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Evaluation of pea seed vigor by the accelerated aging and controlled deterioration tests
Get PDFVigor tests were developed to detect differences in seed lots due to limitations of germination tests. The objective of this work was to investigate the efficiency of the accelerated aging and controlled deterioration tests to assess the vigor of pea seed lots. The water content and physiological quality of five pea lots cv. Aragon were determined using the germination and vigor tests (first count, electrical conductivity, seedling emergence and speed of emergence index, accelerated aging with the traditional system and with saturated NaCl solution at 41ºC for 48, 72 and 96 hours; and controlled deterioration test with 15, 20, 25% water content for 48, 72 and 96 hours at 42ºC). The accelerated aging test with saturated NaCl solution for 96 hours was efficient to categorize pea seeds lots. Combinations of 20% water for 72 hours and 25% water for 48 and 72 hours were efficient to categorize pea seed lots using the controlled deterioration test
Minimum number of samples to determine inadequate storage of potato cv. Markies to processing
No full textPotato tubers for frying are stored at low temperature to reduce sprout losses and diseases. The objective was to determine the minimum number of potato cv. Markies for sampling and identification of improper storage conditions. Potatoes cv. Markies tubers were stored at 6 and 8 °C for 180 days and fried. The potato chips coloring was visually determined based on USDA\u27s international grade scale. The repeatability coefficients were estimated by the analysis of variance methods (ANAVA), main components (MC), based on the correlation matrix (PCCo) and covariance (PCCv) and structural analysis (SA) based on the correlation matrix. The color of the potato chips cv. Markies differed with the storage temperature. The minimum number of sticks needed to predict inadequate storage of potato chips for frying at 99% reliability is 37, 50, 50 and 50% and with 95% repetibility is 7, 10, 10, 10 and 10 for the methods of ANOVA, PCCo, PCCv and SA, respectively. The difference in color of the sticks with the storage temperature allows the application of the repeatability coefficient and the indication of the minimum number of samples for the tubers inadequately stored identification for frying. The minimum number of fried sticks for sampling and identification of inadequate storage of potato cv. Markies with 95% accuracy is 10.Os tubérculos de batata para fritar são armazenados a baixa temperatura para reduzir perdas por brotação e doenças. O objetivo foi determinar o número mínimo de batata cv. Markies para amostragem e identificação de condições de armazenamento inadequadas. Os tubérculos de batata cv. Markies foram armazenados a 6 e 8 ° C por 180 dias e fritos. A coloração das batatas fritas foi determinada visualmente com base na escala de classificação internacional do USDA. Os coeficientes de repetibilidade foram estimados pelos métodos de análise de variância (ANOVA), componentes principais (CP), com base na matriz de correlação (PCCo) e covariância (PCCv) e análise estrutural (AS) com base na matriz de correlação. A cor das batatas fritas cv. Markies diferiu com a temperatura de armazenamento. O número mínimo de palitos necessários para prever o armazenamento inadequado de batatas fritas para fritar com 99% de confiabilidade é 37, 50, 50 e 50% e com 95% de repetibilidade é 7, 10, 10, 10 e 10 para os métodos de ANOVA, PCCo , PCCv e SA, respectivamente. A diferença de cor dos palitos com a temperatura de armazenamento permite a aplicação do coeficiente de repetibilidade e a indicação do número mínimo de amostras para identificação dos tubérculos armazenados inadequadamente para fritura. O número mínimo de palitos fritos para amostragem e identificação de armazenamento inadequado da batata cv. Markies com 95% de precisão é 10
Plastic mulching failed to improve yield of tomato in the semi-arid
