14234 research outputs found
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Exploring Open Science and Research Integrity in the Basic Sciences: Findings from a Qualitative Study
No full textNew forms of Questionable Research Practices (QRPs) and even Research Misconduct (RM) practices are emerging in an open science environment. This work documents this emergence in three very different countries, Brazil, France, and Peru, using semi-structured interviews with researchers working in Biology, Chemistry, and Physics. The significant findings are that the hierarchical structure of academia contributes to the spread of research misconduct, and QRP and open science practices can potentially serve as effective tools for preventing and detecting these issues. Furthermore, it is the hierarchical structure of academia which undermines its effectivity, as behaviours hiding misconducts go unnoticed. The main conclusion is that power relations between different actors in academia are still very present despite the countries' different ethical norms and the researchers' open science practices. The main recommendation is to work on aligning open science policies, and policies on ethics and QRPs
Statistical learning of graphotactic patterns in non-adjacent dependencies: The role of semantic cues in learning article-noun agreements
No full textLearning non-adjacent dependencies (NADs, i.e., the relationship between two elements that are separated temporally or spatially) is crucial for language acquisition. For example, to reach grammatical agreement when pluralising French nouns (e.g., “un stylo /œ̃ stilo/” a pen), learners must learn to use a plural determiner and add a plural marker to the noun (e.g., “des stylos /de stilo/” some pens) even though the noun intervenes between the two plural elements. While the plural markers are non-adjacent, the usage of a particular marker may be context-conditioned (e.g., use -x as a plural marker when nouns end in -ou). Moreover, while these French plural markers are present in the written language they are often not present in the phonology (so-called silent consonants). How do learners learn to produce the correct context-conditioned grammatical markers in written language? Previous research has suggested that infants and adults become sensitive to NADs from passive exposure (e.g., Friederici et al., 2011; Marchetto and Bonatti, 2013), indicating the statistical learning mechanism in its learning process. However, much of the existing literature on NADs focusses on syllable segmentation or artificial grammar learning from auditory input. It remains unclear whether individuals pick up the statistical regularities in NADs from written input. Moreover, more recent research (e.g., Klasen et al., 2023) has shown influence of semantic cues on spellers’ accuracy in spelling inaudible syntactic markers. Spellers were more likely to correctly pluralise nouns than adjectives or verbs in French, as the former is semantically grounded. Through this artificial orthography learning experiment, we aim to uncover: 1) whether adult participants pick up the statistical regularities in NADs from written input through a short exposure and 2) the role of semantic cues in learning NADs in written language
Estimating the Partisan Bias of Japanese Legislative Redistricting Plans Using a Simulation Algorithm
No full textAlthough partisan gerrymandering has been extensively studied in the United States, there exists little empirical research on legislative redistricting in other countries. We investigate the partisan bias of Japanese redistricting, in which a nonpartisan commission---appointed by the Prime Minister and approved by the Diet---draws districting plans. The existence of partisan bias in this setting remains a subject of debate in the literature. We estimate the partisan bias of the 2022 Japanese Lower House redistricting plans with a state-of-the-art redistricting simulation algorithm. By comparing the enacted plan with simulated nonpartisan baseline, we quantify the extent to which the enacted plan favors the ruling coalition. Our analysis shows that the Japanese redistricting process yields little partisan bias at both the prefecture and district levels
2c The mediating role of autonomous need satisfaction, competence need satisfaction, and relational need satisfaction: evidence from weekly diary
No full textAn eight-week weekly study focused on the dynamics of autonomous, competency-based and relational needs satisfaction as an explanatory mechanism over a relatively short period of time
Sexual Desire in the Face of Unmet Sexual Ideals: The Influence of Partner Responsiveness
No full textThis project involves the analysis of previously collected longitudinal data to assess new questions about the relationship between unmet sexual ideals and sexual outcomes. Data used in this study was collected from participants in relationships in the first three months of the COVID-19 pandemic. The surveys were all taken two weeks apart. Participants answered questions about their sexual ideals, sexual desire for their partner, extradyadic sexual desire, and sexual satisfaction, as well as perceived partner sexual responsiveness and sexual communication. Participants number over 3000 and were from over 50 different countries
The role of task-set preparation and modality compatibility in age-related effects on cognitive flexibility: Evidence from task switching
No full textData and script concerning a study investigating how older adults are able to switch between specific stimulus-response modality mappings, and how it is modulated by preparation time: task preparation in crossmodal selective attention (stimulus-response modality compatiblity) using a task-switching paradigm
When autonomy enhances food packaging searching: the role of choice freedom in mitigating the color-flavor incongruency effect
No full textSensory cues from food packaging guide early perceptual processes and expectation-driven visual search, while mismatches between expected and actual information can disrupt search efficiency. Autonomy-the ability to make self-directed choices-may promote flexible adjustment of search strategies, especially when those free choices are aligned with relevant goals. This study examined whether autonomy reduces the negative impact of color–flavor incongruency on visual search (Experiment 1), and whether this effect depends on the relevance of the autonomous choice to the task context (Experiment 2). Participants engaged in immersive visual search trials using 3D-rendered food packaging in a virtual supermarket environment
Does AI have the ability to make value-based food decision similar to Humans? ——A study of food decision using GPT-4o
No full textIt aims to explore AI's value-based food decision making ability within a food choice paradigm to enrich our understanding of AI, providing valuable evidence for further optimizing AI-human interaction