Defence Life Science Journal
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Tomato Growth Promotion Induced by Stress Tolerant Phosphate Solubilizing Pseudomonas simiae in Arid trans-Himalaya
No full textPseudomonas simiae isolated from Seabuckthorn rhizosphere solubilized insoluble phosphate at 4-40ºC, pH 4-12 and in presence of 1-5% salt concentration. The optimum condition was observed at 28ºC, pH 6 and devoid of any salt stress. Ca3(PO4)2 was solubilized to a great extent than FePO4 and AlPO4. The isolate possess plant growth promoting attributes such as IAA (32 mg l-1), siderophore (78%) and HCN (0.1 OD at A625) production. Seed bacterization resulted in 30% and 51% enhanced shoot and root length, respectively in tomato seedling. Pot experiments revealed enhanced plant growth in P. simiae treated plants in both green shade net and open field conditions. Fruit yield was 9.8% and 19.8% higher over control in open and shade net condition, respectively.
Image Automatic Categorisation using Selected Features Attained from Integrated Non-Subsampled Contourlet with Multiphase Level Sets
Get PDFA framework of automatic detection and categorization of Breast Cancer (BC) biopsy images utilizing significant interpretable features is initially considered in discussed work. Appropriate efficient techniques are engaged in layout steps of the discussed framework. Different steps include 1.To emphasize the edge particulars of tissue structure; the distinguished Non-Subsampled Contourlet (NSC) transform is implemented. 2. For the demarcation of cells from background, k-means, Adaptive Size Marker Controlled Watershed, two proposed integrated methodologies were discussed. Proposed Method-II, an integrated approach of NSC and Multiphase Level Sets is preferred to other segmentation practices as it proves better performance 3. In feature extraction phase, extracted 13 shape morphology, 33 textural (includes 6 histogram, 22 Haralick’s, 3 Tamura’s, 2 Graylevel Run-Length Matrix,) and 2 intensity features from partitioned tissue images for 96 trained image
Advances in Electromagnetic Therapy for Wound Healing
Get PDFUnderstanding the molecular basis of wound healing and tissue regeneration continues to remain as one of the major challenges in modern medicine. There is absolute necessity to unveil the rather elusive mechanism with a special emphasis on the approaches to accelerate wound healing. Low frequency low intensity Pulsed electromagnetic therapy is evidenced to have a significant impact on wound repair and regeneration. It provides a non-invasive reparative technique to treat an injury. In vitro studies reported a significant effect of electromagnetic field on neovascularisation and angiogenesis. There are also many pieces of evidence which support its efficiency in reducing the duration of wound healing and improving the tensile strength of scars. Here, we compared the traditional stigma associated with pulsed electromagnetic fields and weighed them with its potential therapeutic effect on wound healing. Furthermore, we emphasized the need for more focused research to determine the therapeutic strategies and optimised parameters of pulsed electromagnetic field that can assure efficient wound healing and regeneration.