No full textPlastic mulches have been extensively used in tomato fields around the world; its use is recent but growing in Brazil, especially in semi-arid regions. However, whether plastic mulches are beneficial to tomato grown in the Brazilian semi-arid and should replace other traditionally used practices is little known. Two on-farm experiments were carried out aiming at assessing the yield response of ‘Trucker’ hybrid tomato to plastic mulching in interaction with other practices, viz, irrigation, earthing up, and plant population. The first experiment consisted of a randomized block design with six treatments arranged in a 3 x 2 factorial and replicated four times: three crop practices (earthing up, plastic mulching and bare soil) combined with two plant populations (12,500 and 10,416 plants ha-1). The second experiment was a randomized complete block design with four replications, in a split-plot arrangement. Irrigation levels (305, 440, 495, 610 and 725 mm cycle-1) were assigned to plots, and mulching and earthing up to subplots. Fruit diameter, fruit weight and crop yield were evaluated. Plastic mulching had no effect on crop yields and water-use efficiency at both experiments. Overall, the results suggest planting ‘Trucker’ tomato at 12,500 plants ha-1, 580-630 mm cycle-1 of irrigation, and without plastic mulching. Coberturas de plástico têm sido amplamente utilizadas em plantações de tomate em todo o mundo; seu uso é recente, mas crescente no Brasil, principalmente nas regiões semi-áridas. No entanto, pouco se sabe se as coberturas plásticas são benéficas para o tomate cultivado no semi-árido brasileiro e devem substituir outras práticas tradicionalmente utilizadas. Dois experimentos foram realizados com o objetivo de avaliar a resposta do rendimento do tomate híbrido ‘Trucker’ à cobertura morta de plástico em interação com outras práticas, a saber, irrigação, aterramento e população de plantas. O primeiro experimento consistiu em um delineamento de blocos casualizados com seis tratamentos dispostos em um fatorial 3 x 2 e repetidos quatro vezes: três práticas de cultivo (aterramento, cobertura morta plástica e solo descoberto) combinadas com duas populações de plantas (12.500 e 10.416 plantas ha-1 ). O segundo experimento foi em blocos casualizados com quatro repetições, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas. Os níveis de irrigação (305, 440, 495, 610 e 725 mm ciclo-1) foram atribuídos às parcelas, e cobertura morta e aterramento até as subparcelas. Foram avaliados o diâmetro do fruto, o peso do fruto e a produtividade da cultura. A cobertura morta de plástico não teve efeito sobre o rendimento da cultura e a eficiência do uso de água em ambos os experimentos. No geral, os resultados sugerem o plantio de tomate ‘Trucker’ em 12.500 plantas ha-1, 580-630 mm ciclo-1 de irrigação e sem cobertura de plástico
Postharvest conservation of ‘Sunrise Solo’ papaya under cassava starch coatings added with ginger essential oil
Get PDFThe use of biodegradable coatings associated with essential oils with fungicidal action can be an efficient alternative in the conservation and reduction of postharvest losses of papaya, a very perishable fruit susceptible to decay. In this sense, the objective of this work was to evaluate the postharvest conservation of papaya under cassava-based starch biodegradable coatings, added with essential oil (EO) of ginger. The experimental design was the completely randomized in a split-plot scheme, with the plot consisting of 5 coatings applied to ‘Sunrise solo’ papaya’ harvested in the light green maturity stage: (control (without coating); 2% cassava starch (S2%); S2% + 0.15% ginger essential oil (EO); S2% + 0.30% EO and S2% + 0.45% EO) and in the subplot the days of storage: (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 days), with 4 replications. Papaya coated with S2% + 0.30% EO showed a delay in color evolution, lower weight loss, maintained the levels of soluble solids and ascorbic acid, in addition to reducing the incidence of decay and increasing the purchase intention, thus increasing postharvest life in 4 days as related to control fruits. The use of 2% starch coating added with 0.30% ginger essential oil is a viable, sustainable and low-cost alternative for maintaining the quality and adding value to ‘Sunrise solo’ papaya as a clean technology.As perdas pós-colheita são ocasionadas por diversos fatores, dentre eles a vida útil curta de frutas e hortaliças. A associação de um componente de caráter plastificante e ou emulsionante é de grande valia para conservação desses produtos, principalmente para o mamão, fruto tipicamente climatérico. Neste sentido, objetivou-se avaliar a qualidade pós-colheita de mamão submetido a recobrimentos biodegradáveis a base de fécula de mandioca associados a diferentes concentrações do óleo essencial de gengibre. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado em esquema de parcela subdividida, sendo a parcela composta por 5 recobrimentos aplicados nos frutos de mamão: (controle; fécula a 2%; fécula a 2%+0,15% óleo de gengibre; fécula a 2%+0,30% óleo de gengibre e fécula a 2%+0,45% óleo de gengibre) e na subparcela os períodos de armazenamento: (0, 3, 6, 9 e 12 dias), com quatro repetições. O uso de recobrimentos biodegradáveis a base de fécula de mandioca aumenta a vida útil pós-colheita dos frutos de mamão. A concentração de 0,30% do óleo essencial de gengibre reduziu a perda de massa dos frutos de mamão e o óleo essencial de gengibre associado à fécula de mandioca oferece benefícios para o aumento da vida de prateleira do mamão ‘Sunrise solo’
