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Wirksamkeit und Partizipation in der Jugendsozialarbeit
No full textJugendberufshilfe wird in Teilen der Literatur als Kontrollsystem verstanden, das zudem fehlende Wirkungsbefunde hat. Wir erforschen anhand von 24 Angeboten der Jugendsozialarbeit im Bereich der Jugendberufshilfe, wie Adressat:innen die Angebote wahrnehmen. Wir zeigen mit quantitativen Daten aus dem Land Berlin (n=192), dass sie die Angebote als wirksam und partizipativ ausgestaltet erleben. Zudem werden benachteiligte Gruppen, obwohl gewisse Unterschiede im Partizipationsempfinden bestehen, insgesamt angemessen adressiert
Introduzione al copyright e all'open access con un focus sui social media. Incontro dedicato agli studenti di comunicazione visiva - Introduction to copyright and open access, with a focus on social media
No full textPresentation by Suzanna Marazz
Individualized cognitive effort to failure does not impact subsequent strenuous physical performance
No full textIntroduction:
The relationship between cognitive tasks and physical performance has garnered significant attention, with evidence suggesting that cognitive effort before exercise may impair physical performance. However, recent findings challenge the robustness of this effect, necessitating a reassessment of the mechanisms linking cognitive load to physical performance. This study introduces a novel approach to address methodological limitations, emphasizing individualized cognitive task difficulty and duration. Using techniques such as Temporal Experience Tracing (TET) and psychophysiological monitoring, we explore the dynamics between cognitive effort, subjective states, and physical performance.
Methods:
In a pre-registered, randomized, within-participant design experiment, 21 recreational athletes completed a running time to exhaustion test at 90% of their maximal aerobic speed after performing a cognitive task until failure or watching a self-selected documentary. Pupillometry and six subjective dimensions were measured with the TET during task performance.
Results:
We found that 1) subjective changes during effortful tasks are not limited to a single experience, such as mental fatigue or boredom, but can be grouped into distinct patterns; 2) the individualized and demanding cognitive task, completed before exercise did not impair subsequent physical performance; 3) pupil size reliably reflected cognitive load and is partially related to changes in subjective states, while fixation on the stimulus decreased over time, especially during high-demand periods.
Conclusion:
These results do not support the effect of performing a highly demanding cognitive task on subsequent strenuous physical performance. Instead, they reveal the richness of the subjective experience linked to cognitive performance that goes beyond mere mental fatigue. Overall, we show a novel way to understand the interplay between cognitive and physical performance
Comfort of family caregivers of oncology patients in home palliative care: a scoping review
No full textUsing mobile assessments to characterize mental and physical health behaviors in youth: the mSanté protocol for a pilot observational intensive longitudinal study
No full textBackground: Lifestyle is a key determinant of physical and mental health. Reducing unhealthy behaviors, such as inadequate sleep, physical inactivity, and poor diet among children and adolescents may prevent serious long-term consequences on physical and mental health. However, empirical evidence on the temporal dynamic interrelationships of multiple behavioral health domains is scarce. Here, we describe the protocol of the mSanté pilot study, which examines the temporal relationships between sleep, physical activity, diet, and emotional states in school-aged youth using ambulatory assessments.
Objective: The objective of the pilot study is to assess the feasibility of prolonged ambulatory assessment within school and clinical samples, and to lay the methodological groundwork for introducing developmental/idiographic models of health behaviors that inform about individual trajectories of risk and resilience.
Methods: We aim to collect data from preadolescent and adolescent youth aged 9-17 years in diverse school and clinical settings. Beyond baseline information on demographic characteristics, health behaviors, social functioning, medical and psychological health, participants will engage in multiple waves of intensive longitudinal assessments on multiple timescales. These will include continuous actigraphy and Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) accompanied by repeated trait-level self-reports. Subsequent analyses will consist of: (1) fragmentation analysis to quantify subject-specific stability; (2) functional principal component analysis using the actigraphy dataset; (3) multilevel regression models to assess specific within-person processes; (4) generalized estimating equations and network modeling to explore the temporal dynamic associations of health behaviors with emotional states.
Results: As of December 2024, we enrolled 13 preadolescent patients from an outpatient unit where recruitment and data collection are still ongoing, as well as 27 preadolescents, and 113 adolescents recruited from schools.
Conclusions: This study delves into the developmental dynamics of mental and physical health in emerging adolescence through detailed, longitudinal momentary assessments, providing valuable insights into the interplay between health behaviors during late childhood and adolescence. Despite challenges such as sample bias, the research sets a significant foundation for future large-scale studies aimed at dissecting the complex developmental trajectories of risk and resilience
Portrait of Solidarity: Prosocial Behavior in Brazil
No full textPortrait of Solidarity is a research project examining how Brazilians participate in various forms of prosocial behavior, such as donating goods and money to non-profit organizations, volunteering, almsgiving, tithing, and donating biological materials like blood, bone marrow, and organs. The study evaluates individuals' preferences and attitudes through survey data first collected in 2023, with updates gathered annually. The project repository offers several resources for researchers, including a user guide with detailed instructions on accessing and utilizing the dataset, a questionnaire, a codebook, and the dataset itself, which contains comprehensive survey responses for analysis. Publications based on survey data will also be made available in the repository. Please ensure the project is appropriately cited when using the dataset. For access to additional variables not included in the repository, you can contact Flávio Pinheiro at [email protected]
R program for 3-level meta-analysis or meta-regression of SMD (Hedges's g) values
No full textWhen viewed as a multilevel model, the standard random-effects model of meta-analysis is a two-level hierarchical model. Typically, the level-1 units comprise the sample within each study, and the level-2 units are the studies. A three-level model involves a further level of structure; for example, the studies may be nested within clusters, Konstantopoulos (2011).
Traditional analysis uses REML-based estimation of the variance components for the random effects and profile-likelihood estimation of their confidence intervals. Our approach uses constant weights based on effective sample sizes (SSW). We apply moment estimation similar to that in analysis of variance, subdividing the total variation into within and between components
Politicized identities: Feminist and working class identities
No full textThe main aim of this study is to test how economic and gender inequalities concerns are associated with the willingness to participate in collective actions and attitudes towards redistribution, through the mediators of politicized identities (i.e, working class and feminist identities). In this research, concerns about those inequalities are predictors of collective actions and attitudes toward redistribution, mediated by the working class and feminist identities (Figure 1)
Language endangerment in Vanuatu: Bislama likely does pose a threat in the world’s most language-diverse country
No full textA quarter of a century has passed since the late Terry Crowley summed up the academic consensus that the creole language Bislama poses no immediate threat to any of Vanuatu’s Indigenous languages. Does this remain true today? Since that time, evidence both quantitative and qualitative has been accumulating that indicates Bislama is indeed gaining ground at the expense of Vanuatu’s Indigenous languages. In a targeted review of this evidence, this article brings together and assesses the insights of linguists, ethnographers, and others on the causal mechanisms that explain an ongoing shift towards Bislama. It thereby provides both a critical analysis of the current state of knowledge and a provisional causal framework for understanding current threats, predicting future threats and, potentially, intervening to prevent future threats. Language endangerment and extinction is a global issue with devastating implications for communities worldwide—one which Vanuatu, the world’s most linguistically diverse country, has thus far remained resilient in the face of. However, this review of the available evidence warns that Bislama will continue to disrupt intergenerational transmission of Indigenous languages unless a suite of inter-related mechanisms can be counteracted