Defence Life Science Journal
Not a member yet
454 research outputs found
Sort by
Phytochemical Screening and Evaluation of Antioxidant, Antidiabetic, and Antimicrobial Potential of Bergenia ligulata
Get PDFBergenia ligulata, locally known as “Pashanbheda,” belongs to the family Saxifragaceae and is a perennial herb with a short and thick stem. This plant has numerous medicinal properties including antioxidant, antidiabetic, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties. The qualitative and quantitative analysis shows that the rhizome of this plant contains various phytochemical constituents. Qualitative analysis shows that it contains phenols, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, alkaloids, steroids, carbohydrates, and glycosides. Thirty- two bioactive compounds were identifiedduring GC-MS analysis. Dihydro-3-methylene-5-methyl-2-furanon, Stigmast-5-en-3-ol, 9-Octadecenamide(Z), 6,9-Octadecadienoic acid, methyl ester, 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z, Z)-, methyl compounds have antioxidant, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities. The total phenol and flavonoid content from the quantitative analysis revealed a significant amount of phenol i.e., 67.1±0.02*6mg/g, and flavonoid content i.e., 89.11±0.01* mg/g. In vitro, antioxidant activities were estimated by diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay showing the highest % inhibition of 47.24±0.06* for plant extract and 41.63±0.057* for standard respectively. The in vitro, antidiabetic activitieswere estimated by alpha-amylase inhibition assay showing the highest % inhibition of 67.14±0.05* at 250 μg/ ml for methanolic plant extract and 61.42±0.01* at 250 μg/ ml for standard and in vitro antibacterial potential were detected by using Agar well diffusion process. The anti-bacterial action was found maximum in aqueous plant extract against staphylococcus aureus bacteria
Role of Artificial Intelligence in High Throughput Diagnostics for Colorectal Cancer Current Updates
Get PDFThe existence of cancer has been stated as a century’s oldest challenge for the entire human race around theglobe recording a large amount of mortality per year and as per the WHO data nearly 10 million deaths were reported in 2021 worldwide besides others. Colorectal cancer is considered a major threat as this is cancer-related to the colon and rectum with an incidence of 41/1,00,000 recorded annually to overcome this challenge our medical system requires more advanced, accurate and efficient high throughput techniques for the prognosis and effective treatment of this disease. Artificial intelligence’s role in healthcare has been a matter of discussion among experts over the past few years, but more recently the spotlight has focused more specifically on the role that this technology can play in improving patient outcomes and improving the effectiveness of diagnosis and treatment processes. Artificial intelligence refers to a broad category of technologies, including machine learning, natural language processing and deep learning. Exploration of Molecular pathways with characteristics that helps in subtyping of Colorectal Cancer (CRC) leading to specific treatment response or prognosis, for the effective treatment, classification and early detection done using Artificial Intelligence based technologies have shown promising results so far, that it may be utilized to create prediction models in the current environment to distinguish between polyps, metastases, or normal cells in addition to early detection and effective cancer therapy. Nowadays many scientists are putting effort into designing such fabricating models by combining natural language processes and deep learning that can differentiate between non-adenomatous and adenomatous polyps to identify hyper-mutated tumours, genetic mutations and molecular pathways known as IDaRS strategy or iterative draw-and-rank sampling. The review study primarily focuses on the significance of emerging AI-based approaches for the diagnosis, detection, and prognosis of colorectal cancer in light of existing obstacles
Identification of Potent Natural Inhibitor Against Papain Like Protease of SARS CoV 2 an in Silico Approach
Get PDFOne of the most complicated tasks the healthcare system has faced in recent years has been the development of a curative treatment to stop the progression of the SARS CoV-2 virus. No consensus has been reached on a medical cure to slow the virus spread. From this point of view, investigating existing drugs such as SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors is an appropriate technique. With critical involvement in viral replication and host-immune suppression, Papain-like protease (PL-pro) is recognized as a key enzyme target for drug development among other SARS-CoV-2 druggable targets. Phytolignans have a wide range of physiological effects, making them an appealing drug for antiviral study. We used an insilico method to target SARS CoV-2 PL-pro with phytolignans in our investigation. The chemical structures of phytolignans were obtained from PubChem, whereas the protease structure 6WX4was obtained from the Protein Data Bank website. The PyRx software was used for molecular docking.Of all the phytolignans examined, Sesamolin has the greatest binding affinity of -8.4 kcal/mol towards PL-pro.The docking results revealed that phytolignans are potent inhibitors of the SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease and that they may be verified further in vitro and in vivo. Our findings suggest that Sesamolin might be used as a medication to block the action of SARS CoV-2 PL-pro
The Multifaceted Role of Senescence Marker Protein 30 in Health and Diseases
