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High Energy Foods: Review with Food Technological Perspective
Get PDFEnergy foods have gained a special interest all around the globe due to enhanced consumer awareness about activity-based calorie requirements. Energy-specific foods can be prepared in the form of bars/ fluids by using a combination of various types of ingredients such as cereals, pulses, nuts, and seeds. Energy foods provide concentrated calories specifically required for athletes and military personnel, those involved in high-endurance physical activities. The latter group was deployed in challenging terrains associated with harsh climatic conditions (high altitudes, hot and cold environments). In addition to the harsh climate, the situation worsens with limited accessibility and availability of regular food. Therefore, food and fluid intake will be considerably less, which ultimately disturbs the energy metabolism and health of an individual. The research poses challenges in the development of energy foods for specialised requirements and incorporating the highest energy in the lowest volume of foods. This is because of raw material selections, economics, product palatability and stability (shelf life) in adverse conditions. The high energy content, volume, and stability are suitable factors for using certain products as survival or emergency rations. Indeed, there was a necessity to understand the fate of energy metabolism and its medical implications in different harsh climatic conditions. The present review is a brief discussion about the influence of a challenging environment on nutritional and energy requirements and the significance of different energy foods
A Comparative Study of Insecticidal Activity of Leaf Extract of Zanthoxylum armatum DC (Rutaceae) Prepared in Polar and Non-Polar Solvents against Termites
Get PDFPlants extracts are rich in phytochemicals and have diverse properties. Odontotermes obesus (Isoptera:Odontotermitidae), the white Indian termite, is a highly destructive polyphagous insect pest cause a great threat to plants, agricultural fields, and structures of economic importance At present time, most of the control measures to control termites rely mainly on synthetic chemicals which are harmful to both the environment and human health. Plants extracts have gained significant attention for their insecticidal properties, offering an eco-friendly alternative to synthetic chemicals. Thus, present research aims to study the insecticidal activity of leaf extracts of Zanthoxylum armatum DC. A comparative study has been done on the efficacy of leaf extracts prepared in polar and non-polarsolvents by contact toxicity test. Solvents used in the preparation of extracts play a crucial role in the extraction of bioactive compounds and also effect the yield, efficiency of plants extracts. In line with this, present work depicts the comparative account of solvents used in preparation of extracts. Results of the present work indicated that leaf extract of Zanthoxylum armatum DC prepared in the polar solvent is most effective as it shows the highest mortality and lowest LC50 value in comparison to non-polar solvent.
The Link between Diabetes and Urinary Tract Infections
Get PDFPeople having diabetes mellitus, urinary tract infections are more prevalent, more serious, and have worse consequences. The presence of resistant microbes is a common factor in their occurrence. Urinary tract infections (UTI) are more common in these patients for a variety of reasons, including immune system impairments, poor metabolic control, and incomplete bladder emptying caused by autonomic neuropathy. The present review is an amalgamation of existing literature to understand link between diabetes and UTI and the microorganisms responsible for urinary tract infection (UTI) and colonization in diabetic patients, as well as natural treatments effective in treating and preventing urological problems. For solving the purpose, A review of existing literature on UTIs in diabetic patients was conducted, with a focus on the microorganisms responsible for UTI and colonization, as well as natural treatments for urological problems. It was observed from the literatures that the UTIs are more common in diabetic patients due to impaired immunity and incomplete emptying of the bladder. Symptoms of UTIs are similar in diabetic and non-diabetic patients, and prevention depends on the severity and extent of the infection. Antimicrobial resistance is increasing among urinary pathogens, making effective treatment more difficult. Patients with diabetes are at a higher risk of infection in both the upper and lower urinary tracts. Natural treatments have shown promise in treating and preventing UTIs in diabetic patients, although more research is needed to confirm their efficacy. It could be concluded that the UTIs are a significant concern for patients with diabetes, who are at a higher risk of infection due to impaired immunity and incomplete bladder emptying. Effective treatment is becoming more challenging due to increasing antimicrobial resistance. Natural treatments may offer a promising alternative, but further research is needed to explore their potential benefits for UTIs in diabetic patients.
