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In vitro propagation of Dahlia sp. using different types of explants and plant growth regulators (PGR): In vitro propagation of Dahlia sp.
No full textDahlia sp., a family of Compositeae has potential value as an alternative food and medicinal plant. Its tubers contain carbs, fiber, and many other beneficial substances. Dahlia sp. can be propagated via in vitro culture to create uniform seeds, free from pests and pathogens, more stable, and can be scale up in a short time. The addition of cytokinin and auxins in the media can stimulate the shoot formation of Dahlia sp planlets. This research aimed to determine the growth response of Dahlia sp. cultures on DKW (Driver and Kuniyuki Walnut) medium supplemented with BAP, kinetin, 2-iP, and NAA and to identify the best type of explant used for the micropropagation of Dahlia sp. The experimental design was a completely randomized factorial design, with factors tested: type of explant (apical shoots, middle and basal nodes), and plant growth regulator combination between cytokinins (BAP, Kinetin, and 2-iP ) and auxin (NAA) at 0 and 1 mg/L. The result demonstrated that the DKW medium supplemented with 1 mg/L 2-iP and 1 mg/L NAA using middle nodes as explants produced the highest values for shoot height, number of shoots, number of roots, fresh weight, and dry weight variables. Apical shoots explant cultured on DKW medium supplemented with 1 mg/L Kinetin and 0 mg/L NAA produced the highest number of leaves and were significantly different from the others.Dahlia sp., a family of Compositeae has potential value as an alternative food and medicinal plant. Its tubers contain carbs, fiber, and many other beneficial substances. Dahlia sp. can be propagated via in vitro culture to create uniform seeds, free from pests and pathogens, more stable, and can be scale up in a short time. The addition of cytokinin and auxins in the media can stimulate the shoot formation of Dahlia sp planlets. This research aimed to determine the growth response of Dahlia sp. cultures on DKW (Driver and Kuniyuki Walnut) medium supplemented with BAP, kinetin, 2-iP, and NAA and to identify the best type of explant used for the micropropagation of Dahlia sp. The experimental design was a completely randomized factorial design, with factors tested: type of explant (apical shoots, middle and basal nodes), and plant growth regulator combination between cytokinins (BAP, Kinetin, and 2-iP ) and auxin (NAA) at 0 and 1 mg/L. The result demonstrated that the DKW medium supplemented with 1 mg/L 2-iP and 1 mg/L NAA using middle nodes as explants produced the highest values for shoot height, number of shoots, number of roots, fresh weight, and dry weight variables. Apical shoots explant cultured on DKW medium supplemented with 1 mg/L Kinetin and 0 mg/L NAA produced the highest number of leaves and were significantly different from the others
Environment and storage period for conservation of surinam cherry seeds (Eugenia uniflora L.)
Get PDFThe Surinam cherry tree is a native Brazilian fruit tree with potential for use in several segments. Normally, it is propagated by seeds, but its biggest obstacle is the fact that it is recalcitrant, making its germination capacity unviable if stored in an unsuitable environment. The objective of this work was to evaluate the viability of Surinam cherry seeds stored under natural environmental conditions and freezing and cooling temperatures, in three different packages (ziplock, kraft paper and vacuum) during nine periods (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 60 and 90 days). The study was carried out at UTFPR - Campus Dois Vizinhos. The experimental design used was completely randomized, adopting analysis for each type of packaging in a 3 x 9 factorial scheme (storage temperature x period), with four replications of 50 seeds per experimental unit. The germination, germination speed index and average germination time were analyzed. According to the results, the Surinam cherry seeds lost their viability in Kraft paper, vacuum and ziplock packaging from the thirtieth day onwards when kept in natural and cooling conditions. The seeds did not tolerate the use of freezing temperatures, regardless of the maintenance period. Under natural conditions, using Kraft paper packaging, germination remained above 40% up to five days, different from other environments, in which vacuum and ziplock remained up to 15 days in natural conditions and, from 25 to 30 days under cooling, respectively.The Surinam cherry tree is a native Brazilian fruit tree with potential for use in several segments. Normally, it is propagated by seeds, but its biggest obstacle is the fact that it is recalcitrant, making its germination