No full textSenescence marker protein 30 (SMP30) is an age-linked marker protein, the expression of which declines with aging. SMP30 binds with calcium; however, the absence of a calcium-binding EF-hand motif makes it different from other calcium-binding proteins like calmodulin. Interestingly, previous studies have shown that it binds with other divalent metal co-factors also and catalyzes the cyclisation of L-gulonate required for the biosynthesis of ascorbate in non-primates. Remarkably, SMP30 is conserved among vertebrates indicating that it isa crucial protein performing certain physiological functions. Apparently, in primates, including humans, calcium homeostasis could be the primary function of SMP30 due to the absence of ascorbic acid biosynthesis in these species. In this review, we have discussed the expression pattern of SMP30 in various cells and tissues. SMP30 expression is modulated by different internal and external factors, which we have extensively discussed here. Subsequently, its role in calcium homeostasis, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and liver regeneration has also been explored. Further, the potentiality of SMP30 as a prophylactic agent against organophosphorus nerve agent poisoning has been elucidated due to its organophosphate hydrolysing activity as a promiscuous substrate
Utilization of Agro industrial Food Processing Wastes and Pollutants for Manufacture of Products of Industrial Value A review
Get PDFRapid industrialization as a consequence of the population explosion has led to the expansion of the agricultureand food processing sector to feed every mouth and to meet rapidly growing market demand. Extensive harvesting and processing of crops and raw agricultural harvests, and production of secondary and tertiary wastes from industrial manufacturing operations associated with agricultural and food products have impacted the environment in adverse ways, which is causing irreparable damages. To minimize the carbon load on earth, several sustainable technologies have been developed, which can save the environment as well as generate some useful and industrially important products. This review work focuses on the current scenario of these wastes, and their harmful effects on nature in general, and on the environment in particular. It also suggests that sustainable techniques can minimize these harmful impacts, and can instead manufacture some valuable products like antibiotics, enzymes, organic acid, organic chemicals, biomass, pigment, flavors, solid fuel, and bioalcohol. Thus, this is a comprehensive and extensive account of the utilization of agricultural and food processing wastes to derive valuable, useful products
GCMS Analysis In Vitro Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Activity of Oxyria digyna (L.) Hill: An Underexplored Trans Himalayan Plant
Get PDFOxyria digyna (mountain sorrel) is an edible and medicinal herb with a wide array of ethnopharmacological uses. A literature review revealed that this species is less explored for its pharmacological efficacy. Methanolic leaf extract of O. digyna was screened for antioxidant potential utilizing “2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl” DPPH and “Hydrogen peroxide” H202 assay, in addition, the antidiabetic potential was evaluated using enzyme alpha-amylase. Further, the bioactive compounds were analyzed through GC/MS and FTIR techniques. The antioxidant results demonstrated that the extract showed strong reducing potential for both DPPH and Hydrogen peroxide assay, plant extract revealed scavenging activity with an IC50 value of 42.55±0.7311 µg/ml for DPPH and an IC50 value of 51.77±1.855 µg/ml for H2O2. Furthermore, O. digyna showed a moderate inhibitory outcome towards alpha-amylase with an IC50 =131.02±1.90 µg/ml while the standard showed an IC50 = of 22.05±3.9 µg/ml. The extract exhibited an enormous amount of total flavonoid and phenolic. Moreover, the FTIR spectrum showed the presence of alcohol, alkanes, alkyne, aldehyde, etc. and the GC/MS study reveals the presence of sixty compounds. The most prevalent one is 9,12,15- Octadecatrienoic acid (Z, Z, Z) 38.33 %. According to our knowledge, this study is the first to validate its antidiabetic potential and identification of numerous phytoconstituents through GC/MS and identification of several functional groups employing FTIR analysis. The above finding suggests that O. digyna possess a high amount of phenols, and flavonoids, showing significant antioxidant properties, which makes it a promising source of natural antioxidant, also it can be used in food industries and for future drug synthesis. Further, the extract showed potential alpha-amylase inhibition but the potential was less, further, the active biochemical constituent can be isolated and utilized in therapeutic applications
Comparative Compositional Analysis and Pesticidal Efficacy of Essential Oils from Leaves of Skimmia Aanquetilia N.P. Taylor and Airy Shaw
Get PDFThe objective of the current study was to re-examine the chemical components of the essential oil (EO) from the aerial parts of Skimmia anquetilia N.P. Taylor & Airy Shaw in two different seasons designated as Skimmia anquetilia rainy season essential oil (SKREO) and Skimmia anquetilia winter season essential oil (SKWEO). The GC-MS analysis of SKREO and SKWEO resulted in the identification of 42 and 48 constituents, comprising of 95.3 % and 95.4 % of the total composition respectively. Both SKREO and SKWEO varied in their chemical composition in terms of quantity viz: linalyl acetate (15.8% - 17.6%), linalool (13.2% - 13.9%), geijerene (11.6% - 11.7%), α-thujene (11.3% - 11.1%), α-terpineol (6.1% - 6.1%), geranyl acetate (5.0% - 5.1%), α-terpinyl acetate (3.3% - 3.1%), myrcene (3.0% - 3.1%), geraniol (2.6% - 1.9%), α-pinene (2.1% - 2.2%), trans-β-ocimene (2.1% - 2.3%), cis-β-ocimene (2.0% - 2.2%) and neryl acetate (2.3% - 2.4%). Besides qualitative differences SKREO and SKWEO, both were studied for their pesticidal activities. The study exhibited potent antifeedant activity against Spodoptera litura and nematicidal activity against Meloidogyne incognita. Based on the present observations, it was found that besides its academic importance, shrub Skimmia anquetilia can be a good source of phytochemicals like linalyl acetate, linalool, geijerene, thujene and can be used for the development of herbal source for antifeedant and nematicidal activity after proper clinical trials
