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Temperament, Personality, and Psychopathology in Youth: A Preregistered Multilevel Meta-Analysis and Preregistered Large-Scale Replication and Extension
No full textCHARM - Care, Health and Ageing of Russian-Speaking Minority in Finland
No full textProject collecting panel data on older migrants in Finland. Read more in www.helsinki.fi/char
Sound and meaning: On the duration of Japanese homophones
No full textIt is by now well known that the relation between sound and meaning is much less arbitrary than in the original conception of de Saussure. Yet, whether meaning can directly influence the phonetics of a word, and thus create morphological variation is contentious. In this paper, we will investigate the duration of Japanese homophones to understand whether the meaning of a homophone affects its duration. We do so within the framework of the Discriminative Lexicon. We calculate measures to predict word forms from meanings, and use these measures in a statistical analysis to predict the duration of homophones. We found that meaning predicts the duration of a word, and also the duration of a mora. Furthermore we found that the duration of a homophone additionally depends on the density of its semantic neighborhood
Flake Production: A Universal Byproduct of Primate Stone Percussion.
No full textData and code for the preprint A Universal Byproduct of Primate Stone Percussion
Care for the Soul of Science: Equity and Virtue in Reform and Reformation
No full textIn order to build legitimacy, we argue that reform movements need to make their moral programmes visible and account for their value-prioritisation . To support such reflection on moral programmes, we compare moral programs of the protestant Reformation and the reform movement in science. We argue that moral programs play a crucial role in shaping science, and different moral programs offer different promises for sustained support of credible, reliable, fair, and equitable science. We primarily discuss the virtue and equity programmes and through interrogating both reform programmes in relation to the Reformation, we seek to display the relevance of sociopolitical contexts for how key values operate in science and how they generate orders of worth. These conversations will allow us to determine when and where which moral programme would serve us and others best
Systematic review: The reliability of indicators that may differentiate between suicidal, homicidal, and accidental sharp force wounds [peer reviewed]]
No full textThis protocol aims to address two metaresearch questions: what do we know about the science underlying impactful legal decisions and how can we assess this evidence efficiently and accurately, such that it is usable for courts? To do so, this protocol describes our plan for a systematic review of the literature underlying whether there are reliable indicators of the manner of death in stab wound cases. Evidence of nature was recently found admissible at the High Court of Australia in Lang v The Queen. However, despite the High Court uncritically accepting this evidence, there has never been a systematic review that critically appraises the relevant literature. Beyond the review itself, we will fully document our process and all of the time-saving tools we rely on to provide knowledge about whether systematic reviews of this nature can be efficiently deployed in legal proceedings
Micro-narratives: A Scalable Method for Eliciting Stories of People’s Lived Experience
No full textEngaging with people’s lived experiences is foundational for HCI
research and design. This paper introduces a novel narrative elicitation
method to empower people to easily articulate ‘micro-narratives’
emerging from their lived experiences, irrespective of their writing
ability or background. Our approach aims to enable at-scale collection
of rich, co-created datasets that highlight target populations’
voices with minimal participant burden, while precisely addressing
specific research questions. To pilot this idea, and test its feasibility,
we: (i) developed an AI-powered prototype, which leverages
LLM-chaining to scaffold the cognitive steps necessary for users’
narrative articulation; (ii) deployed it in three mixed-methods studies
involving over 380 users; and (iii) consulted with established
academics as well as C-level staff at (inter)national non-profits to
map out potential applications. Both qualitative and quantitative
findings show the acceptability and promise of the micro-narrative
method, while also identifying the ethical and safeguarding considerations
necessary for any at-scale deployments
High Accuracy with Low Costs: The Pretrain-Finetune Paradigm for Classification with Transformer-based Language Models
No full textPolitical science research increasingly relies on text classification to gauge subtle concepts like toxicity or anger. However, common methods treat words and phrases in isolation, ignoring the relational dynamics where meaning is embedded in the interaction between phrases and their textual environment. Recent transformer- based language models overcome such limitations, but are rarely used in published political science articles, possibly due to misconceptions about their data and computational requirements. To bridge this gap, this article explains the pretrain- finetune paradigm for transformer-based language models and its potential to improve text analysis in political science by harnessing robust models trained on extensive datasets while requiring relatively small amounts of labeled data and computational resources from researchers. To demonstrate its effectiveness, I employ the approach to identify toxic language in conversation threads following U.S. Senators’ tweets