capacity unviable if stored in an unsuitable environment. The objective of this work was to evaluate the viability of Surinam cherry seeds stored under natural environmental conditions and freezing and cooling temperatures, in three different packages (ziplock, kraft paper and vacuum) during nine periods (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 60 and 90 days). The study was carried out at UTFPR - Campus Dois Vizinhos. The experimental design used was completely randomized, adopting analysis for each type of packaging in a 3 x 9 factorial scheme (storage temperature x period), with four replications of 50 seeds per experimental unit. The germination, germination speed index and average germination time were analyzed. According to the results, the Surinam cherry seeds lost their viability in Kraft paper, vacuum and ziplock packaging from the thirtieth day onwards when kept in natural and cooling conditions. The seeds did not tolerate the use of freezing temperatures, regardless of the maintenance period. Under natural conditions, using Kraft paper packaging, germination remained above 40% up to five days, different from other environments, in which vacuum and ziplock remained up to 15 days in natural conditions and, from 25 to 30 days under cooling, respectively
Silicon in the management of bacterial wilt in three tomato varieties
Get PDFThe effect of silicon (Si) supplementation on tomato seedling production of ‘Santa Clara’, ‘TY 2006’ and ‘Yoshimatsu 4-11’ cultivars (cvs.) was evaluated, aiming at the management of bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum (Rs). Seedlings of the three cvs. were produced in substrate without silicon (-Si) or with 3 g of calcium silicate/kg of substrate (+Si) and transplanted to soil with Rs (+Rs). The resistance components evaluated for 15 days were: incidence (INC) and severity (SEV), with calculation of the bacterial wilt index (BWI) and area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC). Additional variables analyzed included: plant growth, fresh and dry mass, reactive chlorophyll index, Si content in leaf tissues and Rs population in the stem. The enzymatic activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyases (PAL), β-1,3 glucanases (GLU) and peroxidases (POX) were measured in the three cultivars produced in substrates (+Si) and (-Si) at the times: 0 to 96 h after transplanting. Si supplementation in the ‘Santa Clara’ and ‘TY 2006’ cultivars led to a reduction in the disease evaluated by SEV (33.2 and 42%) and BWI (21.7 and 10%), respectively. Si supplementation in the substrate did not affect growth, chlorophyll index, Si accumulation in the leaf or the Rs population in the stem tissues. Higher PAL and GLU enzymatic activity was observed at some moments in the three cultivars. Thus, tomato seedling production in substrate with Si can be a component in bacterial wilt management.The effect of silicon (Si) supplementation on tomato seedling production of ‘Santa Clara’, ‘TY 2006’ and ‘Yoshimatsu 4-11’ cultivars (cvs.) was evaluated, aiming at the management of bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum (Rs). Seedlings of the three cvs. were produced in substrate without silicon (-Si) or with 3 g of calcium silicate/kg of substrate (+Si) and transplanted to soil with Rs (+Rs). The resistance components evaluated for 15 days were: incidence (INC) and severity (SEV), with calculation of the bacterial wilt index (BWI) and area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC). Additional variables analyzed included: plant growth, fresh and dry mass, reactive chlorophyll index, Si content in leaf tissues and Rs population in the stem. The enzymatic activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyases (PAL), β-1,3 glucanases (GLU) and peroxidases (POX) were measured in the three cultivars produced in substrates (+Si) and (-Si) at the times: 0 to 96 h after transplanting. Si supplementation in the ‘Santa Clara’ and ‘TY 2006’ cultivars led to a reduction in the disease evaluated by SEV (33.2 and 42%) and BWI (21.7 and 10%), respectively. Si supplementation in the substrate did not affect growth, chlorophyll index, Si accumulation in the leaf or the Rs population in the stem tissues. Higher PAL and GLU enzymatic activity was observed at some moments in the three cultivars. Thus, tomato seedling production in substrate with Si can be a component in bacterial wilt management
Jabuticaba-açu peel flour: effects of Drying on Proximate and Bioactive Compounds
