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In Vivo Antidiabetic Activity and GCMS Analysis of Ethanolic Extracts of Rabdosia Rugosa (Wal ex Benth) H Hara
Get PDFThe current study examined the effects of an ethanolic extract of R. rugosa (Rabdosia rugosa (Wall. ex Benth.) H. Hara) on alloxan-induced diabetes rats, detailing its hypoglycemic potential and using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to analyze its phytoconstituents. The FTIR spectrum verified the presence of various functional groups in the active ingredients. This research opted to use an extract from fresh leaves and flowers. Chichiri is the local name for the shrub R. rugosa, which belongs to the sage family (Labiatae) and is used as traditional medicine. To determine the hypoglycemic activity of plant extracts the rats were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups for two weeks of experiments: a normal control group that received no treatment, a diabetic control group that received only alloxan (150 mg/kg BW), a drug control group that received glibenclamide (5mg/kg BW), and a treatment group that received R. rugosa extract (50 mg/kg BW). Our results demonstrated that the extract and medication group saw statistically significant improvement (p≤0.001) in body weight, blood glucose levels, lipid profile, liver and renal parameters. The GCMS analysis showed that numerous active phytoconstituents were present. Phenols, alkanes, alcohols, and other compounds were detected in the FTIR spectrum. After examining the data, we determined that the leaves and inflorescences of R. rugosa have hypoglycemic potential. Continued study of the naturally separated chemicals can aid in the creation of organic medications for diabetic treatment
Compost Formulation from Different Wastes to Enhance the Soil and Plant Productivity A Review
Get PDFDifferent types and sources of compost are used to increase agricultural productivity. This review reveals different compost formulation methods and the incorporation of those methods into agriculture to reduce waste production, providing a better way to maintain soil fertility for better plant yield. This review furnishes an in-depth update on the impact of prepared compost from different ingredients like municipal waste, kitchen-based food waste, livestock waste, agricultural waste, algae, and industrial waste to find the effects on soil health, plant growth parameters (height, stem diameter, leaf number, chlorophyll content, etc.), and plant yield. Several studies have shown that compost significantly affects the soil’s health and improves different plants’ morphological (height, width, stem diameter, leaf shape, leaf size, leaf arrangement, root system), physiological (photosynthesis rate, transpiration rate, respiration rate, stomatal conductance, chlorophyll content, carbon dioxide assimilation, nutrient uptake, water use efficiency, flowering time, germination rate), and chemical properties (pH, macronutrient content, micronutrient content, carbohydrate content, protein content, lipid content, phytochemical content, essential oil content, pigment content). Produced compost from different ingredients has significant results for enhancing soil health, nutrient supply to plants, reducing heavy metal accumulation in plants, increasing plant yield, and reducing the environmental pollution. Overall, the results of this study demonstrate the potential of compost formulations made from different waste materials to enhance soil fertility and plant productivity. These findings have important implications for sustainable agriculture and waste management practices. Using compost as a soil amendment can help reduce waste and improve soil health, increasing plant yields and reducing the need for chemical fertilisers. However, the dose of compost prepared from various wastes in different climatic conditions should be optimized at the farm level, with particular emphasis on economic sustainability
Menopausal Transition and the Development of Rheumatoid Arthritis An Overview: An overview
Get PDFRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic immune-mediated inflammatory illness caused by an accumulation of inflammatory infiltration in the synovial membrane, which leads to the progressive deterioration of joint architecture. Women are three times more likely than men to have RA, with more severe functional loss and disability. The purpose of this review is to study the shifts in the hormonal system brought on by menopause and their potential links with RA. Females are more likely to develop RA as a result of hereditary and environmental interactions of sex hormones and their effects on the immune system. Rapid declines in ovarian function and systemic estrogen have been linked to postmenopausal increases in proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β. The majority of the data from the literature review imply that female hormone characteristics that can be influenced by hereditary and environmental variables impact the development of autoimmune illnesses, including RA. 