Vegetable Cultivation under Hydroponics in Himalayas : Challenges and Opportunities
Get PDFDefence Institute of Bio-Energy Research, Haldwani has successfully developed a hydroponics system by clubbing the soil less cultivation with rain water harvesting technology. The institute has also developed a suitable nutrient composition suitable for wide range of vegetables. Among the various varieties/hybrids grown in hydroponics, cucumber line PC 4C-8 exhibited the maximum fruit yield (448.3 q/ha). Among the various tomato hybrids, Avinash-2 exhibited highest yield (1052 q/ha) and number of fruits (154 per sq m) whereas TSS, total sugars, crude protein and minerals content were the maximum in tomato hybrid DARL-304. Interestingly, hydroponics system prolonged the harvesting period by 45 days in tomato. Plant population density of 6 plants/m2 was found optimum with the highest fruit yield in tomato and cucumber. Tomato hybrid DARL-304 exhibited higher fruit yield (6.5 kg/plant). Hydroponics system have been found successful in Auli (9000’ MSL), Joshimath with fruit yield of 2.25 kg/plant to 3.79 kg/plant in tomato. The yield was higher in rain water as comparison to river water. The article deals with the hydroponics technology in detail vis-à-vis efforts made at DIBER for standardization of hydroponics technology. It is envisaged that experience gained in successful cultivation of various crops in hydroponics using single nutrient solution at various altitudes through research stations of the institute
Energy Expenditure and Nutritional Status of Sailors During One Month of Extensive Physical Training
Get PDFThe present study was conducted to determine nutritional requirements during extensive physical training by sailors of Indian Navy. A total of 37 sailors who were undergoing physical trainers course at training establishment of Indian Navy participated in this study. Energy expenditure, energy intakes, nutrient status and body composition changes during one month of training were recorded. Mean energy expenditure was found to be 4035 ±733 kcal/day and an average intake of 4478 ±340 kcal/day with sufficient amount of micro and macronutrients. The level of vitamin and minerals in blood and their excretion were in the normal range. Body composition was also maintained with a marginal decrease in body fat content. Increase in grip strength of passive hand was observed (Basal: 41.5 ± 8.8 kg, after 1 month of training: 46.5 ± 6.1 kg). Results indicate adequate nutritional support from the diet and positive effects of the training on healt
Heat Induced Oxidative Stress and Aberrations in Liver Function Leading to Hepatic Injury in Rats
Get PDFExposure to heat stress (HS) elicits systemic and cellular response in experimental animals and humans. The current study was undertaken to determine the effect of HS on liver microstructure and function in rats. A heat simulation chamber with ambient temperature (Ta) 45 ± 0.5 °C and relative humidity (RH) 30 ± 5 per cent was used to expose animals to HS. Rats were categorised as moderately heat stressed (MHS, Tc = 40 °C) and severely heat stressed (SHS, Tc = 42 °C) group. We observed that with rise in core temperature (Tc) alanine aminotransferase(ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels were increased but glucose level was decreased in both plasma and liver tissue. Significantly elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) were detected in liver of MHS and SHS animals. Additionally, glutathione disulfide and glutathione (GSSG and GSH) ratio was found to be increased with rise in Tc which suggested saturation in antioxidant capacity of tissue. Furthermore, levels of heat shock proteins (HSPs) and caspases were upregulated upon HS. Results of histological examination indicated extensive loss of cells in liver parenchyma leading to disorganisation of lobular structure. Thus, biochemical and histological studies in experimental animals demonstrates that HS may severely altered structural and biochemical functions of liver
Effect of Some Organic Manure on Growth and Yield of Garlic in Greenhouse Condition at Cold Desert High Altitude Ladakh Region
Get PDFA field experiment was conducted to investigate effects of four organic manure sources (vermicompost, poultry manure, sheep & goat manure and cattle FYM) on growth and yield attributing characters of garlic in greenhouse condition during extreme winter months (October to May) at Leh-Ladakh, India with three application rates of organic manures viz. 10, 20 and 30 tons ha-1. The results revealed that, organic manure application enhanced plant growth, improved garlic yield and its components viz. no. of cloves per bulb, bulb diameter and weight. Also, with increasing rate of application of organic manures from 10 to 20 tons ha-1, all growth and yield characters of garlic were improved. Vermicompost and poultry manure had significant effects on plant growth characters viz. plant height, number of leaves per plant, length and width of leaves especially in the T3 and T6 treatments. Highest garlic yield (105.03q ha-1) was achieved in T6 treatment (poultry manure @ 20 tons ha-1). Overall, application of organic manures proved to be beneficial for garlic production and its application should be popularized for sustainable agriculture in fragile ecosystem of cold arid desert of Ladakh region.