Summer squash morphophysiology under salt stress and exogenous application of H2O2 in hydroponic cultivation
Get PDFSummer squash is a vegetable of significant acceptance in the market due to its economic and nutritionalimportance, with the potential for expansion in the food industry. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the gas exchange and growth of summer squash plants subjected to a saline nutrient solution and exogenous application of hydrogen peroxide. The study was conducted in a greenhouse in Pombal – PB. The cultivation system used was the Nutrient Film Technique (NFT) hydroponic system. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a 4 x 4 factorial arrangement, whose treatments consisted of four levels of electrical conductivityof the nutrient solution - ECns (2.1, 3.1, 4.1, and 5.1 dS m-1) and four concentrations of hydrogen peroxide – H2O2 (0, 20, 40, and 60 μM), with three replications. The increase in the nutrient solution salinity from 2.1 dS m-1 reduced the leaf area and transpiration of the summer squash plants. Hydrogen peroxide at a concentration of 40 μM increased the root length, the instantaneous carboxylation efficiency, and the CO2 assimilation rate when the plants were subjected to the saline solution of 2.1 dS m-1. Also, the application of 60 μM H2O2 mitigated the effect of salt stress on the internal CO2 concentration and stomatal conductance of the summer squash plants.A abobrinha italiana é uma hortaliça de grande aceitação no mercado, por apresentar importância econômica e nutricional, com potencial para expansão na indústria alimentar. Nesse contexto, objetiva-se nessa pesquisa avaliar como trocas gasosas e o crescimento da abobrinha italiana submetida a solução nutritiva salina e aplicação exógena de peróxido de hidrogênio. O trabalho foi conduzido em casa de vegetação, em Pombal - PB. O sistema de cultivo utilizado foi o hidropônico tipo Técnica de Fluxo Laminar de Nutriente - NFT. O delineamento experimental foi casualizado, sem esquema fatorial 4 x 4, utilizado consistindo de quatro níveis salinos de solução nutritiva - CEsn (2,1; 3,1; 4,1 e 5,1 dS m 2 S 2 -1 ), e de peróxido de hidrogênio - H (0; 20; 40 e 60 μM), com 3 repetições. O aumento da salinidade da solução nutritiva a partir de 2,1 dS m -1 reduz a área foliar e a respiração das plantas de abobrinha. O peróxido de hidrogênio com concentração de 40 μM de incremento ou comprimento de raiz, uma eficiência instantânea de carboxilação e os índices de assimilação de CO 2 quando submetido a uma solução salina de 2,1 dS m -1 , como também uma aplicação de 60 μM possui o efeito de estresse salino sobre a concentração interna de CO 2 e a condutância estomática das plantas
Substrates, emergence and initial development of passion fruit seedlings
Get PDFThe propagation of any crop is understood as a crucial step for the success of the crop, being the main form of propagation of passion fruit to sexual, where almost all cases of commercial plantations, orchards are formed from seedlings generated from seeds produced in substrates. The objective was then to evaluate the effect of different substrates on the emergence and initial development of passion fruit (Passiflora edulis) seedlings. The experimental design was a randomized block with 6 treatments and 4 repetitions with 25 seeds per experimental unit. The seeds were submitted to the treatments, sown in different substrates, being: T1 = Pure soil (100%); T2 = Soil (75%) + humus (25%); T3 = Soil (75%) + bovine manure (25%); T4 = Soil (75%) + chicken manure (25%); T5 = Soil (75%) + Natufert® organomineral fertilizer (25%); T6 = Soil (75%) + coffee straw (25%). Thirty days after sowing the variables were evaluated, percentage of germination. Sixty days after sowing were evaluated: number of leaves; plant height; collection diameter; root length; leaf green mass; leaf dry mass; green root mass; dry root mass. The treatment Terra (75%) + coffee straw (25%) proved to be the most recommended with regard to variables of the aerial part, while Terra (75%) + humus (25%) and Terra (75%) + bovine manure (25%) were the most suitable for the root development of seedlings.A propagação de qualquer cultivo é compreendida como uma etapa crucial para o sucesso da cultura, sendo a principal forma de propagação do maracujazeiro a sexuada, onde quase totalidade dos casos de plantios comerciais, os pomares são formados a partir de mudas geradas de sementes. A produção de mudas de qualidade passa pela escolha do substrato mais indicado para cada cultura. Objetivou-se avaliar a influência de diferentes substratos na emergência e desenvolvimento inicial de plântulas de maracujazeiro amarelo (Passiflora edulis). O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados com 6 tratamentos e 4 repetições com 25 sementes por unidade experimental, semeadas em tubetes de 280 mL. Os tratamentos foram compostos por diferentes tipos de substratos na proporção de 3:1, sendo eles: solo puro; solo + esterco de galinha; solo+esterco de boi; solo + Natufert®; solo + húmus; solo + palha de café. Foram avaliados a altura das plantas (cm); o número de folhas; o diâmetro do coleto (mm); o comprimento da raiz (cm); a massa verde das folhas; a massa verde das raízes; a massa seca das folhas e a massa seca das raízes. Os substratos resultantes da mistura de solo + palha de café se mostrou o mais indicado na emergência e desenvolvimento inicial de plântulas de maracujazeiro amarelo
Production and quality of pineapple juice with mint powder by foam-mat drying
Get PDFThe objective of this work was to produce pineapple juice with powdered mint, using the foam layer drying process, and to evaluate the quality of the final product. For the formation of the foam, 2% (w/w) of Super Liga Neutra and Emustab were added to the pineapple and mint juice and subjected to agitation in a domestic mixer for 15 minutes; then, it was spread on trays forming a thin layer of 1.0 cm thick whose drying conditions were 60, 70 and 80 ºC. With the experimental data of the drying kinetics of pineapple and mint juice, drying curves were drawn whose models adjusted to the data were: Exponential of two terms, Henderson & Pabis and Page. The final product was evaluated for pH parameters, titratable acidity, water content, total solids, soluble solids, ascorbic acid, solubility, and color (L *, a * and b *). The Page model was the one that best fit the experimental data on the drying of pineapple juice with mint, at all temperatures, as it has a higher coefficient of determination (R²), indicating that this model satisfactorily represents the drying phenomenon of pineapple with mint. It was evidenced that, the increase of the drying temperature, resulted in the reduction of acidity and water content, and at the same time an increase in the content of soluble solids. And, the samples dehydrated at a temperature of 70 ºC showed greater stability in the ascorbic acid content, and less darkening.Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, produção de suco de abacaxi com hortelã em pó, utilizando o processo de secagem em camada de espuma, e avaliar a qualidade do produto final. Para a formação da espuma foi adicionado, ao suco de abacaxi com hortelã, 2% (m/m) de Super Liga Neutra e Emustab, e submetida à agitação em batedeira doméstica, durante 15 minutos; em seguida, esta foi espalhada sobre bandejas formando uma camada fina de 1,0 cm de espessura cujas condições de secagem foram de 60, 70 e 80 ºC. Com os dados experimentais da cinética de secagem do suco de abacaxi com hortelã foram traçadas curvas de secagem cujos modelos ajustados aos dados, foram: Exponencial de dois termos, Henderson & Pabis e Page. O produto final foi avaliado quanto aos parâmetros de pH, acidez titulável, teor de água, sólidos totais, sólidos solúveis, ácido ascórbico, solubilidade, e cor (L*, a* e b*). O modelo de Page foi o que melhor se ajustou aos dados experimentais da secagem do suco de abacaxi com hortelã, em todas as temperaturas, por apresentar maior coeficiente de determinação (R²), indicando que este modelo representa satisfatoriamente o fenômeno de secagem do suco de abacaxi com hortelã. Foi evidenciado que, o aumento da temperatura de secagem, resultou na redução da acidez e teor de água, e ao mesmo tempo aumento do teor de sólidos solúveis. E, as amostras desidratadas em temperatura 70 ºC apresentaram maior estabilidade no conteúdo de ácido ascórbico, e menor escurecimento. 
"Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles from Staphylococcus lentus isolated from Ocimum basilicum and their antibacterial activity"
Get PDFThe present study was isolated and identification of endophytic bacteriumisolated from Ocimum basilicum by surface sterilization method. Bacterial strain was identifiedas Sphylococcus lentus.Bacterium isolate was used to detect their ability toprepare silver nanoparticles. The results showed change in color silver nitrate solution 1mM brown, studied the spectrum of absorption of UV, visible spectroscopy of the solution silver particles nano second stepin making sure the formation of particles and found to be located on the wavelength of 400 nm to bacteriaOcimum basilicumalso show that the X-ray diffraction peak was at (103) and at the angle (34.1). Additinary the results showed clear images in the scanning electron microscope size and shape, Size ranged between20.4 -93.04nm.The results revealed thatbAgNPs synthesized from Sphylococcus lentus. have antibacterial activity against Gram-negativeEscherichia coli, Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureu
Soil organomineral fertilization in garlic crop
Get PDFGarlic (Allium sativum) stands out in the culinary and alternative medicine of many people. The crop is very responsive to adding fertilizers. Commonly the sources used are minerals, but in the last decade the demand for combining these with organic ones has grown, making up the organomineral fertilizers. Due to benefits in the soil and the consequent effect on crops yield, organominerals have been associated as a promising alternative in nutritional management. In this context, the objective was to evaluate the production of garlic under the application of organomineral fertilizer on soil. Quiteria was the variety used in the study. The design was a randomized complete block with five treatments: control (mineral fertilizer in the dose of 100% of the recommendation for the standard crop of the property) and four concentrations of the organomineral fertilizer (100; 80; 60 and 40% of the recommendation for the crop). The percentage of marketable garlic and SPAD index showed no significant difference between the fertilizations evaluated. It was concluded that the use of organomineral fertilizer in the rate of 80% offers the same performance in productivity compared to the 100% mineral, in addition to providing a higher quality in national garlic, as it offers a lower percentage of cull garlic bulbs, adding value in the national garlic chain
Black pepper plantlets under controlled-release fertilizer: growth and chlorophyll contents
Get PDFThe study aimed to investigate the effect of controlled-release fertilizer N14-P14-K14 (CRF) on the morphological traits and chlorophyll indices of black pepper plantlets (cv. Bragantina). One experimentation was carried out in a greenhouse between March and July 2018 in the Rio de Janeiro state/Brazil. Were tested four doses’ equivalents to 0.0, 2.5, 5.0, and 10.0 kilogram of CRF per cubic meter of the substrate, which was obtained by mixing clayey soil and crushed coconut fiber, on 1:3 volume proportion. The experimental design was completely randomized, with 17 replicates to assess the morphological characteristics and nine replicates to assess the chlorophyll contents. At 120 days after transplanting were assessed main stem height (H), the number of leaves (NL), leaf area index (LAI), total dry matter (TDM), shoot dry matter (SDM), and root dry matter (RDM). Chlorophyll a, b, a+b contents and a/b ratio were assessed too. The application of CRF fertilizer increased the NL and SDM values until 9.6 kg m-3 dose. The values of H, TDM, LAI, and RDM increase until 9.3, 8.4, 8.2, and 6.4 kg m-3 doses, respectively. The chlorophyll a and b contents increased until 7.7 kg m-3 dose. It\u27s recommended to apply 8.4 kg of CRF 14N-14P-14K per cubic meter of the substrate to produce black pepper plantlets with adequate commercial pattern and chlorophyll levels