Recent Advancements in Prevalent Practices for Plant Cultivation by Hydroponics
Get PDFMany plant-derived products are well known to possess therapeutic properties along with minimum side effectsand relatively competitive efficacies as compared to other chemical counterparts/analogs. Herbal drugs are therefore now widely accepted owing to their long-lasting impact. However, the role of cultivation conditions and associated biotic and abiotic parameters are paramount in affecting the yield of phytocompounds among cultivated plants. Moreover, with the increasing burden on cultivable land available for the production of cash crops, medicinal plants require alternative techniques of propagation for meeting commercial demands without adversely affecting their yield of phytocompounds and their therapeutic potential. Regulating the biotic and abiotic parameters using several methods of propagation (viz. vegetative and plant tissue culture) is instrumental in attaining the desired yield in the harvest. The major drawbacks of these techniques are lack of skilled labour and high monetary expense. Alternative techniques, such as hydroponics and aeroponics are pivotal to overcoming these disadvantages. The ‘Hydroponics’ technique involves plant cultivation in a soil-less nutrient medium. This method offers major advantages over the conventional techniques being more economical and independent of seasonal variations besides eliminating the influence of soil-microbe interactions on the development of plants. This technique is under continuous investigation and improvement with recent advances being made in the inter-disciplinary approaches for improving the technique by the addition of IoT and cloud computing along with other conventional techniques such as vertical farming forhydroponic systems and the development of hybrid models
Antimicrobial activity and GCMS Analysis of leaves Extracts of Butea Monosperma Lam Taub
Get PDFButea monosperma (Lam.) Taub is a well-known medicinal plant belonging to the family Fabaceae. More than hundreds of plants have been reported in the Ethno-botanical literature of India for theiranti-microbial activity as well as for treatment of many diseases and Butea monosperma (Lam.)Taub is one of them. The present investigation is focused on the anti-microbial activity of Butea monosperma leaves against both gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecalis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans) and gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) as well as fungi (Candida albicans and Trichophyton rubrum). Both excerpts (ethanol and methanol) show positive responses against all the selected microorganisms. GC-MS analysis is done to find out important compound which is anti-microbial. A total of 38 compounds are identified in GC-MS analysis. Out of 38 compounds, 8 compounds are identified as antimicrobial in nature such as Dodecane, 2-HEXADECEN-1-OL, 3,7,11,15-TETRAMETHYL-, [R-[, Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester, Phytol, Palmidrol, Squalene, Tetracosane, Vitamin E and Lup-20(29)-en-3-one which justify, this plant possess significant anti-microbial property. GC-MS analysis reveals that majorly, this plant leaves also possess 10 antioxidant compounds (Neophytadiene, 2-HEXADECEN-1-OL, 3,7,11,15-TETRAMETHYL-, [R-[, n-Hexadecanoic acid, Phytol, squalene, .alpha.-Tocospiro B, Tetracosane, .gamma.-Tocopherol, Ergost-5-en-3-ol, (3.beta.)- and STIGMASTA-5,22-DIEN-3-OL, (3.BETA.,22E)-,), 9 anti-cancerous compounds (Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester, 9,12,15-OCTADECATRIENOIC ACID, METHYL ESTER, squalene, .gamma.-Tocopherol, Vitamin E, Ergost-5-en-3-ol, (3.beta.)-, STIGMASTA- 5,22-DIEN-3-OL, (3.BETA.,22E)-, .gamma.-Sitosterol and Lupeol),8 anti-inflammatory compounds (Neophytadiene,2-HEXADECEN-1-OL, 3,7,11,15-TETRAMETHYL-, [R-[, Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester, n-Hexadecanoic acid, 9,12,15-OCTADECATRIENOIC ACID, METHYL ESTER, Phytol, Palmidrol, .alpha.-Tocospiro B and Lupeol), 3 cardioprotective compounds ( Neophytadiene, .alpha.-Tocospiro B and .gamma.-Tocopherol A) and 5 antidiabetic compounds (.alpha.-Tocospiro B, Vitamin E, STIGMASTA-5,22-DIEN-3-OL, (3.BETA.,22E)-, .gamma.-Sitosterol and Lup-20(29)-en-3-one).This investigation suggests that this plant leaf has not only anti-microbial potential but also possesses other important compounds to fight against many deadly diseases. Thus, this plant has immense potential to make an individual place in pharmacological industries, especially as antibiotics
Ethnopharmacology, Antioxidant Activities, and Phytochemical Screening of Bioactive Extracts from the Seeds of Alangium Salvifolium, A Medicinal Plant