Evaluation of Physiological Parameters in Response to Endurance Exercise of Zanskar Ponies Adapted to High Altitude of Ladakh Region
Get PDFZanskar pony, a native horse breed of Ladakh mainly used for transportation in Trans-Himalayan region of India, is well adapted to high altitude hypobaric hypoxia environment. Due to extreme conditions of the Ladakh region, better endurance of these ponies under hypoxic and extreme cold conditions is of utmost concern for their recruitment in Indian Army. In the present study, 12 young trained Zanskar ponies were evaluated during endurance exercise at an altitude of 3292 meter above mean sea level. The animals were subjected to carriage transport with 65-70Kg load or riding on a track of 5-6 Km. Physiological parameters viz., pulse rate (PR), heart rate (HR), rectal temperature (RT), respiratory rate (RR) and oxygen saturation (SaO2) were recorded in Zanskar ponies during pre-exercise (T0), post- exercise (T1) and post recovery (T2, 2 hours post resting) stages. Results showed marked increase in PR, HR, RR and RT post exercise time points. The mean values of PR increased from 49.83±4.62 to 73.67±21.54 per minute, HR from 48±13.60 to 75±15.82 beats/min, RR from 37.83±9.70 to 57.67±13.48 per min and RT from 99.62±0.34 101.04±0.53 °F from pre stress to post endurance stress. The mean SaO2 level reduced significantly (88.58±6.75 at T0 versus 64.00±18.70 at T1 and 54.42±14.79 at T2) post exercise. This indicated limited availability of arterial oxygen for tissues which could be vital factor for adverse change in some of physio-biochemical parameters. Though the trend of physiological response was similar for all the 12 animals, still variation at individual animal level was observed during endurance stress. In future, some of these physiological parameters along with biochemical and molecular parameters could be evaluated as potential biomarkers in selecting ponies with superior endurance trait specifically under hypoxic conditions
Exercise Responses to Metabolic Function on High Altitude Pulmonary Edema Susceptible Individuals
Get PDFThe study was aimed to evaluate and compare resting and exercise induced metabolic responses between acclimatized high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) susceptible (HAPE-s) and HAPE resistance (HAPE-r) volunteers at sea level. A group of 14 Indian soldiers volunteered for this study, divided into two groups, (i) HAPE-s, with past history of HAPE [n1 = 7; age = 33.3 ± 4.5 (M ± SD)] and (ii) HAPE-r, with prior history of repeated exposure to high altitude and without suffering HAPE [n2 = 7; age = 31.9 ± 4.2 (M ± SD)]. Respiratory frequency (fR), tidal volume (T), minute ventilation (E), oxygen consumption (O2), carbon dioxide output (CO2), heart rate (HR) and respiratory quotient (RQ) were recorded on all the volunteers during resting and exercise conditions. Ventilatory equivalent for oxygen (EqO2) and oxygen pulse (O2P) were calculated. Significant differences were observed between HAPE-s and HAPE-r volunteers in fRrest (25.3% higher), O2Prest (23.7% lower), Emax (50.9% lower) (all P<0.05), fRmax (55.7% lower), O2max (55.5% lower), O2Pmax (34.2% lower) (all P<0.01) and CO2max (42.1% lower, P<0.001). Rest of the parameters did not show any significant differences between the study groups. The study revealed that resting and exercise induced metabolic responses of HAPE-r volunteers was better as compared to acclimatized HAPE-s volunteers at sea level
A Hybrid Enhanced Independent Component Analysis Approach for Segmentation of Brain Magnetic Resonance Image
Get PDFMedical imaging and analysis plays a crucial role in diagnosis and treatment planning. The anatomical complexity of human brain makes the process of imaging and analyzing very difficult. In spite of huge advancements in medical imaging procedures, accurate segmentation and classification of brain abnormalities remains a challenging and daunting task. This challenge is more visible in the case of brain tumors because of different possible shapes of tumors, locations and image intensities of different types of tumors. In this paper we have presented a method for automated segmentation of brain tumors from magnetic resonance images. An enhanced and modified Gaussian mixture mode model and the independent component analysis segmentation approach has been employed for segmenting brain tumors in magnetic resonance images. The results of segmentation are validated with the help of segmentation evaluation parameters