 
Person-Situation-Behaviour Triad: Exploring Relationships and Behavioural Consistency
Get PDFThe present paper, a part of a major work in this field, concentrates on exploring the precise relationship of personality and situational elements with behavior. It was also aimed to examine the behavioral consistency across situations. The study was conducted on 200 XIthand XIIth grade students (100 male, 100 female) drawn from various schools of Karnal and Kurukshetra towns in Haryana (India). Participants received the NEO Five Factor Inventory-Revised. The behavior of the participants was observed through a video recording, with their knowledge and consent, in three dyadic experimental situations and then was rated on Riverside Behavioral Q-sort. Although 64 behavioral characteristics were rated on Riverside Behavioral Q-sort, only 34 of them were retained for further analysis in a view of their psychometric properties in the instant study. Results of correlational analysis revealed that personality traits correlated significantly (p<.01) with most of the trait-congruent behaviors. Neuroticism was found correlated with 6 behaviors, Extraversion with 9, Openness with 3, Agreeableness with 6, and Consciousness with 3. Situational dimensions, measured as 8 DIAMONDS, have shown a relatively lower degree of relationship with behaviors in dyadic situations. The data have provided strong evidence for cross-situational consistency in the majority of observed behaviors. The findings of the study were discussed in light of earlier researches in the field and pertinent theoretical models
Toxicity Assessment of Sesbania sesban var. bicolor a Traditionally used Anthelmintic Medicinal Plant, in Rodent Models
Get PDFSesbania sesban var. bicolor, a tropical shrub,is a medicinal plant in India. This assessment reports the toxic potentials of its leaf extract. Acute oral toxicity was executed in mice whereas sub-acute toxicity was carried out using rodent models. The study showed that the median lethal dose was over than 5000 mg/kg. Toxicity assessments displayed a mild increase in neutrophils and a mild decrease in eosinophil and monocyte counts in rats. Also, the SGOT and SGPT levels were found to be raised, indicating evidence of hepatotoxicity. The mitochondria of kidney and liver tissues studied by transmission electron microscopy revealed damage in the cristae and membrane. Together, it may be concluded that S. sesban var. bicolor extract possesses mild toxicity in experimental animals. Therefore, despite its efficacy in traditional medicine, the long-term use of this plant should be controlled
Induction of Maize Resistance to Downy Mildew Disease Peronosclerospora Spp. Using an Endophytic Consortium
Get PDFMaize resistance to downy mildew is connected with the activation of multiple defense responses that slow or stop infection at specific stages of the host-pathogen interaction. The interaction between the pathogen and the host plant induces several changes in cell metabolism, especially phenolic content, activity of peroxidase enzyme (POD), and salicylic acid. In this study, an analysis was carried out on the effect of a consortium of endophytic microbes from the fungal group (isolates of AC-1, AC-2, AC-3, and DC-5) and bacterial group (isolates of II-D1, IV-B2, I-A1, III-A2, and I-D3) to control downy mildew in maize through seed treatment and watering of the isolate suspension around plant roots at 14 days after planting under screen house conditions. The results showed that DC[1]5+II-D1endophytic consortium significantly suppressed downy mildew disease up to 71 %, with the total phenolic content after inoculation 10.3 ppm. In comparison, the DC-5+I-A1 endophytic consortium treatment recorded the highest increase in salicylic acid concentration of 330 %. This treatment did not significantly affect the peroxidase enzyme activity. This study contributes to the understanding of potential mechanisms involved in the defense of maize against downy mildew, highlighting the role of POD and salicylic acid in plant susceptibility to pathogens
In vitro Antioxidant Anti inflammatory and Anti Bacterial Studies of Nagkesar An Uncommon but Potential Indian Spice
Get PDFThe present study evaluates the pharmacological activities of water and alcoholic extracts of Nagkesar enriched with valuable phytochemicals. Nagkesar or Nagchampa (Mesua ferrea) is a prominent Indian herbal spice with therapeutic potential in preventing various diseases. There are only a few reports available to date on the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Nagkesar spice. There is a need to further investigate and elaborate on the pharmaceutical properties of this spice for its role in health and disease. Phytochemical screening and thin-layer chromatography of extracts were performed for the identification of phytoconstituents. The extracts were further quantified for phenolics, and flavonoids, and their antioxidant potential was assessed by Total antioxidant capacity and Ferric reducing activity assay. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated through the inhibition of HRBC membrane stabilisation whereas the antibacterial susceptibility was determined by employing the well diffusion assay. Findings revealed that the spice possesses phytoconstituents like phenols, alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids and other related compounds. The Nagkesar spice extracted in ethanol exhibited significant pharmacological and antibacterial efficacies due to the existence of various phytochemicals. Phenolic phytochemical content was found to be 3.5±0.168 mgGAE/gm extract and flavonoid presence was 0.589±0.211 mgQE/gm extract. The extract exhibited good TAC, (2.71±0.153 mg AAE/gm extract) very high hemolytic inhibition (75.86±0.367 %), and effective inhibition against bacterial growth. This research shows that Nagkesar spice might be a potential future candidate for drug development against various challenging and emerging diseases
A Pilot Study Investigating the Impact of High Altitude on Myostatin and Irisin Levels
Get PDFMany people visit and stay at high altitude due to adventure or occupation. The high-altitude environment comprises many factors alien to sea residents and detrimental to physical and mental health. Myokines are peptides and cytokines secreted from muscles and have a prime role in regulating skeletal muscle growth and myo-degradation. Therefore, the present study investigated the function of myokines in regulating muscle mass during acute and chronic high-altitude exposure. The study was conducted on Indian healthy subjects (n=29) who were distributed into three groups: Control (sea level (SL; n=15), acute high altitude stayed subjects (stayed at high altitude for less than ten days (AHA; n=7); chronic high altitude stayed subjects (stayed at high altitude for 15 days to 3 months (CHA; n=7). Acute exposure to high altitude leads to an increase in myostatin levels, indicating enhanced myo-degradation. Irisin levels were also increased in AHA group compared to SL group, depicting inclined myogenesis. However, CHA group showed an increase in myostatin levels but a non-significant change in irisin content in relation to SL group, suggesting enhanced myo-degradation. These findings generated a unique role of myokines, including myostatin and irisin, in managing skeletal muscle health with reference to high altitude.