Get PDFThe jabuticaba (Plinia cauliflora) is a tropical fruit valued for its sensory and nutritional benefits; however, its use is limited due to its susceptibility to spoilage during transport and storage. This study aims to identify the drying conditions for jabuticaba peel to produce flour high in anthocyanins and antioxidant activity, while also examining its physicochemical characteristics. Fruits were collected from properties in Guaraciaba and São Miguel do Oeste in the western region of Santa Catarina, Brazil. The peels were dried using a forced air circulation oven at three different temperatures (40°C, 50°C, and 60°C) and freeze-drying. Both the resulting flours and in natura peels were analyzed for centesimal composition, pH, water activity, anthocyanin content, antioxidant activity, and total polyphenols. Results showed that the 60ºC and freeze-dried samples exhibited higher antioxidant capacities, indicating their potential for food industry applications.The jabuticaba (Plinia cauliflora) is a tropical fruit valued for its sensory and nutritional benefits; however, its use is limited due to its susceptibility to spoilage during transport and storage. This study aims to identify the drying conditions for jabuticaba peel to produce flour high in anthocyanins and antioxidant activity, while also examining its physicochemical characteristics. Fruits were collected from properties in Guaraciaba and São Miguel do Oeste in the western region of Santa Catarina, Brazil. The peels were dried using a forced air circulation oven at three different temperatures (40°C, 50°C, and 60°C) and freeze-drying. Both the resulting flours and in natura peels were analyzed for centesimal composition, pH, water activity, anthocyanin content, antioxidant activity, and total polyphenols. Results showed that the 60ºC and freeze-dried samples exhibited higher antioxidant capacities, indicating their potential for food industry applications
Exploring the role of phytohormones in modulating in vitro orchid growth
Get PDFOrchids have a high ornamental potential due to their diversity of colors, shapes, and sizes. However, improper extraction by traders and collectors can lead to the risk of these species\u27 extinction. Therefore, this research aimed to evaluate the use of naphthaleneacetic acid (ANA) and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) in the in vitro growth of Pseudolaelia corcovadensis, Macradenia paraensis, and Maxillaria brasiliensis. The experiment was carried out in the Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory with endemic orchids: Pseudolaelia corcovadensis, Macradenia paraensis, and Maxillaria brasiliensis. The experiment was set up in a completely randomized design in a 4 x 3 factorial scheme, with a total of 12 treatments and 10 replications each: T0 - MS medium (100%); T1 - MS medium (100%) + 0.5 mg L-1of ANA; T2 - MS medium (100%) + 0.5 mg L(-1) of ANA and 0.5 mg L(-1) of BAP; and T4 - MS medium (100%) + 0.5 mg L(-1) of BAP. The treatments were performed using MS medium, and the plants were kept in laboratory conditions until 120 days of age, when contamination and growth were assessed. The statistical analysis highlighted a high rate of contamination during the repotting cycles. Even with contamination, the orchids showed vegetative growth using phytohormones. This observation allows us to conclude that 100% MS medium should be used for Maxillaria brasiliensis, and 100% MS medium + 0.5 mg L-1ANA proved to be the most satisfactory for Macradenia paraensis and Pseudolaelia corcovadensis.Orchids have a high ornamental potential due to their diversity of colors, shapes, and sizes. However, improper extraction by traders and collectors can lead to the risk of these species\u27 extinction. Therefore, this research aimed to evaluate the use of naphthaleneacetic acid (ANA) and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) in the in vitro growth of Pseudolaelia corcovadensis, Macradenia paraensis, and Maxillaria brasiliensis. The experiment was carried out in the Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory with endemic orchids: Pseudolaelia corcovadensis, Macradenia paraensis, and Maxillaria brasiliensis. The experiment was set up in a completely randomized design in a 4 x 3 factorial scheme, with a total of 12 treatments and 10 replications each: T0 - MS medium (100%); T1 - MS medium (100%) + 0.5 mg L-1of ANA; T2 - MS medium (100%) + 0.5 mg L(-1) of ANA and 0.5 mg L(-1) of BAP; and T4 - MS medium (100%) + 0.5 mg L(-1) of BAP. The treatments were performed using MS medium, and the plants were kept in laboratory conditions until 120 days of age, when contamination and growth were assessed. The statistical analysis highlighted a high rate of contamination during the repotting cycles. Even with contamination, the orchids showed vegetative growth using phytohormones. This observation allows us to conclude that 100% MS medium should be used for Maxillaria brasiliensis, and 100% MS medium + 0.5 mg L-1ANA proved to be the most satisfactory for Macradenia paraensis and Pseudolaelia corcovadensis
