLC-UV Quantitative Analysis of Acrylamide in Snack Foods of India
Get PDFAn investigation was carried out to determine acrylamide content in 51 popular snacks food of India by using High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) Instrument with UV detection method. The method entails acetone extraction of acrylamide, clean up by solid extraction cartridges, isocratic elution with mobile phase of HPLC grade water, acetonitrile and formic acid followed by detection at 210 nm. The limit of detection and the limit of quantification for this method were 5.12 and 17.08 μg/kg, respectively. The mean recoveries of acrylamide obtained by using spiked samples ranged from 91 per cent to 101.33 per cent. Acrylamide concentrations in the five groups of snacks ranged from 788.99 - 4191.82 μg/ for extruded and deep fat fried snack, 372 to 6391μg/ kg for deep fat fried food, 435-3147μg/kg for baked food, 434-1307 μg/kg for breakfast cereal and 471-1520 μg/kg for other snacks. Among the food products, snack foods purchased from unorganised sector showed highest concentration of acrylamide
Poly (γ-) Glutamic Acid : A Promising Biopolymer
Get PDFPoly (γ-) glutamic acid is a polymer of L or D - Glutamic acid units produced by microorganisms as a defense mechanism as an act of stress tolerance. Production of γ-PGA by microbial source has been gaining attention due to its low cost of production and varied application with high compatibility and high biodegradability. Its application ranges from food industry to waste water treatment. γ-PGA is a major constituent of Japanese food - natto. PGA has vast applications in food, pharmaceuticals, healthcare, water treatment and other fields. The high research interest that currently is developing for γ-PGA is due to its potential as a biomedical material with a high biocompatibility and a fair biodegradability. In fact, γ-PGA is extensively used as a food additive and it is known to be hydrolytically degradable by water with or without intervening of proteases. An incessant number of publications dealing with the use of γ-PGA as drug delivery system are appearing in these last few years and several processes have been developed at large scale which are able to afford great amounts of this compound for industrial uses
Energy Budget of Crops and Weed Management to Enhance Crop Productivity in Cold Arid Ladakh Region
Get PDFSmall scale agriculture is still the predominant characteristic of the Ladakh. It still has a great role in the economy. The region produces barley, wheat, vegetables and also involved in rearing livestock. The farming systems are unique and adapted to the harsh environmental conditions of Ladakh. Currently, the largest commercial agricultural produce is vegetable, which is sold in large quantity to defence establishments and as well as in the local market. It was recorded that production remains mainly in the hands of small land owners. In all the surveyed villages, majority of area (75%) is under vegetable crops as compared to cereals such as wheat and barley (25%). Efforts/ energy (unit in each case= value X 105 k cal/ha/year) being put to grow vegetables are significantly higher than the total output and the situation is just reverse in case of cereals. Survey revealed the need of small scale interventions including scientific weed management. From total energy point of view, staple crop production was found to be energy efficient. Even though subsistence-oriented production remains the economic mainstay, livelihood strategies have diversified in the light of growing geostrategic relevance and significant socio-economic changes
Advances in Rapid Detection and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests: A Review
Get PDFThe rise of antibiotic resistance is an emerging problem of the millennium. Clinical microbiology plays an important role in combating the problem by facilitating diagnostics and therapeutics thus managing infection in patients. Diagnostic failures are a major limiting factor during bacterial infection that causes inappropriate use of antibiotics, delay in start up of treatment and decrease in the survival rate during septic conditions. Thus rapid and reliable detection is highly relevant during such bacterial infections and also at the time of disease outbreak as many such pathogens can be used as biothreat agents or bioweapons affecting human health and posing risk to national security. This review highlights the importance of various methods for fast pathogen detection and antimicrobial susceptibility determination. These methods have the potential to provide very precise and rapid ways for bacterial screening and identifying the correct antibiotics to cure infectio
Perception of Job Stress among Fighter Controllers in Indian Air Force
