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The Method of Loci: Evaluating the effectiveness of the Dominic System compared to the Major mnemonic system and rehearsal method
No full textThis randomised controll trial aims to evaluate the effectiveness of three mnemonic strategies—the Dominic System, the Major Mnemonic System, and rehearsal in immediate recall of four-digit number combinations. Participants will encode 15 four-digit combinations using one of these strategies and their recall performance will be compared across groups.
The primary hypothesis is that the Dominic System will lead to superior recall performance compared to the Major System and rehearsal. Additionally, recall performance will be analyzed for each digit pair within the combinations, and correlations will be explored between recall scores and various cognitive tests (WAIS-III, WMS-III, TMT-B, and Corsi block-tapping). Exploratory analyses will assess recall rates at individual locations, proactive and retroactive interference between sets of locations, and potential qualitative features that may influence recall performance
A Metatheory of Classical and Modern Connectionism
No full textContemporary AI models owe much of their success and discontents to connectionism, a framework in cognitive science that has been (and continues to be) highly influential. Herein, we analyze artificial neural networks (ANNs): a) when used as scientific instruments of study; and b) when functioning as emergent arbiters of the zeitgeist in the cognitive, computational, and neural sciences. Building on our previous work with respect to analogizing between ANNs and cognition, brains, or behaviour (Guest & Martin, 2023), we use metatheoretical analysis techniques (Guest, 2024), including formal logic, to characterise two distinct tendencies within connectionism that we dub classical and modern, with divergent properties, e.g. goals, mechanisms, scientific questions. We also demonstrate how we, as a field, often fail to follow important lines of argument to their end --- this results in a paradoxical praxis. By engaging more deeply with (meta)theory surrounding ANNs, our field can obviate the cycle of AI winters and summers, which need not be inevitable
Development of symptoms of emotional problems from childhood to adolescence: a longitudinal network analysis
No full textBackground: Epidemiological studies document increasing incident rates of mental disorders across childhood and adolescence, with mood and anxiety disorders particularly increasing among adolescent females. Research also indicates that these emotional problems have become more prevalent in recent decades. Yet, there is still a lack of understanding of the interrelated development of distinct emotional symptoms from childhood to adolescence. Methods: Here, we investigate and compare symptom dynamics in males and females. To accomplish this, we leveraged longitudinal data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) study (N = 9338, 50.1% males at baseline). We used five items (worries, unhappy, nervous, fearful, somatic complaints) derived from the parent-reported Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) emotional problems scale, measured at seven timepoints (mean age = 9.52, range = 4.0-18.3 years old, N observations = 15,443). We estimated a panel Graphical Vector Autoregressive network model (GVAR) and statistically compared the networks of males and females.
Results: The temporal network, reflecting how temporal fluctuations predict one another, showed that almost all symptoms predicted future values and were reciprocally associated over time, with the strongest edges between fearful-nervous and unhappy-worries. Somatic complaints were however only predicted by fearful across time. The contemporaneous network, reflecting within-person associations between symptoms within the same measurement window, and the between-person network, showed similar structures, although with fewer and stronger associations in the latter, highlighting trait-like differences across development. The networks of males and females were not statistically different, indicating similar symptom associations across development for both sexes.
Conclusions: the study delineates the developmental dynamics of emotional problem symptoms across childhood and adolescence, highlighting bidirectional influences between core symptoms of depression and anxiety, but did not find support for sex differences in their developmental interrelatedness
Political Entertainment
No full textThe psychological mechanisms that govern the selection and processing of political entertainment are different from those of more traditional political content. These unique mechanisms suggest lower argument scrutiny and resistance from the audience. By bypassing these barriers to persuasion, political entertainment can shape political knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, and behavior in ways that can have wider implications for individuals, society, and democracy. In this entry, we not only discuss the psychological mechanisms that make political entertainment unique, but also explicate the different approaches to defining political entertainment and its effects on sociopolitical outcomes
Are Good Leaders also Green Leaders? Differentiating Established and Environmental Leadership Styles, their Antecedents, and Predictive Validity for Corporate Environmental Responsiveness - Electronic Supplementary
No full textThis is the Electronic Supplementary to the following article:
Schäpers, P., Guntermann, T., Heinemann, H., & Mönke, F. W. (in press). Are good leaders also green leaders? Differentiating established and environmental leadership styles, their antecedents, and predictive validity for corporate environmental responsiveness. Business Ethics, the Environment & Responsibility
"Contribuição do enfermeiro na prescrição da Profilaxia Pré-Exposição ao Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana na Atenção Primária à Saúde: uma revisão de escopo."
No full textEste trabalho será uma revisão de escopo que tem como proposta desenvolver uma tecnologia em saúde na forma de um manual instrucional de apoio ao enfermeiro. A pesquisa será desenvolvida por meio de uma revisão de escopo, seguindo as diretrizes do Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Reviewers' Manual e do Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (Tricco et al., 2018; Aromataris; Munn, 2020)
IS THE ACCELERATED EXPANSION OF THE UNIVERSE RESPONSIBLE FOR THE EMERGENCE OF THE FINE-STRUCTURE CONSTANT (1/137)?
No full textIn this contribution, it is shown how the fine-structure constant emerges when two systems interact, one of which, light, perceives the universe as static due to not experiencing the passage of time, while the other, matter, experiences accelerated expansion. In this way, the fine-structure constant can be related to the rate of expansion of the universe; can thus be expressed through the ratio of the theoretical radius of the universe ≈ 13,6 Gly to the measured radius ≈ 46,5 Gly.
= (/)^4 ≈ (13,6 Gly/46,5 Gly)^4 ≈ 1/137 (1.21)
From the above, it is clear that, since the rate of expansion of the universe has not remained constant over time, the value of the fine-structure constant must also have changed (unless there is over time a proportional variation of the speed of light ), as have other physical constants and quantities. This implies that physical laws have not remained unchanged throughout the history of the universe. Regarding the spatial variation of , the issue is more complex and falls outside the scope of this work