In Vitro Anti Inflammatory and Antioxidant Properties and GC MS Based Phytoconstituent Screening of Methanolic Fruit Berry Extracts of Gaultheria Trichophylla Royle
Get PDFGaultheria trichophylla fruit was collected from the western part of the Himalayan Mountains of Himachal Pradesh. It belongs to the family Ericaceae. In our research, the inhibition of protein albumin denaturation assay and the DPPH radical scavenging activity were analyzed to reveal the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of G. trichophylla methanolic fruit extract. GC-MS analysis and qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analyses were also determined. The preliminary qualitative screening of the fruit extract identified phytoconstituents like alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, steroids, glycosides, tannins, terpenoids, and saponins. It was found that fruit extract shows 138.88±2.346 total phenolic content and 53.96±2.049 total flavonoid content at the highest concentrations. The fruit extract possessed higher free radical scavenging activity (91.54±0.015) at 250 µg/ml concentration, having an (IC50=23.81) when compared with standard ascorbic acid (73.47±0.020) at 250 µg/ml concentration, with (IC50=136.20) and is statistically significant. The extract also exhibited higher percent inhibition of protein denaturation (82.56±0.008) at 250 µg/ml concentration, having an IC50=120.98, when compared with standard aspirin (76.47±0.014) at 250 µg/ml concentration, having an IC50=65.09 (statistically significant). GC-MS screening revealed 45 therapeutically active phytoconstituents in the extract, out of which 2,3-Dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl4h-pyran-4-one (15.64%); Hexadecenoic acid (15.19%); Octadec-9-enoic acid (13.78%); 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (11.04%); 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (7.81%); 4H-pyran-4-one, 3-hydroxy-2-methyl (7.17%); 4-Oxopentanoic acid (4.07%); 4-Methyl-6-(tetrahydropyran-2-yloxy) hex-4-enal (3.06%); 2-Decenal, (E) (2.82%); and Octadecanoic acid (2.50%) were the bioactive constituents having a high percentage of area in the chromatogram. Thus, we conclude that the fruit extract of G. trichophylla can be a powerful source of bioactive phytoconstituents of therapeutic value, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant agents
A Method for Determination of Protein Concentration in a Given Unknown Sample Using Absorbance Difference Between 205 nm and 280 nm
Get PDFNowadays, determining the protein content of a sample is a common experiment that is conducted in laboratories. Although there are several ways to measure protein content, dye-based spectrophotometric methods are most frequently used in laboratories. In dye-based approaches, protein assays are mostly carried out at a certain wavelength. Protein concentration tests like Lowry’s take a long time; whereas Bradford’s is quick but requires expensive chemicals. In order to reduce the usage of time and money associated with protein assay, we first looked into and then proposed an easy, affordable, and more accurate technique of determining protein concentration that uses standard curves but doesn’t use any dyes. The difference of two UV wavelength absorbance values at 205 nm and 280 nm was used to determine the protein concentration where one absorbance was recorded for the presence of peptide bonds and another for aromatic proteins. The proposed method has many advantages as it consumes minimum time and chemicals but the major setback is anionic detergents, which can shift the absorbance spectra abruptly
Review on Phytopharmacological Activity of Curcuma amada Roxb. (Mango ginger)
Get PDFPlants have been an essential part of our daily lives since early advancement. Since prehistoric times, they’vebeen found and employed in traditional medicine. The plant has been used as a medication for diseases and disorders. Curcuma amada Roxb. (Mango ginger) of the family Zingiberaceae belongs to the genus Curcuma, a beneficial plant in the indigenous system of medicine. It has a significant role in food as well as in pharmaceuticals. Some of its outstanding medical characteristics, including antioxidant, antiviral, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, have been reported. Dermatological issues like eczema, itching, and digestive problems are treated with rhizomes. The plant parts are rich in starch, phenolic acids, curcuminoids, volatile oils, minerals, vitamins and phytoconstituents like labdane diterpene dialdehyde, amadaldehyde, zederone, amadannulen, difurocumenonol. C. amada is used in Ayurveda and Unani medical systems as an aphrodisiac, expectorant, appetizer, diuretic, emollient, antipyretic as well as to treat asthma, skin ailments, itching, biliousness, bronchitis, hiccough, and inflammation caused by accidents. This research focused on the main active ingredients, their biological activities and therapeutic capabilities, traditional use and proven pharmacological aspects that may be important from a pharmacological standpoint