Valorization of horticultural agro-residues and marine for sustainable poultry nutrition: a response surface methodology-based approach with argan press cake and anchovy bone residues
Get PDFAlthough rich in proteins and minerals, the salty by-products of anchovy processing, especially bones, are usually discarded because of their high sodium chloride (NaCl) content. This study developed a process to desalt anchovy bone residues and combine them with rinsed argan press cake, an agro-industrial co-product used in animal feed, to formulate a functional poultry diet. Simple solid–liquid extraction with tap water (1:1, m/v) reduced NaCl from 15.4% to 4.7%. A Response Surface Methodology (RSM) then evaluated mixtures of desalted bones (10–90%) and rinsed argan press cake (10–30%). Nutritional parameters measured included NaCl, calcium, phosphorus, ash and total nitrogenous matter. The optimal diet, with 10% desalted bones and 10% press cake, achieved a final NaCl content of 0.49% while maintaining essential nutrients. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of integrating marine and agro-industrial co-products into sustainable poultry feed, supporting circular economy principlesAlthough rich in proteins and minerals, the salty by-products of anchovy processing, especially bones, are usually discarded because of their high sodium chloride (NaCl) content. This study developed a process to desalt anchovy bone residues and combine them with rinsed argan press cake, an agro-industrial co-product used in animal feed, to formulate a functional poultry diet. Simple solid–liquid extraction with tap water (1:1, m/v) reduced NaCl from 15.4% to 4.7%. A Response Surface Methodology (RSM) then evaluated mixtures of desalted bones (10–90%) and rinsed argan press cake (10–30%). Nutritional parameters measured included NaCl, calcium, phosphorus, ash and total nitrogenous matter. The optimal diet, with 10% desalted bones and 10% press cake, achieved a final NaCl content of 0.49% while maintaining essential nutrients. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of integrating marine and agro-industrial co-products into sustainable poultry feed, supporting circular economy principle
Resilience and sustainability in the production of Ullucus tuberosus under a biocultural approach in Andean communities
Get PDFThis article evaluates the agroecological and biocultural impact of Ullucus tuberosus cultivation in the Montúfar canton of Carchi province, Ecuador. Focusing on the "Producampo" Association, made up mostly of women, the research analyzes how they combine traditional and sustainable agricultural practices to ensure productive resilience and preserve biodiversity. Through qualitative methodologies such as interviews and participant observation, it was shown that 87.5% of farmers are women aged 39 to 75 who work more than 56 hours per week on their small plots, most of which are less than one hectare. Agroecological practices include the use of organic fertilizers, crop rotation, and natural methods for pest control. These actions not only minimize the use of chemical inputs but also strengthen sustainability and food security. Furthermore, bioculturalism plays a key role: farmers apply ancestral knowledge such as the lunar calendar and seed exchange, promoting social cohesion and adaptation to climate challenges. Despite limitations such as limited access to land, Ullucus tuberosus remains essential to the local economy and food supply. The study concludes by highlighting the need for public policies that support the integration of traditional knowledge with scientific innovations to strengthen agricultural sustainability and the empowerment of rural communities, especially women, within an inclusive development model.This article evaluates the agroecological and biocultural impact of Ullucus tuberosus cultivation in the Montúfar canton of Carchi province, Ecuador. Focusing on the "Producampo" Association, made up mostly of women, the research analyzes how they combine traditional and sustainable agricultural practices to ensure productive resilience and preserve biodiversity. Through qualitative methodologies such as interviews and participant observation, it was shown that 87.5% of farmers are women aged 39 to 75 who work more than 56 hours per week on their small plots, most of which are less than one hectare. Agroecological practices include the use of organic fertilizers, crop rotation, and natural methods for pest control. These actions not only minimize the use of chemical inputs but also strengthen sustainability and food security. Furthermore, bioculturalism plays a key role: farmers apply ancestral knowledge such as the lunar calendar and seed exchange, promoting social cohesion and adaptation to climate challenges. Despite limitations such as limited access to land, Ullucus tuberosus remains essential to the local economy and food supply. The study concludes by highlighting the need for public policies that support the integration of traditional knowledge with scientific innovations to strengthen agricultural sustainability and the empowerment of rural communities, especially women, within an inclusive development model
