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Rhythmic Sampling and Competition of Target and Distractor Representations in Visual Sensory Memory
No full textRecent studies suggest that sustained visual attention operates rhythmically, as if the visual system periodically samples stimuli in the environment. Here we present evidence for rhythmic sampling of internal representations of targets and distractors up to one second after visual stimulation offset. Twenty participants performed an anticipatory object-based visual attention task involving a short-lasting (50 msec) target object image. This task was made more challenging by the overlaid presentation of a distractor object image. We conducted a decoding analysis on stimulus-evoked EEG to measure target and distractor information over the stimulus epoch, which extended almost 1000 msec beyond the visual stimulus offset. We found that the magnitudes of target and distractor information represented in brain activity after the offset of the visual stimuli oscillated in the theta frequency range (4-8 Hz). This oscillatory period accords with previous characterizations of rhythmic attentional sampling of continuously visually presented stimuli. Moreover, greater target-distractor theta band phase differences correlated with improved task performance. Our findings show that: 1. Attention separately samples target and distractor representations in sensory memory; 2. These separately sampled streams of information may mutually inhibit one another; and 3. Target discrimination improves when target and distractor sampling rhythms are desynchronized
Occupational Earning Potential: A new measure of social hierarchy in Europe and the US
No full textSocial stratification is interested in unequal life chances and assumes the existence of a hierarchy of more or less advantageous occupations. Yet occupations are not easily translated into a linear hierarchical measure. Influential scales combine multiple indicators and lack intuitive interpretation. We therefore present a new scale based on occupations’ earnings potential (OEP). OEP measures the median earnings of occupations and expresses them as percentiles of the overall earnings structure: if mechanics earn the national median wage, their OEP is 50. We construct national OEP scales using annual microdata pooled over several decades for Germany, Sweden, Switzerland, the UK and the US. Consistent with the Treiman constant, these national scales are highly correlated over time and across countries, justifying the use of one common OEP scale. When applied to another European dataset, the common OEP scale explains a quarter of the variance in earnings—and works as well for men as women and as well for countries used to construct the scale as for other countries. Moreover, it is associated with the causes (education) and consequences (social mobility) that the theory expects. OEP thereby provides a simple and parsimonious indicator of economic advantage that can be meaningfully interpreted
Disability and idea generation - Robustness check for control conditions
No full textAs part of a provisional acceptance from Administrative Science Quarterly, one reviewer was concerned about the control condition we used in our Study 3. S/he was worried that we are providing different amounts of information compared to the experimental conditions and that this could cause our effects. To address this concern, we design this study to test the equivalence of our original control study and four alternative control conditions
Mock Jurors Attitudes Towards Child Chronological Age and History of Grooming Prior to Child Sexual Abuse
No full textPrevious research suggests that, though mock jurors mistrust testimony given by younger (i.e., under 10-years-old) victims of child sexual abuse (CSA), negative attitudes towards older victims (i.e., over 12-years-old) are stronger, and in turn, significantly reduce conviction rates (Tabak & Klettke, 2014). Moreover, pre-abuse grooming (e.g., boundary pushing), which 99% of victims experience, negatively affects attorney attitude development (Winters et al., 2024). Despite the high occurrence of grooming, no empirical research has examined how grooming affects mock juror attitudes towards victims/defendants. The current study examines the effects of victim age and grooming on mock juror attitudes and decision-making in a CSA trial utilizing a 2 (Victim age: 9 vs. 14-years-old) x 2 (Grooming: present vs. absent) between-subjects design. Participants will read a mock trial vignette, respond to attitude-related measures (e.g., victim/defendant culpability), and render a verdict. I hypothesize that as victim age increases, the presence of grooming will increase mock jurors’ negative attitudes towards the victim, leading to increased victim blame/culpability and reduced victim credibility
Data and code from: 'Resource availability and experiences of partner violence shape facial masculinity preferences in Colombian women'
No full textThis repository contains all data, code, and step by step explanations for all analyses, figures and tables
(including supplementary figures and tables)
The Dynamics of Seeking Environmental Support: General and Aging Effects
No full textWe used eye-tracking to assess which factors determine whether or not task cues are used and why old adults use cues to a much greater degree than young adults
A Review of the Prevalence and Trends Over Time in Replication Studies in Communication Sciences and Disorders
No full textThe current study will provide an overview and assess changes in replications of communication sciences and disorders (CSD) research, as published in American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) Journals, since 1936 to 2024
Social Organization of Entrepreneurial Communities – A Scoping Review
No full textThis protocol outlines a scoping review aimed at mapping and synthesizing theoretical and empirical research on the structural organization of entrepreneurial communities. These communities are increasingly recognized for their role in fostering innovation, collaboration, and localized development, yet the literature remains fragmented regarding how they are internally structured. The review will explore both objective elements (e.g., physical spaces, agents, events) and subjective dimensions (e.g., identity, cultural values, narratives). Following the JBI methodology and PRISMA-ScR guidelines, the review will include studies across geographical and cultural contexts, analyzing various types of entrepreneurial communities, including rural, ethnic, innovation-based, and social enterprises. The review’s results will inform future empirical studies and policy design by offering a typology of structural elements and identifying critical gaps in the literature