14234 research outputs found
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Violências interseccionais e saúde de mulheres migrantes no Brasil e brasileiras no exterior: revisão de escopo
No full textO tema da migração entre mulheres é de extrema relevância para o cuidado em saúde em situações de violências. Portanto, o objetivo desta revisão é analisar as evidências científicas sobre a saúde e as expressões das violências interseccionais contra mulheres migrantes no Brasil e brasileiras no exterior. Portanto, a questão de pesquisa é: Quais são as evidências científicas sobre a saúde e as expressões das violências contra mulheres migrantes no Brasil e brasileiras no exterior? As bases de dados são Scielo, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane, PubMed. Os critérios de inclusão são: Artigos, teses e dissertações que abordam exclusivamente mulheres (jovens a partir dos 18 anos, adultas e idosas) migrantes no Brasil e as brasileiras no exterior e as violências sofridas por elas; documentos que estejam online e disponíveis na íntegra, na língua portuguesa, inglesa ou espanhola. Os critérios de exclusão são: documentos que tratam de temas que não são fazem parte do escopo da pesquisa; que versam sobre homens e mulheres, ou crianças e adolescentes; não estejam disponíveis na íntegra. As análises serão realizadas com embasamentos teóricos da feminização das migrações, dos estudos feministas decoloniais e da interseccionalidade
Hatred Takes An Ideologue: Recognizable Belief Patterns Lead to More Animosity and Disagreement
No full textAn expanding body of evidence indicates that substantive disagreement fuels political animosity. However, pundits often use terms like 'ideological disagreement' to describe a broad range of phenomena, diverging from how the concept is understood in classical Conversian literature on beliefs and their structures. This literature suggests that individuals do not uniformly hold or organize their opinions. Building on this foundation, I argue for a critical distinction between disagreements among ideologues—who are opinionated and aligned in their beliefs—and disagreements among others. I hypothesize that disagreements among ideologues result in higher expected disagreement and greater mutual animosity. To test this hypothesis, I conducted two survey experiments with representative U.S. samples (N = 2,000 each, in January 2024 and May 2024). Using evaluations of hypothetical profiles of fellow citizens, I demonstrate that opinionatedness and ideological alignment of beliefs significantly reduce interpersonal affinity in contexts of disagreement. In the first study, disagreements with centrists elicit nearly four times less animosity than disagreements with opinionated counterparts. Furthermore, ideological alignment generates almost three times more intense negative feelings at equivalent levels of substantive disagreement. In the second study, I find that ideologically aligned individuals anticipate higher levels of disagreement with one another compared to non-ideologues, when they observe the same level of disagreement as them. This effect is particularly pronounced among ideologues capable of recognizing ideological patterns in others' beliefs. These findings highlight the role of opinionatedness and recognizable belief structures, offering a new approach that is generalizable to other divided democracies.
Baseline machine learning prediction of 2-year remission from anxiety, depression, and eating disorders among college students after population-based guided self-help: A secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial
No full textRepository for code and supplementary material for model development and validatio
The Processing of L1 and L2 Semi-Negative Sentences
No full textThis repository contains the data and materials for a research paper entitled The Processing of L1 and L2 Semi-Negative Sentences
Global Evidence on Gender Gaps and Generative AI
No full textGenerative AI has the potential to transform productivity and reduce inequality, but only if adopted broadly. In this paper, we show that recently identified gender gaps in generative AI use are nearly universal. Synthesizing data from 18 studies covering more than 140,000 individuals across the world, combined with estimates of the gender share of the hundreds of millions of users of popular generative AI platforms, we demonstrate that the gender gap in generative AI usage holds across nearly all regions, sectors, and occupations. Using newly collected data, we also document that this gap remains even when access to try this new technology is improved, highlighting the need for further research into the gap’s underlying causes. If this global disparity persists, it risks creating a self-reinforcing cycle: women’s underrepresentation in generative AI usage would lead to systems trained on data that inadequately sample women’s preferences and needs, ultimately widening existing gender disparities in technology adoption and economic opportunity
Can Generative AI Chatbots Emulate Human Connection? A Relationship Science Perspective
No full textThe development of generative AI capable of sustaining complex conversations has created a burgeoning market for companion chatbots promising social and emotional connection. The appeal of these products raises questions about whether chatbots can fulfill the functions of close relationships. Proponents argue that relationships with chatbots can be as meaningful as relationships between humans, whereas critics argue they are a dangerous distraction from genuine connections. This analysis applies theoretical tools from over 50 years of research on close relationships to evaluate the extent to which human-chatbot interactions meet the definition of and fulfill the functions of close relationships. Interactions between humans and chatbots possess some characteristic features of close relationships: humans and chatbots can influence each other, and engage in frequent and diverse conversations over time. Chatbots can be responsive in ways humans perceive as supportive, generating feelings of connection and opportunities for growth. Yet because chatbots make only superficial requests of their users, relationships with them cannot provide the benefits of negotiating with and sacrificing for a partner, and may reinforce undesirable behaviors. Research that attends to characteristics of users, chatbots, and their interactions will be crucial for identifying for whom these relationships will be beneficial or harmful
Advancing and integrating U.S. climate and health policies: Insights from national policy stakeholders
No full textThis research project, funded by the Wellcome Trust, drew on qualitative interviews with key stakeholders to identify opportunities to advance and integrate federal climate and health policy in the U.S. It is part of an international collaboration spanning six geographies, coordinated by the George Mason University Center for Climate Change Communication