Pruning type and timing affect agronomic performance of blueberry plants grown in central Brazil
Get PDFGlobal blueberry production more than quadrupled between 2010 and 2022. One of the factors contributing to this production growth was the development of new cultivars with little or no chilling requirements, capable of thriving in tropical regions. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the growth and fruit yield of blueberry plants (Biloxi cultivar) subjected to different pruning types and timings in the Distrito Federal (DF), Central-West region of Brazil. The experiment was conducted in an open field, using a randomized complete block design with 3 replications and 10 plants per plot, totaling 480 plants. The plants were grown in pots using a fertigation system and were subjected to two types of pruning (severe pruning and regular pruning) in the different seasons of the year. The plants were evaluated for vegetative growth, fruit yield, number of fruits per plant, mean fruit weight, and fruit transverse and longitudinal diameters. The results showed that Biloxi blueberry can be grown under the climate conditions of the central region of Brazil, during the four seasons of the year, despite the tropical climate conditions and no occurrence of temperatures lower than 7.2 °C. Higher fruit yields were found when pruning was performed in winter or spring. Severe pruning resulted in higher fruit yields compared to regular pruning in winter. Summer and autumn pruning treatments reduced fruit yield; however, it is an alternative to extend the production window of this crop in Brazil.Global blueberry production more than quadrupled between 2010 and 2022. One of the factors contributing to this production growth was the development of new cultivars with little or no chilling requirements, capable of thriving in tropical regions. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the growth and fruit yield of blueberry plants (Biloxi cultivar) subjected to different pruning types and timings in the Distrito Federal (DF), Central-West region of Brazil. The experiment was conducted in an open field, using a randomized complete block design with 3 replications and 10 plants per plot, totaling 480 plants. The plants were grown in pots using a fertigation system and were subjected to two types of pruning (severe pruning and regular pruning) in the different seasons of the year. The plants were evaluated for vegetative growth, fruit yield, number of fruits per plant, mean fruit weight, and fruit transverse and longitudinal diameters. The results showed that Biloxi blueberry can be grown under the climate conditions of the central region of Brazil, during the four seasons of the year, despite the tropical climate conditions and no occurrence of temperatures lower than 7.2 °C. Higher fruit yields were found when pruning was performed in winter or spring. Severe pruning resulted in higher fruit yields compared to regular pruning in winter. Summer and autumn pruning treatments reduced fruit yield; however, it is an alternative to extend the production window of this crop in Brazil
Development and maturation of cape gooseberry fruits
Get PDFThe cultivation of Physalis peruviana L. is an economic alternative, particularly for small farmers. However, there is a lack of available information on its cultivation under Brazilian edaphoclimatic conditions. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the development and maturation of the fruits of P. peruviana according to the moment of flowering of the plant and the age of the fruit, in Piracicaba, São Paulo. A randomized block design with four replicates was used, and the treatments were arranged in a 2 × 4 factorial design, the first factor consisting of two moments of flowering of plants, 55 and 105 days after transplantation (DAT) and the second, represented by the age of the fruits, 45, 60, 75, and 90 days after anthesis (DAA). The physicochemical characteristics of 15 fruits from each repetition were evaluated immediately after harvesting. The necessary thermal accumulation from anthesis to the physiological maturity of the fruit is variable between the moments of flowering of the plant. Fruits harvested at 75 DAA, originating from the first moment of flowering (55 DAT), and at 60 DAA, originating from flowers issued at 105 DAT, present parameters (mass, size, color, and flavor) that characterize physiological maturity and have a quality standard that makes them suitable for marketing.The cultivation of Physalis peruviana L. is an economic alternative, particularly for small farmers. However, there is a lack of available information on its cultivation under Brazilian edaphoclimatic conditions. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the development and maturation of the fruits of P. peruviana according to the moment of flowering of the plant and the age of the fruit, in Piracicaba, São Paulo. A randomized block design with four replicates was used, and the treatments were arranged in a 2 × 4 factorial design, the first factor consisting of two moments of flowering of plants, 55 and 105 days after transplantation (DAT) and the second, represented by the age of the fruits, 45, 60, 75, and 90 days after anthesis (DAA). The physicochemical characteristics of 15 fruits from each repetition were evaluated immediately after harvesting. The necessary thermal accumulation from anthesis to the physiological maturity of the fruit is variable between the moments of flowering of the plant. Fruits harvested at 75 DAA, originating from the first moment of flowering (55 DAT), and at 60 DAA, originating from flowers issued at 105 DAT, present parameters (mass, size, color, and flavor) that characterize physiological maturity and have a quality standard that makes them suitable for marketing
Pruning times on the phenology and quality of chardonnay vine (Vitis vinifera L.)
Get PDFThe pruning time can influence the performance of the vine, depending on the local conditions in which it is located. The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of pruning times on the phenology of the Chardonnay vine, on the productivity and quality of the grape and wine in the 2022/2023 production cycle. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, with 3 replications and an experimental unit of 5 plants. The treatments consisted of four pruning times (at the end of May, June, July and August), with assessments of phenology (at the beginning and end of budding, flowering, and maturation), percentage of bud sprouting, production and quality of grapes and wine. Production was evaluated in number of bunches; average weight and size of bunches; productivity per plant and per hectare. The analyzes of must before processing, and wine, were pH; total acidity; sugars, alcohol and volatile acidity. Early pruning (T1) reduces the duration of phenological cycles. Early pruning resulted in lower production. The must from control (3) presented the highest value for total acidity. T1 did not change the duration of the phenological subperiods nor did it bring forward the harvest, in relation to the control. However, it may increase the risk of damage to shoots due to late frosts, in years with winter temperatures close to 0 °C. The different pruning times influenced the productivity and not the composition of the grapes. It is possible to extend the pruning period and stagger the workforce to carry out dry pruning.The pruning time can influence the performance of the vine, depending on the local conditions in which it is located. The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of pruning times on the phenology of the Chardonnay vine, on the productivity and quality of the grape and wine in the 2022/2023 production cycle. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, with 3 replications and an experimental unit of 5 plants. The treatments consisted of four pruning times (at the end of May, June, July and August), with assessments of phenology (at the beginning and end of budding, flowering, and maturation), percentage of bud sprouting, production and quality of grapes and wine. Production was evaluated in number of bunches; average weight and size of bunches; productivity per plant and per hectare. The analyzes of must before processing, and wine, were pH; total acidity; sugars, alcohol and volatile acidity. Early pruning (T1) reduces the duration of phenological cycles. Early pruning resulted in lower production. The must from control (3) presented the highest value for total acidity. T1 did not change the duration of the phenological subperiods nor did it bring forward the harvest, in relation to the control. However, it may increase the risk of damage to shoots due to late frosts, in years with winter temperatures close to 0 °C. The different pruning times influenced the productivity and not the composition of the grapes. It is possible to extend the pruning period and stagger the workforce to carry out dry pruning