14234 research outputs found
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Cognitive distortions are associated with increasing political polarization
No full text"Cognitive distortions are associated with increasing political polarization"
by Andy Edinger, Johan Bollen, Hernán A. Makse, and Matteo Serafin
Changes in individual PTSD symptoms among youth in trauma treatment.
No full textBackground: Even though evidence-based treatment is generally effective in reducing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among youth, many still experience elevated symptoms after treatment. A better understanding of how PTSD develops through treatment can increase treatment efficiency and reduce residual symptoms. Objective: The current study investigated which PTSD symptom clusters and symptoms within these clusters that change the most and least through trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy (TF-CBT) and identified common residual symptoms after treatment. Method: Latent growth curve modelling was used to identify differences in intercepts and slopes of symptoms, and residual symptoms were identified with McNemar tests in a sample of 517 youth (6 -19 years, 75.6% girls) receiving TF-CBT. Results: We found small but statistically significant differences in slopes across clusters. Avoidance both reduced the most and demonstrated most residual symptoms. Also, within clusters, many of the symptoms that reduced the most, such as psychological cue reactivity, persistent negative emotional state, and difficulties sleeping and concentrating, had the highest symptom levels at pretreatment and the most residuals posttreatment. Conclusions: Overall, symptoms of PTSD were reduced throughout TF-CBT. Symptoms that were rated highest at treatment start showed the most decrease but also tended to remain as common residuals. Symptoms such as psychological cue reactivity, persistent negative emotional state, and negative beliefs that were common residuals and are known to be central in development and maintenance of PTSD are of particular clinical relevance. Elaborate research on short-term symptom development and mechanisms of change is needed to advance the field
The role of inhibitory control in garden-path sentence processing: A Chinese-English bilingual perspective
No full textAssociations of neighborhood threat and deprivation with psychopathology: Uncovering neural mechanisms
No full textBackground
Dimensional models of adversity have primarily focused on proximal experiences (e.g., child abuse and neglect). Adopting a more distal lens by assessing dimensions of neighborhood environments could help identify broader contextual features that influence psychopathology across the lifespan and mechanisms underlying these associations. The current study examines associations of dimensions of neighborhood environments with psychopathology symptoms along with potential emotion, cognitive, and neural mechanisms central to dimensional models of adversity.
Method
The ABCD sample included 11,868 participants aged 9-10 across 21 sites in the U.S. Associations were examined for neighborhood indicators of threat and deprivation with emotion processing (adaptation to emotional conflict, task-active ROIs for emotional n-back), cognition (EF and task-active ROIs for the stop-signal task), and neural function (rs-fc of amygdala to resting state network connectivity and within-network rs connectivity). Mixed effect models nesting within family and site assessed indirect effects for neighborhood and symptoms.
Results
Indirect effects of neighborhood deprivation across symptom domains through EF were observed. Neighborhood deprivation, but not threat, had an indirect effect on psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) through within-retrosplenial temporal and within-dorsal attention network connectivity. Indirect effects for only neighborhood threat were observed with attention difficulties/internalizing problems/PLEs, through default mode within-network connectivity, with PLEs through visual network within-network connectivity, and with PLEs/externalizing symptoms through amygdala to sensorimotor network connectivity.
Conclusion
Results provide insights into neural and cognitive processes underlying observed links between different neighborhood components and psychopathology, with implications for prevention and intervention efforts at the individual and contextual level
Occupational health discourses
No full textA scoping review of the literature from 1990 to 2024. The aim of this review is to characterize occupational health discourses about the role of power in work. Three questions guide this research:
1. What discourses exist in occupational health about the causes of disparities in work exposures and health outcomes?
2. To what degree do discourses in occupational health explicitly use the term power used to describe work relations and the causes of disparities in work exposures and health outcome in occupational health?.
3. How and in what ways have discourses related to power in occupational health changed over time?
By characterizing the discourses, this study will illuminate the theoretical underpinnings of many issues, concepts, and strategies used in occupational health that can advance (or hinder) efforts to improve well- being among workers. This new knowledge will guide future directions for research, policy, and occupational health education
Confrontational Forms of Protest and Support for Climate Action
No full textClimate protests are on the rise, demanding urgent action from governments and the public. As more recent climate protests often employ disruptive methods, such as food throwing, airport and road blockades, their effects on progressive climate action support remain relatively understudied. Our preregistered study aims to address this gap by evaluating the effects of three factors: 1) the level of protest disruption (peaceful, road blockages), 2) the level of police involvement (no police, peaceful, violent) and 3) perceived personal costs (no cost, high cost) to bystanders on two key outcomes: a) the perceived salience of climate issues and b) support for climate action protests
School Meritocracy
No full textDevelopment and validation of a scale of school meritocracy as a multidimensional construct by exploratory and confirmatory bifactor modelin
Caregiver Consent in Research on Minors: Towards an Inclusive, Hybrid Approach
No full textMost research with minors currently requires active caregiver consent. This is important as minors may lack the power, education, and resources to protect themselves. Yet, this approach comes at a big cost: it reduces research quality—reducing participation rates and leading to biased samples—and unduly restrains youth’s right to informed, autonomous decision-making. This goes against the best interest and rights of youth, their caregivers, and society at large. In this commentary, we propose a hybrid research ethics strategy, which may help to strike a better balance between meeting ethical responsibilities (protecting minors from involuntary or unconsented participation) and safeguarding research quality and youth’s right to autonomous decisionmaking. This strategy allows the use of active, informed consent from caregivers where needed, and ‘passive’ (opt-out) consent in cases where youth can make autonomous and well-informed decisions to participate in research
Data for 'Predicted action-effects shape action representation through pre-activation of alpha oscillations'
No full textWe studied the time course and neural underpinnings of action-effect prediction, and the role of action-effect prediction in the action binding effect
Population-based multistate modelling of peritraumatic opioid use among trauma patients from the Norwegian Trauma Registry
No full textThis national retrospective cohort study, on an individual basis, combines 2015-2018 Norwegian Trauma Registry data (n=26562) with Norwegian Prescription Database data on all prescription drugs dispensed during the year before and two years after injury, to describe peritraumatic patterns of opioid use and elucidate reasons for long-term opioid use among trauma patients