Get PDFThe fighter controllers (FC) are an occupational group who deal with a hectic, difficult and highly demanding job. Their occupation entails high levels of responsibility in terms of shouldering the Air Defence operations. These kinds of duties require them to perform optimally at all times and thus impose high grade of an unambiguous occupational stress. In the present study 38 Fighter Controllers of 4 IAF Stations were administered Organisational Role Stress (ORS) scale, Stress Buster Tool Kit and Holmes & Rahe Stress Scale. It was found that 66 per cent of the participants felt Inter Role Distance as a reason for high graded stress, similarly Role Stagnancy (55 %), Role overload (61 %) and Role Isolation (40 %) have severely affected the sample studied. Stress buster tool kit showed that 34 per cent participants perceived severe service related and workplace related stress. Holmes & Rahe questionnaire reported that a total of 31.6 per cent participants were at 90 per cent risk of developing systemic co-morbidities due to stress. This study reports that Fighter Controllers perceive their role to be less important with little opportunities for growth. A significant finding that emerged and that needs attention is the possibility that 1/3rd of the participants are prone to stress induced illnesses. The role of Aerospace Medicine Specialists in this context is paramount in alleviating stress and enhancing self-esteem in Fighter Controllers
Psychosocial Factors among Hypertensive Women
Get PDFPrevalence of hypertension in women has been increasing day by day, it was reported that in India the overall prevalence of hypertension is 15.4 per cent among men and 15.9 per cent among women1, keeping in view the mounting prevalence of hypertension in women, the present investigation aimed to compare hypertensive and non-hypertensive women on stress, anger styles, type A behaviour and subjective well-being. The sample comprised of 200 women i.e. 100 were hypertensive women and 100 healthy women labeled as non hypertensive women within the age range of 45 yr - 60 yr. The study provided strong evidence for the detrimental effects of anger, stress and type a behavior. Thus, there are various programs which should be given to patients that help them to modify their behavior and promote different ways to enhance optimism, subjective well-being and effective coping among women and consequently reduce the risk of hypertension
Effectiveness of Subliminal Stimuli in Lie Detection: Use of Physical Countermeasures
Get PDFThe objective of the present investigation was to study the effectiveness of subliminal stimuli in reducing the probability of use of countermeasures during polygraph was considered. Further, use of countermeasures (physical) would be more for supraliminal stimuli as compared to subliminal stimuli. Purposive total samples of 79 adults with (age range between 20-28 years) were selected for the present study. Windows Based Computerised Lie Detector (CLD-118) and Aversion Therapy Instrument (MBT-498) were used in present study. For analyses of the data, Friedman Test (non-parametric) followed by Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test (non-parametric), were applied. In the present investigation the effectiveness of subliminal stimuli in deterring the execution of countermeasures was studied, revealed that subliminal stimuli acted as a deterrent to physical countermeasures. The present findings indicate that subliminal stimuli can be used as a deterrent to countermeasures (Physical) in Lie Detection
Physiology and Medicine at High Altitude: The Exposure and the Stress
Get PDFIncrease in altitude causes decrease in atmospheric barometric pressure that results in decrease of inspiredpartial pressure of oxygen, a source for stress and pose a challenge to climbers/trekkers or persons posted onhigh altitude areas. This review discusses about the high altitude sickness, their incidence rates, pathophysiologyand the classic model of acclimatisation, which explains about how oxygen requirement in extreme environmentis achieved by complex interplay among pulmonary, hematological and cardiovascular processes. The acutehigh altitude illness (AHAI) is basically composed of two syndromes: cerebral and pulmonary that can afflictun-acclimatised climbers/trekkers. The cerebral syndrome includes acute mountain sickness (AMS) and highaltitude cerebral oedema (HACO) and pulmonary syndrome typically refers to high altitude pulmonary oedema(HAPO). The core physiological purpose, according to the classic model is centered upon the optimisation ofincreased delivery of oxygen to the cells through a coherent response involving increased ventilation, cardiacoutput and hemoglobin concentration with aim to increase the oxygen flux across the oxygen cascade, whichwill help in preventing the development of majority of high altitude illness
Regulation of Food Intake : A Complex Process
Get PDFResearchers have created a wealth of knowledge about the mechanisms that regulate food intake, appetite and therefore weight control. The control of appetite is a complex mechanism and involves the coordination of inputs from both physiological and environmental sources. Early theoretical approaches were based on the idea that the control mechanism was dedicated exclusively to signals from glucose metabolism, amino acids or proteins, or adipose tissue. However, a complex system of biologic and environmental factors regulates our appetite. The brain integrates chemical and nervous signals to control hunger and satiety. These controls include sensory and gastrointestinal signals, neurotransmitters and neuropeptides. This review paper summarizes the existing plethora of the highly convoluted process of appetite regulation and food intake