Get PDFPhytochemical with antioxidant properties have great potential to combat plant and human diseases. This study aims to analyze the effects of different phytochemical constituents on different solvents on their extraction yield and also to determine the bioactive phytochemical and the amount of antioxidant activity of Alangium salvifolium seeds. For this study, the seeds of Alangium salvifolium were extracted, analyzed for phytochemical constituents, and evaluated for their antioxidant activity. Chemical analysis of phytochemical constituents was performed according to standard protocols. The antioxidant capacity of the plant extracts was measured using several in vitro techniques, including the DPPH radical scavenging assay and SOS activity. The plant extracts were subjected to phytochemical screening to determine their potential for antioxidant activity and the presence of bioactive components. The results of the current study show the ethanolic extract of Alangium salvifolium seeds showed remarkable antioxidant properties. Alangium salvifolium is a remarkable medicinal plant that contains a variety of bioactive secondary plant compounds and can be used to prevent several diseases. Recent research suggests that plant-derived antioxidants that scavenge free radicals may be useful in treating chronic diseases caused by free radicals
Hydrogen rich Syngas by Steam gasification of Waste Lignocellulosic Biomass
Get PDFThe depleting petroleum reserve, as well as increasing demand for crude oil, has attracted the research interest for alternative sources of energy. The surplus lignocellulosic biomass such as forest residues, crop residues, and weeds may be a potential source to derive biofuel by the thermochemical route. Gasification is an established technology for the utilization of biomass to obtain producer gas containing mainly H2 and CO as combustibles. The air-blown biomass gasifiers are widely installed where the resulting producer gas contains 55-60 per cent nitrogen and a lower percentage of H2 and CO with an H2/CO ratio of less than one. Gasification of lignocellulosic biomass using steam as an oxidant produces syn-gas with a lower amount of nitrogen, a higher percentage of hydrogen, and H2/CO > 2.1. Steam as an oxidant favors water gas shift reaction with the formation of hydrogen and enhances the H2/CO ratio. The ratio of steam to biomass was 1.20-1.25 so the water gas shift reaction and steam reforming of methane occur. The percentage of hydrogen in the syngas obtained by gascification of pine needles, camelina straw and Lantana biomass was 56.8, 68.7, and 72.8 per cent respectively. The present article describes the steam gasification of pine needle biomass, crop residue from Camelina sativa, and biomass from weed i.e. Lantana camara to produce syngas with a higher H2/CO ratio along with a high calorific value compared to the one with air-blown gasification
Gaschromatography Mass Spectrometry GC MS Determination of Bioactive Components from Aervalanata. (L.) Whole Plant
Get PDFAervalanata L. belongs to the family of Amaranthaceae, found in the tropical regions. Traditionally, this plant is known for antimicrobial, anthelminthic, antiparasitic, antidiabetic, diuretic, nephroprotective, cytotoxic, and antihyperlipidemic activities. As yet no further characteristic study has been conducted from ethanolic extract of this species, therefore in this present study we seek to identify and evaluate the bioactive compounds from the ethanolic extracts of Aervalanata L whole plant by using the GCMS. Result of this research work reports twenty-eight compounds. The identified chemical compounds were correlated with the NIST Mass Spectrum Library.In conclusion, we seek to provide additional information on the clinical significance and pharmacological information associated with this plant
Analysis of Antioxidant, Antidiabetic Potential, and Corosolic Acid Content in Prunus Padus Leaves
Get PDFThis research was conducted to detect corosolic acid, in vitro antioxidant and antidiabetic effect of Prunus padus leaf, also called Bird cherry and is a member of Rosaceae. It is a medium-sized tree with obovate, fine serrated leaves and white flowers. According to the HPLC Chromatogram of standard corosolic acid, leaf samples of Prunus padus displayed a peak with a retention time of 9.855 min. Quantitative analysis revealed a good concentration of corosolic acid i.e 8.032 μg/20 mg d w. In vitro studies showed potent antidiabetic and antioxidant activities DPPH radical scavenging test of Prunus padus showed 91.90 per cent inhibition and standard ascorbic acid showed 82.39 per cent inhibition at 250 μg/ml concentration. Acarbose and Prunus padus both have IC50 values of 193.62 ± 0.634 μg/ ml and 114.72 ± 1.038 μg/ ml, accordingly, as determined by an alpha amylase inhibition experiment. The results demonstrate that Prunus padus possesses a good amount of corosolic acid and can be considered a natural source, which is very influential in neutralizing the reactive oxygen species and damage caused by diabetes and has strong antioxidant and antidiabetic effects